are all of the same species, and that the basal mass and the spiral cloacal organ are truly parts of the same individual.

The external mammillated coriaceous dermis of the cloacal system in the dried condition closely embraces the spiral column of spicula, but I could not detect any organic connexion between them. It is probable, from its reticulated structure in some parts, that there was a considerable intervening space between the spiral column and the external envelopment while in the living state, and that the present condition is due to the contraction of the coriaceous coat while drying.

DESCRIPTION OF PLATES IV. & V.

PLATE IV.

Fig. 1. Hyalonema mirabile in the cabinet of Capt. Charles Tyler, having a small basal mass of sponge covered with the dermal membrane, which is continued up the spiral column, and from which protuberant oscula are put forth. Natural size.

Fig. 2. A specimen of the same species of Sponge presented to me by Mr. H. Lee. The basal mass of sponge is without the dermal membrane, but having the commencement of the corium corresponding with the distal end of the spongeous mass. Natural size.

Fig. 3. A section at right angles to the long axis of one of the oscular organs, just below the corrugated terminal disk, exhibiting a view of the interior of the upper portion of the dissepimental form of the complicated valvular structure within the apical termination of the oscular tube. The central membrane containing the natural orifice is slightly involved, showing on its outer surface a portion of the sand imbedded. By direct light, magnified 50 times linear.

Fig. 4. The lower portion of the valvular structure of the same section, showing the inner diaphragm, or valve, with its motive filaments. The valve. partly open, and its membranous structure having a cruciform spiculum imbedded in its substance at a. By transmitted light in Canada balsam, magnified 50 times linear.

Fig. 5. The apical termination of one of the oscular tubes cut off immediately beneath the corrugated apex, after maceration in solution of potass, showing the circular arrangement of the motive fibres of the outer valve of the osculum in situ, and the attachment of their apices to the outer margin of the central oscular membrane, their basal portions curving downward at the outer margin of the corrugated apex of the organ to their respective basal attachments. Mounted in water and viewed by transmitted light, magnified 50 times linear.

PLATE V.

Fig. 1. One of the lamelle of the skeleton from the basal mass of sponge of Hyalonema mirabile in the British Museum, exhibiting the general structure of the skeleton and the mode of disposition of the fimbriated multihamate birotulate spicula, the spiculated cruciform, and the various forms of interstitial spicula. a. One of the largest of the attenuato-rectangulated hexradiate interstitial spicula in situ, with a group of three fimbriated multihamate birotulate spicula, and spiculated cruciform spicula dispersed on the transparent interstitial membranes. b. Skeleton-fasciculi, with a row of spiculated cruciform spicula based on one of them. Magnified 50 times linear.

Fig. 2. A fimbriated multihamate birotulate interstitial spiculum of the primary system. Magnified 175 times linear.

Fig. 3. An elongo-recurvate dentato-birotulate interstitial spiculum of the secondary system. Magnified 308 times linear.

PROC. ZOOL. Soc.---1867, No. III.

Fig. 4. A group of the same form of spicula as No. 3, in situ around a skeletonfasciculus, from the specimen of Hyalonema in the Bristol Museum. Magnified 108 times linear.

Fig. 5. An inflato-fusiformi-acerate external defensive spiculum hemispinous distally. Magnified 108 times linear.

Fig. 6. A spiculated cruciform internal defensive spiculum. Magnified 175 times linear.

Fig. 7. Inflato-acerate tension spiculum. Magnified 108 times linear.

Fig. 8. Large atttenuato-rectangulated hexradiate interstitial spiculum. Magnified 90 times linear.

Fig. 9. Small attenuato-rectangulated hexradiate interstitial spiculum. Magnified 90 times linear.

Figs. 10, 11, 12, 13, 14. Various states of development of the cylindro-cruciform interstitial spicula, common to the basal mass of sponge and the coriaceous investment of the spiral column of the cloacal system. Magnified 175 times linear.

Fig. 15. Attenuato-rectangulated triradiate tension spiculum, occasionally found dispersed among the other tension spicula. Magnified 90 times linear. Fig. 16. Asperated or jointed condition of portion of the long acerate spicula of the spiral axis of the cloacal system. Magnified 108 times linear. Fig. 17. A detached joint from a specimen similar to that represented by fig. 16, from which a portion has been fractured longitudinally, exhibiting the uniform solidity of the incrusting silex. Magnified 108 times linear.

Fig. 18. Quadrihamate retentive spiculum.

5. Note on the Identity of certain Species of Lycanidæ. By ARTHUR G. BUTLER, F.Z.S.

An observation in the second part of Mr. Hewitson's valuable work on Diurnal Lepidoptera,' p. 53, has induced me to compare the description of Hesperia freja, in Fabricius's Entomologia Systematica,' iii. p. 263. n. 19, with the numerous specimens of Lycanida in the collection of the British Museum; and I am now fully satisfied that this species, which Mr. Hewitson has placed provisionally at the end of the genus Hypolycaena, is perfectly identical with the wellknown Myrina jaffra of Godart, figured in Horsfield's 'Catalogue,' pl. 3. figs. 5, 5 a.

The only apparent defects in the description given by Fabricius consist in the misapplication of the term apex to the anal area of the hind wings (a substitution of frequent occurrence in early descriptions), and in the somewhat loose account of the position of the transverse lines on the front wings, the internal discal line, which in some specimens is almost submarginal, being described as central. The corrected description would be as follows:

"Magna in hac familia. Antennæ atræ. Palpi albi, apice nigri. Corpus fuscum. Alæ anticæ supra fuscæ, immaculata, subtus alba limbo, lineola transversa discali strigaque postica fulvis. Postica fusca, area anali albæ fascia lata nigra. Cauda duæ, anterior longissima alba, posterior brevior nigra margine albo. "Subtus alba striga postica valde undata atra. Margo strigis fulvis nigrisque. Apex alæ prominet fascia lata, læte cærulea, quæ utrinque terminatur puncto magno atro."

There appear to be two distinct forms of this species, the less common one being, I believe, exclusively confined to Canara; it differs from the more widely distributed form (the true Hesperia freja of Fabricius) in having the subanal black band on the upperside of the hind wings nearly divided in the centre, thus forming two quadrate spots; on the underside it differs in the almost entire absence of yellow colouring in the front wings, and in the addition of a small intermacular subanal spot in the hind wings. I would suggest that the latter form should henceforth bear the name of jaffra (if it be worthy of any name at all), as this will prevent the possible addition of another synonym to Lycænidine nomenclature.

I believe that the insect figured by Mr. Hewitson, at pl. 21. f. 6, is the female of a very slight local variety* of H. erylus of Godart, as we have the male of it in the National Collection. H. tmolus of Felder may also prove to be nothing more than a local form of this insect+. Trimen's erylus is the philippus of Fabricius (var. certhis, Doubl.). Amblypodia selimnus of Doubleday's list is represented by two shattered butterflies, one of which is the Ceylon form of the true longinus of Fabricius, and the other the Ceylon form of pseudo-longinus of Doubleday. These two species are placed as one by Mr. Hewitson; they differ as follows:

IOLAUS LONGINUS, Fabricius.

8. Alis supra cæruleis nitidis, anticis area apicali et costa fuscis; posticis apice costaque fuscis, margine interno fuscopallido: subtus fusco-albidis; anticis seriebus liturarum duabus, interna nigrarum, externa fuscarum: posticis fasciis duabus marginalibus fuscis a venis interruptis; serie discali liturarum nigrarum valde irregulari; maculis duabus nigris analibus, interna angulum attingente, intus lunula flava cinctis, anali extus cæruleo rorata, puncto intermaculari cinereo. Exp. alar. unc. 1-13.

2. Alis supra violaceis pallidis; marginibus costali, apicali et externa anticarum, et costali posticarum, fuscis; posticis linea marginali a venis interrupta, altera maculari submarginali tertiaque discali liturali nigro-fuscis; margine interno albido: alis subtus albidis, velut in mari scriptis, maculis autem posticarum analibus majoribus. Exp. alar. unc. 113–1§. Hab. India.

IOLAUS PSEUDO-LONGINUS, Doubleday.

8. Alis viridi-cæruleis pallidioribus, posticis multo brevioribus, margine interno albido: alis subtus albidis, anticis seriebus liturarum apud costam minime arcuatis, interna posticarum

Our specimens, both male and female, differ from the typical form in the greater length of the hind wings and the more marked submarginal white line; the position of the bands on the underside is slightly altered: the male has the marginal black band on the upperside much wider at the apex of the front wings; and the front wings in the female have a straighter outer margin.

This was at first Mr. Hewitson's opinion (vide Diurn. Lep. ii. p. 49. n. 2).

Figs. 1, 1a. Myrina freja, Fabr.
2, 2a. Local form, jaffra.

3. Iolaus pseudo-longinus, Doubl.

minus irregulari; maculis analibus parvis late flavo intus mar-
ginatis; puncto intermaculari albicante.
17-14.
Exp: alar. unc.

Q. Alis pallidioribus violaceis, anticis disco, et posticis apice albicantibus; posticis serie discali liturarum medium alarum approximante, serie submarginali maculari tenuiore, costa minus fuscescente: alis subtus velut in mari. Exp. alar. unc. 1. Hab. Java; Moulmein.

Var. Posticis feminæ serie liturarum discali serieque submarginali velut in I. longino positis.

Hab. Ceylon.

I cannot but think that these differences are sufficient to warrant the separation of these two insects as constant and distinct local forms.

6. Description of a New Genus of Diurnal Lepidoptera belonging to the Family Erycinide. By A. G. BUTLER, F.Z.S.

The species representing the present genus have hitherto been included in the genus Taxila of Westwood; they are, however, so strikingly distinct from it, that I think it absolutely necessary to separate them. The arrangement of the disco-cellular veins is very unlike that of either Taxila or the allied genus Sospita; the antennæ and wing-cells also differ in length. I therefore propose for this form the name of Dicallaneura.

The genus Taxila has hitherto contained three distinct forms, one of which must, I think, be henceforth placed with Sospita, as it shows a very great resemblance to the latter in neuration and in other less important structural details. These forms may be distinguished as follows:

:

Genus TAXILA.

1. Alæ subtrigonate; postica angulo anali producto et a cauda brevi tenui terminato; cella anticarum elongata, apice paulo concavo, posticarum breviore lata: corpus robustum, capite magno, antennis elongatis.

2. Alæ latæ, breves; anticæ subtrigonatæ, costa convexa, apice rotundato; postica margine postico convexo, sinuato (rarius medio minime producto*); cella anticarum brevi lata, apice paulo bisinuato, posticarum brevi, lata, venis disco-cellularibus specierum singularum plus minusve forma variantibus: corpus parvum, capite parvo, antennis brevioribus.--? SOSPITA, Hewit. 1. T. DRUPADI, Horsfield;

2. T. ORPHNA, Westwood+;

3. T. THIUSTA, Hewitson;

4. T. TENETA, Hewitson; cum aliis.

DICALLANEURA‡, gen. nov.

3. Alæ latæ, breves, anticæ marginibus convexis; posticæ costa convexa, margine postico minime sinuato et post medium cauda obtusa producto; cella anticarum lata, brevi, apice valde excavato, posticarum lata, brevi, venis disco-cellularibus obliquis: corpus robustum, capite magno, antennis elongatis.

*. T. drupadi, Horsfield.

†Three species are confounded under this name.
+ δίκαλλα, νεύρον.