Neverbeless, Darvin cannot see in animate pest "alp insuperable objection to the bellef thai man has been developed from some lower kam" on his theory. Dr. W. Lander Lyziay, in a work in two Tolumes 1861 entitled "Mind in the Lower Animale," shows himself an enthusiast in the idea of the existence in animals, of that which we call mind in man. The work is of ability and extended research, in which it would seem that all the facts in the way of humanizing animals have been brought together. Yet he makes the following remarkable admissions: Civilized man possesses the following elements of superiority over other animals: 1. The power of speech. 2. The use of hands. 3. The knowledge of the arts of: (a) writing, (b) printing, (e) metallurgy, (d) glass making, (e) cooking. 4. The production and application of fire. It is impossible for man to realize the magnitude or importance of these advantages in the development of his moral and mental nature, and to make due allowance of the disadvantages under which other animals labor in the non-possession of these accomplishments. (Vol. II-119.) This is substantially an overthrow of his theory. The lowest man is capable of civilization to a certain extent; and to that extent possesses these ele Hence between what we call mind in man, and instinct in animals, there is a gulf which cannot be bridged over. It is difficult, too, to understand how animals are subject to disadvantages in consequence of not possessing these elements of superiority. Of what benefit would speech and writing be to a monkey in the absence of that degree of mind requisite for their use? The substance of the author's idea seems to be that animals suffer great disadvantages because they are not men! gree of art in their grammatical structure." (9 -I-59.) Nevertheless, Darwin cannot see in articulate speech "any insuperable objection to the belief that man has been developed from some lower form," on his theory. Dr. W. Lauder Lyndsay, in a work in two volumes (1880), entitled "Mind in the Lower Animals," shows himself an enthusiast in the idea of the existence in animals, of that which we call mind in man. The work is of ability and extended research, in which it would seem that all the facts in the way of humanizing animals have been brought together. Yet he makes the following remarkable admissions: Civilized man possesses the following elements of superiority over other animals: 1. The power of speech. 2. The use of hands. 3. The knowledge of the arts of: (a) writing, (b) printing, (c) metallurgy, (d) glass making, (e) cooking. 4. The production and application of fire. It is impossible for man to realize the magnitude or importance of these advantages in the development of his moral and mental nature, and to make due allowance of the disadvantages under which other animals labor in the non-possession of these accomplishments. (Vol. II-119.) This is substantially an overthrow of his theory. The lowest man is capable of civilization to a certain extent; and to that extent possesses these ele Hence between what we call mind in man, and instinct in animals, there is a gulf which cannot be bridged over. It is difficult, too, to understand how animals are subject to disadvantages in consequence of not possessing these elements of superiority. Of what benefit would speech and writing be to a monkey in the absence of that degree of mind requisite for their use? The substance of the author's idea seems to be that animals suffer great disadvantages because they are not men! CHAPTER VII. Difference between Men and Animals in Brain Capacity. Difference as to the Marriage Relations. In connection with the remarkable distinction between men and animals in respect to language may be regarded the difference between the animal and human brain. The development and growth. of the brain from its initial point, is one of the most interesting subjects of inquiry in natural history. The amphioxus lanceolatus, which has a spinal cord without any skull or brain, appears to be the introduction to vertebrate life. In advance of this, certain fishes develop a cartilagenous primordial cranium, with or without organic ossification, but without cranial bones (18-24). And generally the brain of a fish is very small compared with the spinal cord. The relative size is increased in reptiles. The lowest mammals, such as the opossums and kangaroos, advance in this respect. In placental mammals a new structure appears between the cerebral hemispheres connecting them together, called the great commissure, or corpus callosum. By this connection the progress of the brain, step |