Table IV shows the causes of withdrawal from the elementary and high school, the number withdrawing in 1909-10 for each cause in each school; the percentage of all withdrawals in each school due to each cause; it also shows the number of withdrawals in both schools due to each cause, and the percentage of all withdrawals in both schools due to each cause. Table V shows the normal age for completing each grade of the elementary school, the number of children in 1909-10 in each grade behind. one, two, three, four and more years, the total retarded in each grade, the enrollment in each grade, the percentage of retardation in each grade, and the percentage of total enrollment retarded; it also shows the total retarded one, two, three, four and more years, and the percentage of all retarded back one, two, three, four and more years. FIG. 3.-Black shows percentage of all children enrolled in each grade of the elementary and high schools of Cleveland in 1909-10 retarded one, two, three, or four and more years. Numbers indicate grade of elementary and class of high school. The normal ages in the above table for completing the work of a particular grade differ from the ages given by certain writers, notably Dr. Thorn The age of a child is determined with reference to the last birthday previous to opening school in September. Per cent of Non-Promotions. 17.24 10.18 8.02 9.54 Sixth Seventh Eighth Total First Second Third Fourth Total 154 132 98 58 442 2,630 1,454 1,033 879 5,996 67,664 7,188 10.94 5.85 9.07 9.48 6.59 7.37 10.62 * Exclusive of all special schools. dyke and Dr. Ayres. The normal ages according to Dr. Ayres are as fol Table VI shows the number of non-promotions in each grade of the elementary and in each class of the high school, the enrollment and percentage of non-promotions in each grade and class; it also shows the total number of non-promotions, the enrollment, and the percentage of the enrollment non-promoted for the elementary and the high school; also the same for both taken together. Table VII shows the causes of non-promotion in the elementary and high school, the number non-promoted in 1909–10 for each cause in each school, the percentage of non-promotions in each school due to each cause; it also shows the number of non-promotions in both schools due to each cause, and the percentage of non-promotions in both schools due to each Table VIII shows the amount of repetition in the elementary and high school for the year 1909-10. ADJUSTING THE SCHOOL TO ITS WORK The school exists for the accomplishment of definite results. The social conditions determining the ends and purposes of the school undergo change. These changes necessitate corresponding adjustments of the school to its work. DETERMINING THE LENGTH OF SCHOOL YEAR The opportunity which a municipality offers to its youth to gain an education within a reasonable period of time, is determined in part by the |