etc.

MARZIALS, Frank Thomas; AccountantGeneral of the Army since 1898; entered War Office during Crimean war; author of 'Lives of Dickens and Victor Hugo, collaborating also in the 'Life of Thackeray, 'Life of Gambetta, (F. T. M.) MASKELYNE, J. Nevil; of the Egyptian Hall, London; author of 'Sharps and Flats.' (J. N. M.) MASON, Otis Tufton, A.M., Ph.D.; Curator Ethnology, U.S. Nat. Museum, Washington; author of 'The Hupa Indians,' 'Woman's Share in Primitive Culture,' 'Cradles of the North American Indians,' 'The Antiquities of Guadeloupe,' etc. (O. T. M.) MATHEWS, George Ballard, M.A., F.R.S.; late Professor of Mathematics, University Coll. of Wales; formerly Fellow of St John's Coll., Cambridge; author of 'A Treatise on Bessel Functions (part), 'Theory of Numbers,' etc. (G. B. M.) MATTHEWS, Brander, LL.B., D.C.L., A.M.; Professor of English, Columbia Uni versity; author of French Dramatists of the Nineteenth Century,' 'Introduction to the Study of American Literature,' 'Aspects of Fiction and Other Ventures in Criticism,' etc. (B. M.) MATTHEWS, George Edward, A.B.; editor of "The Buffalo Express,' Buffalo, N.Y. (G. E. M.) MAURICE, Maj.-Gen. Sir John Fred. erick, K.C.B.; commanded Woolwich District, 1895-1901; Ashanti Campaign, 1873-74; South Africa, 1879; Zulu Campaign, 1880; Egyptian Expedition, 1882; Intelligence Dept. War Office; Sudan, 1884; A.Q.M.G.; Nile, 1885; Professor of Military History, Staff College, Aldershot, 1892-93; commanding R.A., Colchester, 189395; Maj.-Gen., Dec. 1895; author of 'War,' in Ninth Edition of 'Ency. Brit.,' 'Life of Frederick Denison Maurice,' 'Hostilities without Declaration of War,' 'Balance of Military Power in Europe,' 'War,' 'National Defences.' (J. F. M*.) MAUS, Octave; editor of 'L'Art Moderne,' Brussels. (O. M*.) MAXWELL, William H., A.M.I.C.E.;

Borough and Waterworks Engineer, Tunbridge Wells Corporation; author of The Removal and Disposal of Town Refuse,' 'Destructors and Steam Production,' etc. (W. H. MA.) MAYO-SMITH, Richmond, Ph.D., the late; Professor of Political Economy, Columbia University, New York; author of Emigration and Immigration,' 'Sociology and Statistics,' etc. (R. M.-S.) MEAD, Hon. Elwood: in charge of Irrigation Investigations, U.S. Department of Agriculture. (E. M*.) MEAKIN, Budgett, author of "The Moorish Empire,' etc. (B. M*.) MEISSAS, Gaston; memb. Société de Géographie; author of 'Marseilles,' and (part) of Paris, in the Ninth Edition of the 'Ency. Brit.,' 'Grands Voyageurs de notre Siècle,' etc. (G. ME.)

war corre

MERCATELLI, Luigi, late spondent in Abyssinia of 'La Tribuna.' (L. ME.) MERRIFIELD, Webster, LL.D.; Presi dent and Professor of Political Economy, State University of North Dakota. (W. Ms.) MERRILL, Hon. Frederick James Hamilton, Ph.D.; Director of N.Y. State Museum, Albany, N.Y., N.Y. State Geologist; Fellow Am. Ass. Adv. Science and Geol. Soc. of America; Member Am. Inst. Mining Engineers, Am. Soc. of Naturalists, Nat. Geol. Soc., etc. (F. J. H. M.) MIDDLETON, R. E., M.I.C.E., M.I.M.E.; Fellow of the Sanitary Inst., Fellow of Sur

veyors' Inst., etc.; late Engineer-in-Charge of Surveying of Forth Bridge; Instructor in Surveying, Central Tech. Coll., S. Kensington; Lecturer on Waterworks, Engineering and Sewage, Univ. Coll., London; part author of 'A Treatise on Surveying,' etc. (R. E. M.) MIJATOVICH, Chedomille: Senator of the kingdom of Servia since 1875; Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary of the King of Servia to the Court of St James, 1895-1900; transferred to Constantinople, 1900; Minister of Finance and Commerce of Servia, 1873; Minister of Foreign Affairs and Finance, 1880; Servian Minister to the Court of St James, 1884; Servian Plenipotentiary for the conclusion of peace with Bulgaria, 1886; Member of Royal Servian Academy of Science; corresponding member of South Slavonic Academy; hon. member of Royal Hist. Soc. London; author of several publications in Servian on Political Economy, Finances, History of Commerce, and History of Servia in Fifteenth Century; novels-'Rayko of Ras

sina,' 'Ikoniya, the Mother of the Vezier,' | etc., Constantine the last Emperor of the Greeks, Ancestors of the House of Orange.' (C. MI.)

Brit.,'

MILL, Hugh Robert, D.Sc. (Edin.), LL.D. (St Andrews), F.R.S.G.S., F.R.G.S., F.R.Met.Soc.; Director of British Rainfall Organization, and editor of 'Symons' Meteorological Magazine' since 1901; Hon. Corresponding Member of the Geographical Societies of Paris, Berlin, Amsterdam, Budapest, Brisbane, and Philadelphia; Recorder of Section E, British Association, 1893-99; President, Section E, 1901; British Delegate to International Conference on the Exploration of the Sea, at Christiania, 1901; author of 'Rainband,' 'Rain-gauge,' 'Thermometer,'Whirlpool,' in Ninth Edition of 'Ency. 'Realm of Nature,' 'The Clyde Sea Area, "The English Lakes,' 'Hints on the Choice of Geographical Books,' 'New Lands,' 'The International Geography,' etc. (H. R. M.) MILLINGEN, Alexander Van, M.A.; Robert College, Constantinople; author of 'Byzantine Constantinople,' etc. (A. VAN M.) MILMAN, Sir Archibald John Scott, K.C.B., the late; Clerk of the House of Commons 1900, retired 1902; entered service of House of Commons in 1857; promoted Second Clerk Assistant, 1870; Clerk Assistant, 1886-1900. (A. J. S. M.) MILNE, John, F.R.S., F.G.S.; twenty years employed by Japanese Govt. as geologist and mining engineer; established the Seismic Survey of Japan; designer of seismographs and instruments to record vibrations on railways, etc.; author of Earthquakes,' 'Seismology, 'Crystallography,' etc. (J. MI.) MILTON, James Tayler, M.I.C.E.; Chief Engineer Surveyor, Lloyd's Register of Shipping; Member of Inst. of Naval Architects and of the Iron and Steel Inst., etc. (J. T. MI.) MINCHIN, E. A., M.A., F.Z.S.; Jodrell

etc.

Professor of Zoology and Comparative Anatomy, Univ. Coll., London; late Fellow of Merton Coll., Oxford; late Lecturer Comp. Anatomy, Oxford; late Lecturer in Biology, Guy's Hospital; author of 'Sponges, (E. A. M.) MITCHELL, Hugh; of Gibraltar; Barristerat-Law, Inner Temple. (H. M*.) MITCHELL, Peter Chalmers, D.Sc., M.A., F.Z.S.; Lecturer on Biology at the London Hospital Medical College; University Demonstrator in Comparative Anatomy, and assistant to Linacre Professor at Oxford, 188891; Lecturer on Biology at Charing Cross Hospital, 1892-94; at London Hospital, 1894; examiner in Biology to the R.C.P. 1892-96; author of 'Outlines of Biology,' 'The Biological Problem of To-day' (translated), Thomas Henry Huxley,' etc. (P. C. M.) MONCKTON, Lionel; composer, and musical critic to the Daily Telegraph.' (L. M.) MONKHOUSE, William Cosmo, the late Assistant Secretary (Finance) Board of Trade; served on several Departmental Committees and Committee on the Mercantile Marine Fund, 1894-96; author of 'The Christ upon the Hill,' 'A Question of Honour,' 'The Earlier English Water-Colour Painters,' 'The Italian Pre-Raphaelites,' 'British Contem(C. Mo.) porary Artists,' etc. MONTAGU, Sir Samuel; head of the banking firm of Samuel Montagu and Co., London; member of Gold and Silver Commission, 1887-90; author of magazine articles on Finance, Decimal Currency, Weights and Measures, etc. (S. M.) MOORE, Hon. John Bassett, LL.D.; Professor International Law and Diplomacy, Columbia University, New York; author 'Extradition and Inter-State Rendition," International Arbitrations,' etc. (J. B. M*.) MORENO, Dr Francesco P.; donor and director of the La Plata Museum, Buenos Aires; repr. in Great Britain of the Argentine in connexion with Chilian Argentine Boundary Dispute; author of 'La Plata,' etc. (F. P. M.) MORFILL, William Richard, M.A.; Professor of Russian and the other Slavonic languages, Oxford; Curator of the Taylor Institution, Oxford; author of 'Russia' (History and Literature) in Ninth Edition of Ency. Brit.' (W. R. M.) MORSE, John Torrey, Jr.; sometime Lecturer on History, Harvard University; author of biographies of Alexander Hamilton, Abraham Lincoln, John Quincy Adams, Thomas Jefferson, etc., and of The Life and Letters of Oliver Wendell Holmes.' (J. T. Mo.) MORTON, Hon. Julius Sterling (the late); sometime U.S. Secretary of Agriculture and President of Nebraska State Historical Society. (J. S. M*.)

MOSCA, Gaetano; Professor of Constitutional Law, Turin, Italy. (G. Mo.) MOSCHINI, V.; Mayor of Padua. (V. Mo.) MOTT, Frederick Walker, M.D., B.S Lond., F.R.C.P., F.R.S.; Physician to OutPatients, Charing Cross Hospital; Pathothe London County Asylums; logist to Croonian Lecturer, Royal College of Physicians, 1900. (F. W. Mo.)

MUIR, John, A.M., LL.D.; U.S. Explorer and Naturalist; discoverer of the Muir glacier, Alaska; author of The Mountains of California' and of numerous articles on the natural history of the Pacific Coast, Alaska, etc.: Editor 'Picturesque California.' (J. Mu*.) MUIR, Robert, M.A., M.D., C.M.; Professor of Pathology, University of Glasgow; Examiner in Pathology, Oxford; senior assistant to the Prof. of Pathology, Edinburgh, and Pathologist to Edinburgh Royal Infirmary, 1892; Lecturer on Pathological Bacteriology, Edinburgh, 1894; Professor of Pathology, St Andrews, 1898-99; author of Manual of Bacteriology' (with Dr J. Ritchie), 'Scientific Papers,' etc. (R. Mo*.) MUNRO, Wilfred H.; A.M., Professor of European History, Brown University, (W. H. MU.)

R.I.

MURPHY, Shirley Forster, M.D., M.R.C.S.; Medical Officer of Health, Administrative County of London; Corresp. Mem. Soc. Sweden, and of Roy. Soc. Hygiene, Italy; author of 'Infectious Disease and its Prevention,' editor of 'Our Homes and How to make them Healthy,' etc. (S. F. M.) MURRAY, Sir George Herbert, K.C.B.; Secretary to the Post Office since 1899; entered Foreign Office, 1873; transferred to Treasury, 1880; private secretary to Mr Gladstone and Earl of Rosebery when Prime Minister; Chairman Board of Inland Revenue, 189799. (G. H. M.) MUTHER, Dr Richard, Professor of Art History, University of Breslau; author of 'The History of Modern Painting,' 'The Oldest German Picture Bibles,' 'Gothic and Early Renaissance Illustrations of German Books,' 'A Century of French Painting,' etc. (R. MR.) MYRES, J. L.; Student and tutor of Christ Church, Oxford; author of A Catalogue of the Cyprus Museum.' (J. L. M.)

N

NAIRNE, Rev. Alexander, M.A.; Professor of Hebrew and Old Testament Exegesis in King's Coll., Lond.; Fellow of Jesus Coll., Cambridge, 1887-93; Vice-Principal of Clergy Training School, 1887-89. (A. N*.) NANSEN, Fridtjof, D.Sc., LL.D., D.C.L., Ph.D.; went to Greenland Sea, 1882; curator in Natural History Museum, Bergen; went across Greenland, 1888-89; curator Museum of Comparative Anatomy, Christiania University; made his North Pole Expedition, in which he reached the highest latitude until then attained (86 deg. 175 m.), 1893-96; Prof. of Zoology, Christiania University; author of 'Across Greenland, Eskimo Life, Farthest North, "The Norwegian North Polar Expedition," 'Scientific Results,' etc. (F. N.) NASH, James Okey, M.A., of the Community of the Resurrection. (J. O. N.) NATHAN, Major F. L., R.A.; Superintendent of the Royal Gunpowder Factory, Waltham Abbey. (F. L. N.) NATHAN, Major Matthew, C.M.G., R.E.; Governor of Gold Coast; served in Nile Expedition, 1885; Lushai Expedition, 1889; Sec. Col. Defence Com. 1895-1900; administered Government Sierra Leone, 1899. (M. N.) NELSON, William Rockhill, Editor-inChief of the 'Kansas City Star,' Kansas City, Mo. (W. R. N.) NEWCOMB, Prof. Simon, Ph.D., LL.D., D.Sc., U.S. D. Nat. Phil.; Superintendent Nautical Almanac; Foreign Mem. Royal Society, London; Assoc. Institute of France, etc.; author of 'Moon' in Ninth Edition of 'Ency. Brit.,' 'Popular Astronomy,' etc. editor of ; 'American Journal of Mathematics." (S. N.) NEWELL, Frederick Haynes; Hydrographer of the U.S. Geol. Survey; author of Agriculture by Irrigation,' 'Hydrography of the United States,' etc. (F. H. N.) NEWSOM, George Ernest, M.A.; VicePrincipal of King's College, London. (G. E. N.) NEWTON, Henry G., M.A., LL.B.: Referee in Bankruptcy, New Haven, Conn. (H. G. N.) NISBET, C. (C. N.)

NORTON, Charles Eliot, LL.D.; Professor

of the History of Art, Harvard; Dante scholar and translator; author of 'Church Buildings in the Middle Ages'; editor of Letters of James Russell Lowell,' 'Correspondence of Carlyle and Emerson, Writings of George William Curtis,' etc. (C. E. N.) NORTON, Professor Richard N.; American School of Archæology, Rome. (R. N. N.) NOTTER, Col. J. Lane, M.A., M.D., R.A.M.C., F.C.S.; late Prof. of Military Hygiene, Netley; author of "The Theory and Practice of Hygiene,' etc. (J. L. N.)

O'DONOGHUE, Freeman M., F.S.A.; Assistant Keeper of Prints, British Museum; author of 'Catalogue of the Collection of Playing Cards bequeathed to the British Museum by Lady Charlotte Schneber,' 'A Descriptive and Classified Catalogue of the Portraits of Queen Elizabeth,' etc. (F. M. O'D.) O'NEILL, Eneas; Assistant Correspondent of 'The Times,' Vienna. (Æ. O'N.) late:

ORDE-BROWNE, Capt. C., the

author of 'Armour and its Attack by Artillery,' 'Short Notes on Field Batteries,' 'Ammunition for Rifled Ordnance,' etc. (C. O.-B.) OWEN, Capt. C. R. B., R.A.; late Professor of Artillery, Ordnance College; Assist. Superintendent, Roy. Carriage Dept., Woolwich Arsenal. (C. R. B. O.) OWEN, Edmund, M.B. Lond., F.R.C.S.; Senior Surgeon to St Mary's Hospital, London, and Consulting Surgeon to the Children's Hos pital, Great Ormond Street; Member of the Council, and late Member of the Court of Examiners of Royal College of Surgeons; Examiner in Surgery at the Universities of Cambridge and of London; Knight of Grace of the Order of St John of Jerusalem; Corresponding Member of the Imperial Medical Military Academy of St Petersburg, of the Canadian Medical Association, and of the Association of American Orthopedic Surgeons; Hon. Surgeon to the Royal Society of Musicians; late President of the Medical Society of London; author of A Manual of Anatomy for Senior Students, 'The Surgical Diseases of Children.'

P

(E. O*.)

PAGET, Sir John R., Bart., LL.B., K.C.; Gilbart Lecturer on Banking. (J. R. P*.) PAGET, Stephen, F.R.C.S.; Surgeon to West London Hospital; Surgeon to Throat and Ear Department, Middlesex Hospital; author of 'The Surgery of the Chest,' 'John Hunter,' 'Ambroise Paré and his Times,' Experiments on Animals,' 'Memoirs and Letters of Sir James Paget.' (S. P.) PALGRAVE, Robert Harry Inglis, F.R.S.; editor of 'Economist,' 1877-83; author of The Local Taxation of Great Britain and Ireland,' 'Notes on Banking in Great Britain and Ireland, Sweden, Denmark, and Hamburg,' 'An Analysis of the Transactions of the Bank of England for the years 1844-72,' 'Bank Rate in England, France, and Germany, 18441878'; editor of 'Dictionary of Political Economy.' (R. H. L. P.) PAPILLON, Rev. Thomas Leslie, M.A.; late Fellow of Merton Coll. and of New Coll.,

Oxford; author of A Manual of Comparative
Philology'; editor Dean Bradley's Aids to
Writing Latin Prose,' etc.
(T. L. P.)
PARKIN, George Robert, LL.D., C.M.G.;

Principal of Upper Canada College, Toronto,
Canada; author of 'Imperial Federation,
'Round the Empire,' 'The Great Dominion,'
'Life and Letters of Edward Thring.' (G. R. P.)

PARSONS, William Barclay: Chief En-
gineer of the Underground Railway, New York
City.
(W. B. P.)
PASCO, Hon. Samuel; Member of the Nicara-
gua Canal Commission, United States Senator
from the State of Florida, 1887-99. (S. PA.)

Expedition; British Commissioner under Anglo- | Chinese Convention of 1890; Deputy Commissioner of Darjeeling. (A. W. P.) PEACH, Capt, E., Indian Staff Corps; author of 'Tactics-Savage Warfare,' etc. (E. P.) PEARSON, Karl, M.A., LL.B., F.R.S.; Professor of Applied Mathematics and Mechanics, University College, London; Gresham Professor of Geometry, 1892-94; Darwin Medal Royal Society, 1898; author of 'Grammar of Science,' 'Enlarged Grammar of Science,' 'The Chances of Death, and other Studies in Evolution,' 'The Ethic of Freethought,' 'Die Fronica, ก History of the Mediæval Portraits of Christ,' etc. (K. P.) PELSENUR, PAUL, D.Sc. (Brussels); cor. member of the Royal Belgian Academy of Science; member of the Belgian Committee of Mariculture; Professor in the Normal School, Ghent; lecturer, Brussels University; author of Introduction à l'Etude des Mollusques,' 'Report on the Pteropoda,' 'The Anatomy of the Deep-Sea Mollusca,' etc. (P. P.) PEMBREY, Marcus Seymour, M.A., M.D.; Lecturer in Physiology, Guy's Hospital Medical School. (M. S. P.) PENDEREL - BRODHURST, James George Joseph; editor of 'Land,' 1881-83, assistant editor of St James's Gazette,' 188893, editor of 'St James's Budget,' 1889-98; author of 'The Life and Times of King Edward VII.,' part author of 'The Royal River and Abbeys and Churches of England and Wales.' (J. G. J. P.-B.)

PENNELL, Joseph, artist; author of 'A Canterbury Pilgrimage," An Italian Pilgrimage, 'Two Pilgrims' Progress,' 'Our Sentimental Journey through France and Italy,' 'Pen Drawing and Pen Draughtsmen,' 'Our Journey to the Hebrides,' 'The Stream of Pleasure,' The Jew at Home,' 'Play in Provence, 'Modern Illustration,' 'The Illustration of Books, 'The Work of Charles Keene,' 'Lithography and Lithographers.' (J. P*.)

PERSHING, James H., A.B.; Lecturer on International Law in the University of Denver, and Professor of Medical Jurisprudence in Gross Medical College, Denver. (J. H PE.) PETERSON, Frederick, Ph.D., M.D.; Presi dent New York Neurological Society and President of the Board of Managers of Craig Colony for Epileptics, Chief of Clinic, Department of Neurology, Columbia University. (F. P*.) PETRIE, William Matthew Flinders, D.C.L., Litt. D., LL.D., Ph.D.; Edwards Professor of Egyptology, University Coll. London; surveying British remains, 1875-80; excavating in Egypt, 1880-1901; author of 'Pyramid,' 'Weights and Measures,' in Ninth Edition of 'Ency. Brit., Stonehenge,' 'Pyramids and Temples of Gizeh,' 'Season in Egypt,' 'Racial Portraits, Historical Scarabs,' Ten Years' Digging,' 'History of Egypt,' 'Tel el Amarna,' 'Egyptian Tales,' 'Decorative Art,' 'Six Temples at Thebes,' 'Religion and Conscience in Ancient Egypt,' 'Syria and Egypt,' 'Royal Tombs of the First Dynasty,' 'Royal Tombs of the Earliest Dynasties,' etc. (W. M. F. P.) PFEIL, Count Joachim Von, one of the founders of German East Africa; sometime resident in Bismarck Archipelago; author of 'The Founding of the Boer States,' 'Studies and Observations in the South Seas,' etc. (J. VON P.) PHELAN, Hon. James Duval; Mayor of San Francisco, 1896-1901. (J. D. P.) PHILLIMORE, George Grenville, M.A., B.C.L.; Barrister-at-Law of the Middle Temple. (G. G. P*.) Sir Walter George PHILLIMORE, Frank, Bt., D.C.L., LL.D.; Judge of the King's Bench Div.; author of 'Book of Church Law,' 2nd ed. of Phillimore's Ecclesiastical Law, 3rd ed. of vol. iv. of Phillimore's International Law.' (W. G. F. P.) PHILLIPS, R. W., M.A., D.Sc., F.L.S.; Professor of Botany in the University Coll. of North Wales; author of Memoirs on the Physiology of Plants,' 'Morphology of the Algae,' etc. (R. W. P.) R.A. (A. H. C. P.) PINCHOT, Gifford, B.A.; Forester of the U.S. Department of Agriculture, Special Lecturer in the Forest School, Yale Univ.; author of The White Pine.' (G. P.) PITMAN, Charles Murray; stroke of the Oxford Eight, 1893-95. Author of articles on Rowing. (C. M. P.) PITT, Walter, M.I.C.E., M.I.M.E.; Member of the Committee of International Maritime Conference (London), etc. (W. P*.)

PHILLPOTTS, Col. A. H. C.,

etc.

POLLEN, John Hungerford, M.A.; Examiner for Art, South Kensington; Fellow of Merton Coll., Oxford; Professor of Fine Arts in Catholic University of Dublin; Cantor Lecturer, Society of Arts, 1885; author of 'Carving,'' Filigree,' 'Furniture,' in Ninth Edition of Ency. Brit., Ancient and Modern Furniture and Woodwork,' Ancient and Modern Gold- and Silver-smiths' Work, 'The Trojan Column,' (J. H. P.) POLLOCK, Sir Frederick, Bt., LL.D., D.C.L.; Corpus Professor of Jurisprudence, Oxford; editor of the Law Reports from 1895; Fellow Trin. Coll., Camb. 1868; Corresponding member Institute of France, 1894; Professor of Jurisprudence, University Coll., London, 188283; Professor of Common Law in the Inns of Court, 1884-90; member Royal Labour Commission, 1891-94; author of 'Sword,' 'Tort' in Ninth Edition of 'Ency. Brit.,' 'Principles of Contract,' 'The Law of Torts,' Digest of the Law of Partnership,' 'The Land Laws,'' History of English Law,' 'Spinoza, Life and Philosophy,' 'A First Book of Jurisprudence,' 'The Etchingham Letters, 1899 (with E. Fuller Maitland). (F. Po.) POORE, George Vivian, M.D.; Professor of Medicine and Clinical Medicine, University College, London; medical attendant to late Prince Leopold, Duke of Albany, 1870-71; and Prince of Wales, 1872; received Dannebrog for professional services to the Princess Thyra, Duchess of Cumberland, 1872; Physician University Coll. Hospital, 1876; Secretary-General of Sanitary Congress, 1891, etc.; author of Essays on Rural Hygiene,' 'A Treatise on Medical Jurisprudence.' (G. V. P.) PORTER, W. Haldane, B.A.; Barrister, Middle Temple; Chancellor's English Essay, Oxford, 1893. (W. H. Po.) POST, George B.; Architect; Member of the Am. Society of Civil Engineers. (G. B. P.) POTTER, Rt. Rev. Henry Codman, D.D., LL.D.; Bishop of the Diocese of New York; author of 'The Church and Her Children, 'The Scholar and the State,' etc. (H. C. P.) POULTON, Edward Bagnall, M.A., D.Sc.;

Hon. LL.D. Princeton, F.R.S.; Hope Professor of Zoology, Oxford; Fellow of Jesus Coll., Oxford; Member of Council of Royal Society, 1897-99; Member of Hebdomadal Council of Oxford; Demonstrator in Anatomical Department of University Museum, 1877-79; Lecturer in Natural Science, and tutor of Keble College, Oxford, 1880-89: Lecturer in Natural Science, Jesus College, Oxford, 1880-88; author of 'The Colours of Animals, Charles Darwin and the Theory of Natural Selection,' many memoirs on Zoological Subjects in the Proceedings and Transactions of the Royal, Linnæan, Zoological, Entomological, and other learned Societies. (E. B. P.) POWELL, F. York, M.A.; Regius Professor of Modern History, Oxford; Student of Ch. Ch., Oxford; author of 'Icelandic Language,' etc., in Ninth Edition of 'Ency. Brit.,'Alfred the Great and William the Conqueror,' 'History of England to 1509.' (F. Y. P.) POYNTING, John Henry, D.Sc., F.R.S.; late Fellow of Trin. Coll., Camb.; Professor of Physics and Dean of the Faculty of Science, Birmingham University; author of the Adams Prize Essay (1891) on the Mean Density of the Earth, A Text-Book of Physics' (with Professor J. J. Thomson), and various physical papers. (J. H. P*.) PRINCE, Hon. L. Bradford, LL.D.; Presi dent of the Bureau of Immigration of the territory of New Mexico, Santa Fé, New Mexico; ex-Governor of the State of New Mexico; President of the New Mex. Hist. Soc.; author of 'New Mexico' in Ninth Edition of 'Ency. Brit.' (L. B. PR.) PROCTER, Hon. John Robert, President U.S. Civil Service Commission, Washington, D.C.; Geologist State of Kentucky, 1880-1893; author of Kentucky' in Ninth Edition of 'Ency. Brit.' (J. R. P.) PROUT, Major Henry Gosler, editor of "The Railroad Gazette, New York; sometime Governor of the Provinces of the Equator, Africa, and Colonel of Engineers, Army of the Khedive. (H. G. P.) PROWSE, Daniel Wodley, K.C., LL.D., D.C.L.; retired Judge Central District Court of Newfoundland; appointed Judge Central District Court, 1869; Commissioner for the Consolidation of Colonial laws; Chairman Board of Health, 1893-96; author of History of Newfoundland,' 'Manual for Magistrates in Newfoundland,' numerous pamphlets and newspaper articles. (D. W. P.) PULLAN, Rev. Leighton, Fellow of St John's Coll., Oxford; author of 'History of

etc.

Early Christianity,' 'Lectures on Religion,' (L. P.) PURSER, F., M.A., M.R.I.A.; Fellow of Trinity Coll., Dublin, and Professor of Natural Philosophy, University of Dublin. (F. PU.) PURSER, J., M.A., D.Sc., LL.D., M.R.I.A.; emeritus Professor of Mathematics, Queen's Coll., Belfast. (J. PU.) PUTNAM, George Haven, A.M., Litt.D.; Head of the publishing House of G. P. Putnam's Sons, N.Y.; led in reorganizing, 1887, the American Copyright League, and was its secretary during the movement for International Copyright which resulted in the Copyright Bill of 1891; Received Cross of the Legion of Honour from France, 1891; author of 'Question of Copyright,' Books and their Makers in the Middle Ages,' etc. (G. H. P*.) PUTNAM, Hon. Herbert, Librarian of Congress, Washington, D.C. (H. P.) PYLE, Joseph Gilpin; editor of the 'PostIntelligencer,' Seattle, Washington; author of 'Minnesota in Ninth Edition of Ency. Brit.' (J. G. P.)

Q

QUILLER - COUCH, Arthur Thomas, B.A.; Lecturer Classics Trin. Coll., Oxford, 1886-87; author of 'Dead Man's Rock,' 'Troy Town,' 'The Splendid Spur,' 'Noughts and Crosses,' 'The Delectable Duchy,' 'Adventures in Criticism,' 'The Oxford Book of English Verse,' 'The Laird's Luck,' finished R. L. Stevenson's uncompleted novel 'St Ives,' etc. (A. T. Q.-C.)

R

RADAU, R.; Membre de l'Académie des Sciences et du Bureau des Longitudes, Paris; writer on Astronomy, etc., part author of Géologie d'Ethiopie,' etc. (R. RA.) RAIKES, His Honour Judge Francis William, LL.D., K.C.; Judge of County Court (Hull); three years in Merchant Service, then passed into Royal Navy first; called to the Bar, 1873; author of 'The New Practice' (with Mr Justice Kennedy); 'Jurisdiction and Practice of County Courts in Admiralty' (with Mr Kilburn), 'Both to Blame,' paper read at Brussels International Law Conference, 1895; and various papers on Maritime Law,' translations and editions of the 'Maritime Codes of Europe,' etc. (F. W. RA.) RAMBAUT, Arthur Alcock, M.A. (Dub. and Oxon.); D.Sc., F.R.S., F.R.Á.S.; Radcliffe Observer, Oxford; Assistant Astronomer Trinity College, Dublin, at Dunsink, 1882-92; Andrews Professor of Astronomy in the University of Dublin and Royal Astronomer of Ireland, 1892-97; author of various memoirs and papers on Astronomical subjects. (A. Á. R*.) RAMSAY,William Mitchell, D.C.L., LL.D. St And. and Glasgow, Litt.D. Camb.; Professor of Humanity, Aberdeen Univ.; Fellow of Exeter Coll.; Oxford, 1882; Lincoln Coll., Oxford, 1885; Professor of Classical Art in Oxford University, 1885; Levering Lecturer in Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, 1894; Foreign Member of Austrian Imperial and Royal Archæological Institute, 1900; author of 'Hermes, Illyria,' 'Jupiter,' 'Mysteries,' 'Oracle,' 'Phrygia,' 'Scio,' 'Sicyon,' 'Smyrna,' in Ninth Edition of 'Ency. Brit.,' 'The Historical Geography of Asia Minor,' 'The Church in the Roman Empire,' 'The Cities and Bishoprics of Phrygia,' 'St Paul the Traveller and the Roman Citizen,'' Was Christ born at Bethlehem?' 'Historical Commentary on Galatians.' (W. M. RA.) RASHDALL, Rev. Hastings, M.A., D.C.L.; Fellow and Tutor of New College, Oxford; Lecturer in St David's College, Lampeter, 1883; Tutor in the Univ. of Durham, 1884-88; Fellow and Lecturer of Hertford Coll., Oxford, 1888-95; Chaplain and Theological Tutor of Balliol Coll., 1894-95; author of The Universities of Europe in the Middle Ages,' 'Doctrine and Development' (with R. S. Rait), 'New College.' (H. RL.) RÁTH, Dr Zoltáu; Professor at the Royal Academy of Law, Kassa, Hungary; late of the Royal Hungarian Statistical Bureau; author of 'Evitzedünk egyenesadó-reform jairól.' (Z. R.) RAVENSTEIN, Ernest George; War

Office, Topographical (now Intelligence) Department, 1855-75; Council Royal Statistical Society, 1877-92; President, Section E, Brit. Assoc., 1891; Professor of Geography, Bedford Coll., 1882-83; author of 'The Russians on the Amur,' 'Geographie und Statistik des

Britischen Reiches,' 'Vasco da Gama's First |
Voyage,' 'Map, Equatorial Africa,' 'Systematic
Atlas.'
(E. G. R.)

RAYLEIGH, Lord, 3rd Baron, D.C.L.
(Hon. Oxon.), LL.D., D.Sc. (Camb. and Dublin),
F.R.S.; Professor of Natural Philosophy,
Royal Institution; Scientific Adviser to Trinity
House; Cavendish Professor of Experimental
Physics, Cambridge, 1879-84; Secretary of
Royal Society, 1887-96; author of 'Optics,'
'Wave Theory,' in Ninth Edition of 'Ency.
Brit.,' 'Theory of Sound,' numerous scientific
papers.
(R.)

REDWOOD,

Boverton, F.R.S.Ed., A.M.I.C.E., M.I.M.E.; Fellow of Inst. of Chemn.; V.P. and Mem. of Council and Publication Com., Soc. Chem. Ind.; Fellow of Chem. Geol. and R. Geog. Soc.; D.Sc. Ohio Normal University; Mein. of Am. Chem. Soc., and Am. Philosophical Soc. (honorary); Hon. Corres. Mein. Imperial Russian Technical Soc.; Chevalier of the Order of Leopold; Consulting Chemist, with special experience in the technology of petroleum; Adviser on Petroleum to the Home Office; Consulting Adviser to the Corporation of London under the Petroleum Acts; Chemical Adviser to the Oil Trade Section of the London Chamber of Commerce; member of several juries at International Inventions and Health Exhibitions, president of International Jury for lighting appliances and materials at Brussels Exhibition, 1897, and member of Jury, Paris Exhibition, 1900; author of 'Cantor Lectures on Petroleum and its Products,' 'Petroleum: its Production and Use,' 'Report (with Sir Frederick Abel) on Accidents with Mineral Oil Lamps,' 'Report (with Sir Frederick Abel) on the Transport of Petroleum through the Suez Canal,' The Transport of Petroleum in Bulk,' articles on the Petroleum Industry, and Lamps in Chemical Technology, 'A Treatise on Petroleum,' 'The Detection and Estimation of Inflammable Gases and Vapours in the Air' (with Professor Clowes), 'Handbook on Petroleum' (with Capt. J. H. Thomson). (B. R.) REEVES, Hon. William Pember, Agent. General for New Zealand; Member of Senate of University of London; edited the Canterbury Times,' and the 'Lyttelton Times'; Member of N.Z. Parliament, 1887-96; Minister of Education, Labour, and Justice, 1891-96; resigned position to become Agent-General for colony; author of "The Long White Cloud, a History of New Zealand,' 'An Introduction to the History of Communism and Socialism,' also volume of New Zealand verse. (W. P. R.) REICH, Emil, Dr. Juris, F.R. Hist.S.; author of History of Hungarian Literature,' 'History of Civilization,' 'Græco-Roman Institutions,' 'Historical Atlas of English History,' 'Historical Atlas of Modern History,' etc. (E. RE*.) REID, Clement, F.R.S., F.L.S., F.G.S.; geologist on survey of England and Wales; formerly secretary and recorder to the Geological Section of British Association; author of 'Pliocene Deposits of Britain,' 'Origin of the British Flora,' many contributions to geological journals. (C. R.) REID, Sir George, LL.D.,; President Royal Scottish Academy; author of 'Lithography,' 'Painting,' 'Turner,' in Ninth Edition of 'Ency. Brit.' (G. RE.) REID, Hon. Whitelaw, A.M., LL.D.; editor of the New York Tribune; Ex-U.S. Minister to France; author of 'Greeley,' 'Newspapers,' in Ninth Edition of 'Ency. Brit.' (W. R.) RENTON, A. Wood, LL.B.; Puisne Judge, Mauritius; author of 'Thurlow' in Ninth Edition of 'Ency. Brit.' (A. W. R.) RENWICK, I. P. A., M.A., LL.B.; assistant editor of the 'Statesman's Year Book.' (I. P. A. R.) REYNOLDS, Osborne, M.A., LL.D. Glasgow, F.R.S., M.I.C.E., Hon. Fellow Queens' Coll., Cambridge; Professor of Engineering, Owens College, Victoria University, Manchester; Fellow of Queens' College, Cambridge, 1877; President, Section G, British Association, 1887; author of upwards of sixty papers 'Mechanics and on original researches in Physics,' in the Philosophical Transactions and Proceedings of the Royal Society, etc. (O. R.) RHODES, Hon. Bradford; editor of 'The Banker's Magazine,' New York. (B. R*.) RHODES, James Ford, LL.D.; author of 'History of the United States from the Compromise to 1850.' (J. F. R.) RICHARDS, Robert Hallowell, Sc. B.; Professor of Mining, Engineering, and Metallurgy, Massachusetts Institute of Technology. (R. H. R.)

RICHARDSON, Charles Francis, A.M., Ph.D.; Professor of English, Dartmouth College, N.H.; author of 'History of Ameri can Literature,' 'The Choice of Books, etc., etc. (C. F. R.) RICHARDSON, Professor Rufus B.; director of American School of Classical Studies, Athens. (R. B. R.) RICHMOND, Sir William Blake, R.A., M.A., K.C.B.; Slade Professor at Oxford, 187883; President of Society of Miniature Painters, 1899. (W. B. RI.) RICKETTS, Charles, English printer, artist, and wood-engraver; one of the founders of the Vale Press; decorated 'Early Poems of John Milton,' 'The Poems of Keats,' etc. (C. RI.) RILEY, John Athelstan Laurie, M.A.; travelled in Persia, 1881; Turkey in Europe, 1883; Persia and Kurdistan, 1884, 1886, 1888; member of the House of Laymen of the Province of Canterbury; member London School Board, 1891-97; author of 'Athos, or the Mountain of the Monks,' various pamphlets and articles, subjects connected with education, Eastern Christians, and foreign travel. (J. A. L. R.) RIPON, Bishop of, Rt. Rev. William Boyd Carpenter, Hon. D.D. Glasgow, Hon. D.C.L. Oxon.; Knight of the Order of the Royal Crown, Prussia; Hulsean Lecturer, Cambridge, 1878; Bampton Lecturer, Oxford, 1887; Pastoral Lecturer on Theology, Cambridge, 1895; Canon of Windsor, 1882-1884; Hon. Chaplain to the Queen, 1879-83; Chaplain-inOrdinary, 1883-84; author of 'Commentary on Revelation,' 'Witness of Heart to Christ' (Huslean Lectures), 'Permanent Elements of Religion' (Bampton Lectures), 'Lectures on Preaching, Christian Reunion,' 'The Great Charter of Christ,' 'A Popular History of the Church of England.' (W. B. R.)

RISTORI, E. J., Assoc. M. Inst.C.E. (E. J. R.) ROBERTS, W.; author of 'Christies',' 'The Book-hunter in London,' etc. (W. R*.) ROBERTS-AUSTEN, Sir William Chandler, K.C.B., D.C.L. (Durham), F.R.S.; Chevalier de la Légion d'Honneur; chemist and assayer to Royal Mint since 1870; Professor of Metallurgy, Royal School of Mines since 1880; President of Iron and Steel Institute; author of 'Gold,' etc., in Ninth Edition of 'Ency. Brit.,' 'An Introduction to the Study of Metallurgy.' (W. C. R.-A.) ROBERTSON, Sir George Scott, K.C.S.I., D.C.L.; entered Indian Medical Service, 1878; British Agent in Gilgit; conducted a political mission to Chitral, 1893; besieged in Chitral, during March and April 1895; installed the present ruler of Chitral, September 1895; author of The Kafirs of the Hindu Kush, 'Chitral: The Story of a Minor Siege.' (G. S. R.) ROBERTSON, James W.; Commissioner of Agriculture and Dairying, Ottawa, Canada. (J. W. R.) G.; ROBERTSON, John Lecturer on the English Language, University of Strasburg. (J. G. R.)

or

ROBINSON, A. Mary F. (Mme. Duclaux; formerly Mme. Darmesteter), author of Emily Brontë,' 'The End of the Middle Ages,' 'Margaret of Angoulême, Queen of Navarre,' 'Retrospect, and other Poems,' 'Life of Renan,' 'Collected Poems,' 'Marguerites du Temps Passé,' 'Froissart,' 'Grands Ecrivains d'outre Manche,' etc. (A. M. F. D.) ROBINSON, Rev. Charles Henry, M.A.; Hon. Canon of Ripon; Lecturer in Hausa in the University of Cambridge, 1896; travelled in Armenia in order to report to Archbishop of Canterbury on the condition of Armenian Church, 1892; conducted pioneer expedition to Kano, 1893-95; author of 'Hausaland, Fifteen Hundred Miles through the Central Soudan,' 'Specimens of Hausa Literature,' 'Grammar of the Hausa Language,' 'Dictionary of the Hausa Language,' 'Studies in the Character of Christ,' 'Nigeria, Our Latest Protectorate,' 'Human Nature a Revelation of the Divine.' (C. H. R.) ROBINSON, Gerald Philip; President of the Society of Mezzotint Engravers; late Mezzotint Engraver to Queen Victoria, and appointed same to the King, 1901. (G. P. R.) ROBINSON, Rev. Joseph Armitage, D.D., Ph.D.; Canon of Westminster; Norrisian Professor of Divinity, Cambridge University, 1893-99; author of A Collation of the Athos Codex of the Shepherd of Hermas,' Appendix to The Apology of Aristides,' 'The Passion of St Perpetua,' "The Philocalia of Origen,' 'Euthaliana, Unity in Christ.' (J. A. R.) ROCKHILL, Hon. William Woodville; Head of the Bureau of American Republics; sometime First Assistant Secretary of State;

U.S. Commissioner to China, etc.; author of 'Land of the Llamas.' (W. W. R.) ROCKWELL, General Alfred P., author of Fire,' 'Fire Extinction,' in Ninth Edition of Ency. Brit.' (A. P. R.) ROGERS, Henry Wade, LL.D.; Lecturer at Yale University; sometime President of North Western University, Evanston, Ills.; Chairman of the World's Congress on Jurisprudence and

Atlantic Squadron, battle of Santiago; late Commandant U.S. Navy Yard, Boston, Mass.; Member of International Prine Meridian and Time Conference; U.S. Delegate to International Maritime Conference; Chief of U.S. Bureau of Ordnance, 1893-97. (W. T. S.) SAUNDERS, George, B.A.; Berlin Correspondent of The Times'; late Berlin Correspondent of the Morning Post,' etc. (G. Su.)

LL.D., D.D.; Fellow of Queen's College, Oxford; Professor of Assyriology, Oxford; Member of O.T. Revision Company, 1874-84; Deputy Professor of Comparative Philology, Oxford, 187690; Hibbert Lect., 1887; Gifford Lect., 1900-1; author of 'Babylonia,' Cyrus,' 'Darius," Grammar, Humboldt,' 'Inscriptions' (Cuneiform and Semitic), 'Lydia,' in Ninth Edition of Ency. Brit.,' 'Assyrian Grammar for Comparative Purposes,' 'Translations in Records of the Past, 1st series; 'Lectures on the Assyrian Language and Syllabary,' 'Babylonian Literature, Introduction to the Science of Language,' 'The Monuments of the Hittites,' 'Fresh Light from the Monuments,' 'The Ancient Empires of the East,' 'Hibbert Lectures 'The on Babylonian Religion,' Hittites,' The Races of the Old Testament,' 'The Higher Criticism and the Verdict of the Monuments,' 'The Egypt of the Hebrews and Herodotus,' 'Early History of the Hebrews.' (A. H. S.) SCHIDROWITZ, Philip, Ph.D. Berne; F.C.S. (Great Britain and Germany); Member of Societies of Chemical Industry and of Public Analysts; author (joint) of various papers on Acids, Wine, Analyses, etc. (P. S.) SCHILLER, F. C. S., M.A.; Fellow and Tutor of C.C.C. Oxford. (F. C. S. S.) SCHINDLER, Gen. Sir A. Houtum-, C.I.E.; general in the Persian army; has resided, as Persian official, and travelled for many years in Persia; author of 'Eastern Persian Irak,' etc. (A. H.-S.)

Law Reform, World's Columbian Exposition; SAYCE, Rev. Archibald Henry, M.A. author of Expert Testimony, etc. (H. W. R.) ROLLS, Hon. C. S.; pioneer in motor-car travelling. (C. S. R.) ROSCOE, Sir Henry Enfield, Ph.D., LL.D., D.C.L., M.D., F.R.S.; Vice-Chancellor, University of London; Emeritus Professor, Owens College, Victoria University; Member of Royal Commissions on Noxious Vapours, Technical Instruction, Scottish Universities, Secondary Education, and Exhibition of 1851; President of the British Association (Manchester, 1887); President Society of Chemical Industry, 1881; President Chemical Society, author of 'Lessons in Elementary 1882; Chemistry,' Treatise on Chemistry,' 'Primer of Chemistry,' 'John Dalton,' 'New View of the Genesis of the Atomic Theory of Chemistry' (with Dr Harden). (H. E. R.) ROSEWATER, Victor, A.M., Ph.D.; managing editor of the Omaha Bee, Omaha, Nebraska; Member Omaha Public Library Bd., Am. Economic Assn., Am. Library Assn., Neb. Historical Society; author of 'Special Assessments: a Study in Municipal Finance.' (V. R.) ROSS, H. M., B.A.; formerly exhibitioner of Lincoln Coll., Oxford; writer on engineering and scientific subjects; associate editor of volumes of the Encyclopædia Britannica.' (H. M. R.) ROSSETTI, William Michael; Professional Assistant to Board of Inland Rev. for Estate duty on Pictures and Drawings; author of 'Canova,''Correggio,' 'Fiesole,' 'Ghirlandajo,' 'Lippi, Murillo, Perugino,' 'Reni, Rosa,' 'Shelley,' 'Titian,' 'Veronese,' etc., in Ninth Edition of Ency. Brit.'; 'Fine Art, chiefly contemporary,' 'Lives of Famous Poets,' 'Life of Keats, Dante G. Rossetti as Designer and Writer,' Memoir of Dante G. Rossetti'; editor of The Germ,' 1850, of 'Shelley's Poems,' of 'Wm. Blake's Poems,' of 'Poems by Dante and Christina Rossetti,' of 'Ruskin,' 'Rossetti,' 'Præraphaelitism,' of 'Præraphaelite Diaries and Letters,' etc. (W. M. R.)

the

new

ROWLAND, Henry Augustus, Ph.D., LL.D., F.R.S., the late; Professor of Physics, Johns Hopkins University; recipient of Rumford, Draper, and Matteucci medals for scientific discoveries; Hon. Member Inst. of France, etc.; author of 'Screw' in Ninth Edition of 'Ency. Brit.' (H. A. R.) RUFFINI, Arthur; Royal Naval Academy, Leghorn. (A. R*.) RUGE, Dr Sophus; Professor of Geography, University of Dresden; author of 'Map' in Ninth Edition of 'Ency. Brit., Geschichte des Zeitalters der Entdeckungen,' 'Abhandlungen und Vorträge zur Geschichte der Erdkunde,' 'Christopher Columbus,' etc. (S. R.) RUSSELL, Hon. Bertrand Arthur William, M.A.; Fellow of Trinity College, Cambridge; author of 'German Social Democracy,' 'Essay on the Foundations of Geometry,' 'Philosophy of Leibnitz.' (B. A. W. R.)

RUSSELL, George William Erskine, LL.D.; Parliamentary Secretary to the Local Government Board, 1883-85; Under-Secretary of State for India, 1892-94; for the Home Department, 1894-95; author of A Monograph on the Rt. Hon. W. E. Gladstone,' 'Letters of Matthew Arnold,' Collections and Recollections, 1898.' (G. W. E. R.)

S

SACHS, Edwin O., A.M.I.C.E.; Chairman of British Fire Prevention Committee; Fellow of the Royal Statistical Society; Associate of the Institution of Naval Architects, etc.; in 1898 he applied electrical power to the working of the stage at Drury Lane; in 1899 he was appointed technical adviser to the Royal Opera, Covent Garden; founded in 1897 the British Fire Prevention Committee, and in 1899 the first independent fire-testing station established in Europe; author of Modern Opera Houses and Theatres,' 'Stage Construction,' 'Fires and Public Entertainments.' (E. O. S.) ST. JOHN, Molyneux; Ottawa, Canada. (M. ST. J.) SAMPSON, Rear Admiral William Thomas, LL.D.; in command of U.S. North

etc.

Inner Temple. SCOTT, W. W.; foreign sub-editor of " Times.' (W. W. S*.) SCOTT-MONCRIEFF, Sir Colin Camp

etc.

bell, K.C.M.G., C.S.I., LL.D.; Under-Secretary for Scotland; Irrigation Depart. N.W. Provinces; Chief Engineer, Burmah; UnderSecretary of State Public Works, Memsly, Cairo, 1883-92; author of 'Irrigation in Southern Europe.' (C. S. M.) SCRUTTON, T. E., M.A., K.C.; Barrister, Inner Temple; author of 'Law of Copyright, (T. E..S) SCUDDER, Horace Elisha, Litt.D., the late; editor of 'The Atlantic Monthly,' 1890-98; author of 'History of the United States,' 'Book of Fables,' 'The Life of James Russell Lowell' etc. (H. E. S*) SECCOMBE, Thomas, M.A.; assistant edito 'Dictionary of National Biography'; author d 'The Age of Johnson,' etc. etc. (T. SE) SEDGWICK, Adam, M.A., F.R.S.; Fellow and Tutor of Trin. Coll. Cambridge, Reader of Animal Morphology in the University. (A. SE*.) SETON-KARR, Henry, M.A., M.P.; travelled and shot big game in Western America, British Columbia, and Norway; writer on sport and allied subjects. (H. S.-K.) SEWARD, Albert Charles, M.A., F.R.S. F. L.S., F.R.G.S.; University Lecturer in Botany, Cambridge; Late Fellow of St John's College; Fellow and Tutor in Natural Science at Emmanuel College, Cambridge; author of 'Fossil Plants as Tests of Climate,' 'The Wealden Flora,'' Fossil Plants for Students of Botany and Geology,' 'The Jurassic Flora,' also various Botanical papers contributed to scientific journals. (A. C. SE.) SHADWELL, A., M.D.; author of Tallerman Treatment by Superheated Dry Air,' 'The London Water Supply,' etc. (A. SL.) SHADWELL, L. L., M.A.; Barrister-at-Law, Lincoln's Inn; revising barrister, Middlesex, 1885-1902. (L. L. S.) SHARP, David, M.A., M.B., C.M., F.R.S.; Past President of Entomological Society of London; author of 'Aquatic Carnivorous Cole(D. S*.) optera, 'Insects.' SHARP, Robert Farquharson, B.A.: Assistant Librarian, British Museum; edited 'Lytton's Plays,' author of 'Dictionary of English Authors, Wagner's draina, 'Der Ring des Nibelungen, Translation of Victor Hugo's "Hernani," 'Makers of Music,''Architects of English Literature.' (R. F. S.) SHAW, Albert, Ph.D.; editor of the American 'Monthly Review of Reviews'; author of ' Local Government in Illinois,' 'Municipal Government in Great Britain,' 'Municipal Government in Continental Europe,' etc. (A. Sw.) SHAW, Flora L. (Miss); special correspondent for 'The Times' to South Africa and Australia, Canada and Klondike; author of articles on British colonial questions. (F. L S.) SHAW, Herbert, B.A.; Secretary of the Tyneside Geographical Society. (H. Su.) SHAW, Hon. Leslie Mortier, LL.D.; Secretary of the U.S. Treasury; formerly Governor of the State of Iowa. (L. M. S.) SHAYLOR, J.; manager to Simpkin, Marshall, and Co. (J. SH*.) SHEARMAN, Montague; past President O.U.A.C.: joint-author of Football: Its History for Five Centuries,' author of 'Athletics and Football.' (M. S.) SHEARMAN, Thomas Gaskell, the late; joint-author of 'Shearinan and Rédtield on Negligence'; author of 'Natural Taxation,' 'Crooked Taxation,' 'Distribution of Wealth, 'The Single Tax,' etc. (T. G. S.) SHERRINGTON, Charles S., M.A M.D., F.R.S.; Professor of Physiology, Univ. Coll. Liverpool; Member of Council of Royal Society; Late Brown Professor of Pathology, on Physi University of London; Lecturer ology, St Thomas's Hospital, London; Croonian Lecturer, Royal Society; Member of the Com mission on Asiatic Cholera, 1886; Anglo American Secretary, International Congresses of Physiology, Liège 1892, Berne 1895, Cam.

bridge 1898, Turin 1901; author of numerous scientific papers to the Royal and other scientific societies, especially on the brain and (C. S. S.) nervous system. SHERWELL, Arthur; author of works on Temperance questions. (A. SH.)

etc.

·

SHIPLEY, Arthur Everett, M.A., F.Z.S.; Fellow, Tutor, and Lecturer at Christ's College, Cambridge; Lecturer on Advanced Morphology of the Invertebrata in the University; Demonstrator of Comparative Anatomy in the University, 1885-94; Fellow of Christ's College, 1887; Member of the Council of the Senate, 1896; author of 'Zoology of the Invertebrata author of 'Vine Disease,' 'Wasps,' 'Wheat Pests,' in Ninth Edition of 'Ency. Brit.'; joint-editor and part-author of the 'Cambridge Natural History'; editor of the 'Pitt Press Natural Science Manuals,' Biological Series ; part author of 'A Text-Book on Zoology," (A. E. S.) SHORTER, Clement King; editor of "The Sphere'; late editor of the Illustrated London News,' the 'Sketch,' and the English Illustrated Magazine'; author of 'Charlotte Brontë and Her Circle,' 'Sixty Years of Victorian Literature,' etc. etc. (C. K. S.) SIBREE, Rev. James; for over twenty years a missionary in Madagascar; author of 'Madagascar' in the Ninth Edition of the 'Ency. Brit., Madagascar and its People,' "The Great African Island,'' Madagascar before the Conquest,' etc. (J. SI*.) SIMPSON, Alexander Russell, M.D.; Professor of Midwifery and the Diseases of Women and Children, University of Edinburgh; editor of Sir James Y. Simpson's 'Lectures on Diseases of Women'; author of 'Contributions to Obstetrics and Gynecology,' and of an 'Atlas of the Frozen Section of a Cadaver in the Genu - pectoral Position' (along with Dr Berry Hart), and many (A. R. S.) Memoirs. SIMPSON, Rev. James Gilliland, M.A.; Principal of Leeds Clergy School; lately Rector of St Paul's, Dundee. (J. G. SI.) SIMPSON, Lieut. Col. W. A.; Assistant Adjutant-General U.S. War Department; Instructor U.S. Military Academy, West Point, 1883-87. (W. A. S.) SINCLAIR, F. G., M.A., F.L.S.; author of many biológical papers in scientific journals, (F. G. S*.) SKINNER, Frank C.; Principal Examiner and Chief of Classification Division, U.S. Patent (F. C. S.) Office. SLOANE, Thomas O'Conor, Ph.D., A.M.; late Professor Nat. Sc., Seton Hall Coll., South Orange, N.J. (T. O'C. S.) SLOANE, William Milligan, Ph.D., L.H.D., LL.D.; Professor of History, Columbia University, New York; sometime Professor of History in Princeton University, and editor of the 'Princeton Review'; Secretary to George Bancroft in Berlin, 1873-75; author of 'The French War and the Revolution,' 'Napoleon Bonaparte,' etc. (W. M. S.) SLOCUM, William F., LL.D.; President Colorado College. (W. F. S.) SMITH, Benjamin Eli, A.M.; assistant editor of the Century Dictionary'; editor of the Century Cyclopædia of Names,' and of the 'Century Atlas.' (B. E. S.) SMITH, Hon. Charles Emory; Postmaster-General, Washington, D.C.; formerly United States Minister to Russia; editor of the 'Philadelphia Press' since 1880. (C. E. S.) SMITH, George Barnett, F.R.G.S.; author of 'Mrs Browning,' in Ninth Edition of Ency. Gladstone,' Brit.,' 'Shelley," 'Life of Mr 'Victor Hugo," "The Life of Mr Bright,' 'The Prime Ministers of Queen Victoria,' 'Life and Enterprises of Ferdinand de Lesseps,' 'The Life of Queen Victoria,' etc. (G. B. S.)

etc.

SMITH, Hubert Llewellyn, M.A.; Deputy Controller-General and Labour Commissioner, Labour Department, Board of Trade; Cobden Prize, Oxford, 1890. (H. L. S.) SMITH, Dr Hugh M.; in charge of Division of Inquiry respecting Food Fishes, U.S. Commission of Fish and Fisheries. (H. M. S*.) SMITH, John, C.B.; Inspector-General in Bankruptcy. (J. SM*.) SMYTH, Herbert Warrington, M.A., LL.M., F.G.S., F.R.G.S.; Sec. Mining Dept., Transvaal; Order of the White Elephant, Siam; Sec. Siamese Legation, 1898-1901; author of 'Journey on the Upper Mekong,' 'Five Years in Siam,' etc. (H. W. SM.) SNOW, Francis Huntingdon, LL.D.; Chancellor of the University of Kansas. (F. H. S.)

SNOW, Marshall Solomon, A.M.; Professor of History and Dean of the College, Washington University, St Louis, Missouri; author of 'Missouri in Ninth Edition of 'Ency. Brit.,' 'The City Government of St Louis.' (M. S. S.)

SÖDERBERG, Dr E.; of the Central Statis

tical Bureau, Sweden; author of 'Samuel Johan Hedborn,' etc. (E. So.) SOULE, R. H., B.A., M.E.; sometime General Manager of the Erie R. R. (R. H. So.) PIELMANN, Marion H.; editor of the 'Magazine of Art' since 1887; art critic to 'Daily Graphic' until, in 1891, art editor and part-founder of 'Black and White'; author of Works of G. F. Watts, R.A.,' Henriette Ronner,' 'History of "Punch,' 'Millais and his Works,' 'The Unidentified Contributions of Thackeray to "Punch," "John Ruskin,' 'Notes on the Wallace Collection in Hertford House,' "The Portraits of Geoffrey Chaucer,' 'British Sculpture and Sculptors of To-day.' (M. H. S.) SPIERS, R. Phené, F.S.A., F.R.I.B.A.; Master of the Architectural School and Surveyor of Royal Academy; Associate and Hon. Fellow of King's Coll. London; Past President of Architectural Association; Member of Council Royal Institute of British Architects; Hon. and Corres. Member of the Société Centrale des Architectes, Paris; Sociedad de los Arquitectos, Madrid; edited 'Pugin's Normandy,' 'Fergusson's History of Architecture'; author of Architectural Drawing,' 'Architectural Essays on Pierrefonds," Domed Churches in Perigord, Mosqueat Damascus,' etc. (R. P. S.) SPRING-RICE, Stephen Edward, C.B.; Principal Clerk H.M. Treasury; Auditor of the Civil List; private secretary to successive Financial Secretaries to the Treasury, 18811888, and to Chancellor of the Exchequer, (S. E. S.-R.)

1886.

SQUIRE, William Barclay, B.A., F.S.A., F.R.G.S.; Assist. Brit. Museum; Hon. Sec. Purcell Soc.; Joint Hon. Sec. Eng. Com. International Music Society; late musical critic of 'Westminster Gazette,' 'Saturday Review,' and 'Globe' (London); author of various articles on music; and editor of Byrd's Masses,' 'The Fitzwilliam Virginal Book,' etc. (W. B. S*.) STANTON, Rev. Vincent Henry, D.D., M.A.; Elý Professor of Divinity, Cambridge, and Canon of Ely; Hulsean Lecturer, 1879; author of The Jewish and the Christian Messiah,' 'The Place of Authority in Matters of Religious Belief.' (V. H. S.)

STATHAM, H. H.; editor of 'The Builder'; author of Architecture for General Readers,' 'Architecture among the Poets.' (H. H. S.) STEBBING, Rev. Thomas Roscoe Rede, M.A., F.R.S., F.L.S., F.Z.S.; Fellow of King's College, London; Fellow of Worcester Coll. Oxford; prepared Report on the Amphipoda of the Challenger' Expedition; Chairman of Conference of Delegates, corresponding societies of British Association, 1899; author of 'Translation of Longinus On the Sublime,' 'Essays on Darwinisin,'Challenger" Reports,' 'Zoology, 'A History of Crustacea,' etc. (T. R. R. S.) STEDMAN, Edmund Clarence, L.H.D., LL.D.; poet and critic; author of 'Poems,' 'Victorian Poets,' 'Poets of America,' 'The Nature and Elements of Poetry'; editor of 'Library of American Literature,' 'Victorian Anthology,' etc. (E. C. S.) STEED, H. WICKHAM; Correspondent of 'The Times' at Rome. (H. W. S.) STEPHEN, Sir Herbert, Bart., LL.M.; Clerk of Assize for the Northern Circuit; author of 'The Law Relating to Malicious Prosecutions,' 'Prisoners on Oath,' etc. (H. S*.) Hon. STEPHEN, Leslie, Litt.D., M.A.; Fellow of Trin. Hall, Camb.; President of Ethical Society; formerly Fellow and Assistant Tutor, Trin. Hall Coll., and Clark Lecturer in English Literature; editor of Cornhill Magazine, 1871-82; Dictionary of National Biography, 1882-91; author of 'Hours in a Library,' "History of English Thought in the Eighteenth Century,' 'Essays on Freethinking and Plain Speaking,' 'The Science of Ethics,' 'Life of Henry Fawcett,' An Agnostic's Apology Life of Sir James Fitz-James Stephen,Studies of a Biographer,''The English Utilitarians'; edited 'Letters of John Richard Green.' (L. S.) STEPHENS, F. G. one of the Pre-Raphaelite

Brotherhood; late art critic of the 'Athenæum'; author of 'Landseer' in Ninth Edition of 'Ency. Brit.,' 'Catalogue of Satires' (Brit. Mus.), 'Artists at Home,' 'George Cruikshank," 'Memorials of W. Mulready,' 'French and Flemish Pictures,' 'Sir E. Landseer,' 'T. C. Hook, R. A.,' etc. (F. G. S.) STERLAND, Miss M. B.; writer on Ecclesiastical History. (M. B. S.)

etc.

STERLING, Maj.-Gen. John B.; Egypt, 1882; Sudan and Cyprus, 1885. (J. B. S.) STEWART, John Alexander, M.A., LL.D.; Tutor of Christ Church; White's Professor of Moral Philosophy, Oxford; author of 'The English MSS. of the Nicomachean Ethics,' 'Notes on the Nicomachean Ethics.' (J. A. ST.) STOCK, Eugene; Editorial Secretary of the Church Missionary Society. (E. ST.) STOCKMAN, Ralph, M.D., F.R.C.P.Ed., F.R.S.Ed.; Professor of Materia Medica and Therapeutics, University of Glasgow; assistant in the University of Edinburgh for six years, and afterwards Lecturer on Materia Medica in the School of Medicine. (R. S*.) STRANGE, Edward Fairbrother; Assistant Keeper, National Art Library; Assistant, South Kensington Museum, 1889; National Art Library, 1891; author of 'Alphabets: a Handbook of Lettering,' 'Japanese Illustration,' 'Worcester, the Cathedral and City,' and numerous essays on art subjects. (E. F. S.) STREATFIELD, R. A., B.A.; author of 'Masters of Itálian Music,' The Opera,' (R. A. S.) STURT, H.; Queen's College, Oxford. (H. ST.) SUPLEE, Henry Harrison, B.Sc.; Member of the American Society of Mechanical Engineers; Member of the Franklin Institute; Membre du Société des Ingénieurs Civils de France; Mitglied des Vereines Deutscher Ingenieure; associate-editor of Engineering Magazine,' New York and London; author of the English translation of Reuleaux's 'Konstrukteur,' and other works. (H. H. S*.) SWINBURNE, Algernon Charles; author of Beaumont and Fletcher,' 'Congreve,' 'Keats,' 'Landor, Marlowe,' 'Mary' (of Scotland), 'Tourneur,' 'John Webster,' in Ninth Edition of Ency. Brit., 'The Queen-Mother, and Rosamond,' 'Atalanta in Calydon,'' Chastelard,' 'Poems and Ballads,'' William Blake,' 'Songs before Sunrise,' 'Bothwell,' 'Songs of Two Nations,' 'George Chapman,' 'Poems and Ballads' (2nd series), 'A Study of Shakespeare,' 'Mary Stuart,' 'Tristram of Lyonesse, and other Poens, Miscellanies,' 'A Study of Victor Hugo, Locrine,' 'Poems and Ballads' (3rd series), 'Study of Ben Jonson,' 'Studies in Prose and Poetry,' 'Rosamund, Queen of the Lombards,' etc. (A. C. S.) SYMONS, Arthur; author of 'An Introduction to the Study of Browning,' 'Days and Nights,' 'Silhouettes,' 'London Nights,' 'Studies in Two Literatures,' 'The Symbolist Movement in Literature,' 'Images of Good and Evil,' 'Collected Poems.' (A. SY.) (H. Sr.)

SYMONS, H.; British Museum.

T

TAIT, Peter Guthrie, M.A., D.Sc., the late; Professor of Natural Philosophy, Edin.; Sec. Royal Soc., Edin.; Hon. Fellow St Peter's Coll., Cambridge; Professor of Mathematics, Queen's Coll., Belfast, 1854; author of Light,' 'Sir W. Rowan Hamilton,' etc., in Ninth Edition of Ency. Brit.,' 'Dynamics of a Particle,' 'Quaternions,' Thermo Dynamics,' 'Heat,' 'Light,' etc. (P. G. T.) TANSLEY, A. G., M.A., F.L.S.; Asst. Professor of Botany, University Coll., London; author of 'Memoirs on the Anatomy of Plants'; editor of 'The New Phytologist,' etc. (A. G. T.) TAUSSIG, Frank William, Ph.D., LL.D.; Professor of Political Economy, Harvard University, and editor of the Quarterly Journal of Economics'; author of 'Tariff History of the United States,' 'Wages and Labour, etc. (F. W. T.) TAYLOR, Charles, M.A., D.D., Hon. LL.D. (Harvard); Master of St John's Coll., Cambridge; author of 'Geometrical Conics,' 'The Gospel in the Law,' 'The Teaching of the Twelve Apostles,' etc. (C. T*.) TAYLOR, Hon. Hannis, LL.D.; U.S. Minister to Spain, 1893-97; author of 'The Origin and Growth of the English Constitution.' (H. T*.) TCHERTKOFF; V.; author of Christian Martyrdom in Russia ; agent for Count Tolstoy in England. (V. T.) TEDDER, Henry Richard, F.S.A.; Secretary and Librarian of the Athenæum Club; librarian to Lord Acton, 1873-74; one of the organisers and joint-sec. of 1st International Conference of Librarians, 1877; joint hon. sec. of Library Association, 1878-80; hon. treas. of the same, 1889-97, and 1898-1901; President, 1897-98; treas. and sec. Metropolitan Free Libraries' Committee, 1878-80; hon. treas. second International Conference of Librarians, 1897; jointeditor of first three volumes of Transactions of