Oil Shale

amount ash deposits ash fields ash fractions ash particles ash samples Balti boiler load bottom ash calcium carbonate decomposition CFB boilers CFBC ashes CFBC/BA chemical chlorine combustion technology combustion temperature composition compounds concentration consumption convective decrease dioxin efficiency electrostatic precipitator environmental Estonia Estonian Academy Publishers Estonian oil shale excess air factor extent of carbonate extent of sulfur flue gas fluidized bed combustion fly ash formation free CaO furnace gas passes heating surfaces heating value high-temperature hydrogen chloride increase INTREX Narva Power Plants nitrogen oxides oil shale ash oil shale boiler oil shale combustion oil shale fired organic matter oxygen PF ashes PF boilers PF/BA polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons portlandite present primary energy pulverized firing ratio reactions sonic cleaning spherical particles sulfation sulfur capture sulfur oxides superheater Tallinn University Thermal Engineering Tiikma trace elements University of Technology wood fuel