The above table shows all the factory and workshop industries of the State employing women and children at anything other than clerical or office work. The number of establishments included in these seventy-five industries is 2,329, which leaves only 295 establishments included in the entire compilation that does not employ such labor, and in which, therefore, the work is all performed by men.

In these seventy-five industries, 68.95 per cent. of the working force is composed of men, 29.45 per cent. women and 1.60 per cent. children. In thirty-eight of these seventy-five industries, women furnish from 20 to 98 per cent of the total working force, but among none of them does the proportion of children exceed 7 per cent. of the total, while thirty-six show proportions of less than 1 per cent.

The number of women and children per 1,000 employed in these seventy-five industries is shown on the following table for 1914 in comparison with the same data for 1913:

The comparison presented by the above table shows that of every 1,000 wage earners employed in these seventy-five industries there were in 1914, 690 males, 294 females and 16 children. In 1913 the division showed 728 males, 252 females and 20 children. The number of males shows a decrease, for 1914, of 38, the number of females an increase of 42, and the number of children a decrease of 4, as compared with 1913.

For several years back the tendency has been toward an increase in the proportion of male labor, and a corresponding decrease in that of females, although the gain has seldom amounted to more than a small fraction of one per cent. until the present year. The reversal of the tendency, as shown by the above figures, should not be regarded as indicating any serious displacement of male by female labor, which is not the case. The increase in the proportion of female labor is due primarily to the factory legislation of 1914 regarding children, which, as explained before, reduced the number employed in factories and correspondingly increased the number of women 16 years of age and over. The balance was also influenced to some extent by the fact that the industries employing large numbers of women were less affected by the industrial depression experienced by practically all industries during the early part of 1914.

Those who may desire to investigate female and child labor in this State will find in this table a complete list of all factory and workshop occupations in which they are employed, together with details of numbers and percentages required for a full understanding of the subject.

Taking up again the consideration of wage earners employed without distinction of sex or age, the numbers reported by the

"twenty-five selected industries are shown in the following table in comparison with similar data for 1913. "Other industries" and "all industries" are likewise compared, and increases or decreases are shown in absolute numbers and equivalent percentages.

The totals on the above table show the average number of wage earners employed in the "twenty-five selected industries" to have been 187,926 in 1914, and 191,090 in 1913; the falling off in the number employed in 1914 is, therefore, 3,164, or 1.7 per cent. "Other industries" show a decrease in 1914 of 4,220, or almost exactly 3.0 per cent., and "all industries" show a falling off for the same year of 7,384 wage earners, or about 2.2 per cent. of the total number employed.

Only four of the "twenty-five industries" show increases in the average number of wage earners employed during the year 1914, and twenty-one show decreases. The largest increase, 36.4 per cent., is shown by the "silk goods industry," and the

smallest, 0.4 per cent., by the "chemical products" industry. The very remarkable increase in the manufacture of silk goods shows that the industry has recovered fully from the depression caused by the strike which tied the industry up during the greater part of 1913.

Table No. 5 shows for each industry the average number of wage earners, men, women and children employed, by months. The fluctuations of employment in each industry are shown by the table, the periods of greatest and least activity being indicated by those months during which the greatest and smallest number of persons, respectively, were employed.

The last division of this table is a summary showing the average number of wage earners employed in all industries by months, which will show at a glance the state of employment throughout the year, as indicated by the number employed for each of the twelve months. The period of greatest activity is shown by this summary to have been the month of April, when the number of wage earners on the pay rolls was 337,365, and the period of least activity was December, when 310,211 were employed. Considering the three classes of wage earners separately, the summary of Table No. 5 shows April to have been the month during which employment for men was most abundant, while March was the most prosperous month for women and children. December was the period of least employment for all three classes of wage earners.

Table No. 6 shows the total wages paid during the year 1914 by each of the eighty-nine general industries, and also the average per capita earnings of persons engaged in them as wage earners. Salaries of officers, superintendents, managers, clerks, salesmen, etc., are not included. The average earnings apply to all three classes of wage earners-men, women and children, and are arrived at by the simple process of dividing the total amount paid as wages in each industry by the number of persons employed, but officials or employes whose compensation is fixed by the year and not subject to deduction on account of lost time or any other cause, are excluded from the totals and averages.

As a matter of course, the highest average yearly earnings are shown by the industries employing few or no women or children, such as "brewery products," with a yearly average of $962.94, the highest of all; "furnaces, ranges and heaters,"

with an average of $842.39; "cornices and skylights," with an average of $827.98, and “quarrying stone," with an average of $825.22, are next in importance to breweries as wage-paying industries. There are nine other industries showing average yearly earnings in excess of $700, but under $800, all of them of the class known as men's occupations, a large proportion of the workmen being skilled mechanics.

Among the eighty-nine general industries shown on the table, there are twenty-six in which average yearly earnings are less than $500; twenty-three in which the average is more than $500. but under $600; twenty-five in which the average is more than $600, but under $700, and fifteen in which the average earnings are more than $700 a year.

A comparison is made on the following table of earnings for 1914 and 1913, in each of the "twenty-five selected industries," in "other industries" and "all industires." The increases and decreases are shown numerically and by percentages.