Languages in Contact: Findings and ProblemsWalter de Gruyter, 14. dets 2010 - 160 pages “This remains the fundamental base for studies of multilingual communities and language shift. Weinreich laid out the concepts, principles and issues that govern empirical work in this field, and it has not been replaced by any later general treatment.” |
Contents
| 1 | |
| 3 | |
| 5 | |
2 MECHANISMS AND STRUCTURAL CAUSES OF INTERFERENCE | 7 |
22 Phonic Interference | 14 |
23 Grammatical Interference | 29 |
24 Lexical Interference | 47 |
25 Total Amount of Interference | 63 |
44 The Standardized Language as a Symbol | 99 |
45 Duration of Contact | 103 |
46 Crystallization of New Languages | 104 |
47 Language Shifts | 106 |
5 RESEARCH METHODS AND OPPORTUNITIES | 111 |
52 Multiple Contacts as a Favorable Field of Study | 113 |
EFFECTS OF BILINGUALISM ON THE INDIVIDUAL | 116 |
2 Group Identification | 117 |
3 THE BILINGUAL INDIVIDUAL | 71 |
32 Characteristics of the Bilingual Speaker | 72 |
33 Relative Status of Languages | 74 |
4 THE SOCIOCULTURAL SETTING OF LANGUAGE CONTACT | 83 |
42 Language Functions in Bilingual Communities | 87 |
43 Congruence of Linguistic and SocioCultural Divisions | 89 |
3 Character Formation | 119 |
4 Educational Problems | 121 |
Bibliography | 123 |
| 147 | |
Common terms and phrases
acculturation Amer American Speech analysis Arsenian Auslandsdeutsche bilingual bilingual's bilinguisme borrowing bound morphemes calques compound CONGRESS OF LINGUISTS contact situation correlation descriptive linguist Deutsche deutschen dialect discussed distinction dominant effects of bilingualism elements English example factors ference foreign French functions grammatical guage Haugen immigrant individual influence INTERNATIONAL CONGRESS Italian language community language contact language loyalty language shift languages in contact langues learned lexical linguistic interference linguistique loan translation loanwords Martinet Menarini morphemes mother-tongue groups native nouns patois pattern Pennsylvania German phemes phonemic phonemic system phonic Portuguese prestige primary problem proficiency Psychology Raetoromans recipient language relations resistance result Romansh Rumanian Russian Schuchardt Schwyzertütsch second language semantemes semantic social socio-cultural setting sociolinguistic sound source language Spanish speech of bilinguals Sprache Standard German standardized language structural Swiss Switzerland tion tongue transfer types of interference unilingual verb vocabulary vowels Weinreich word Zweisprachigkeit