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INDEX.

Humming-birds, colours and ornaments
of, 127

descriptive names of, 129
motions and habits of, 130
display of ornaments by males, 134
food of, 135

nests of, 137

geographical distribution and varia-
tion of, 138

of Juan Fernandez, 140
influenced by varied conditions in
South America, 147

relations and affinities of, 148
sternum of, 151

eggs of, 152

feather-tracts of, 152

resemblance of swifts to, 152
nestlings of, 153

differences from sun-birds, 154

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353

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MACAWS, 100

M.

Madagascar, white-marked butterflies
of, 260

Madagascar once united to Africa, 325
Madagascar and Malaya, resemblances
of fauna of, 328

Male birds, origin of ornamental plum-
age of, 205

Male birds which incubate, 212
Male humming-birds produce a shriller
sound, 215

Males, theory of display of ornaments
by, 207

Malva sylvestris, M. rotundifolia, 233
Mammals, 116

Mammalia, supposed variations of, com-
parable to those of butterflies, 261

local resemblances of, in Africa, 262
Mammalia of Palearctic Region, 315
of Ethiopian Region, 317
of Oriental Region, 319

of miocene period in Euro-Asia,

321

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Variation, how influenced, 142
Vegetation, equatorial, 27
Vipers, green, 114

Vitality a cause of bright colour, 193

W.

WARNING COLOURS, theory of, 189
Wasps and bees, 90

Wave-lengths of coloured rays, 180
Weale, Mr. J. P. Mansel, où plants of
Karoo, 223

on Ajuga ophrydis, 223
Webber Mr. on food of humming-birds,
137

West-Indian Islands, large and brilliant
butterflies of, 261

peculiarly coloured birds of, 262
Whip-snakes, 114

White animals poisoned where black
escape, 265

White colours influencing sense-percep-
tion, 265

White colour doubly prejudicial to
animals, 266

White tropical birds, 110

Wilson, Dr. on pottery from N. American
mounds, 295

Winds, influence of on temperature, 11
direction of near equator, 11, 12
cause of cold near equator, 12, 13
Wolves in England show its union with
continent, 305

Woods from equatorial forest-trees, 36

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LONDON R. CLAY, SONS, AND TAYLOR, BREAD STREET HILL

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