"Quarterly. 1st. Ermine, three battle-axes erect, in a bordure engrailed or. 2nd. Party per pale, argent and sable, an eagle displayed with two heads, countercharged and gorged with a ducal coronet, gules. 3rd. Or, 2 demilions passant gardant in pale gules. 4th. Sable on a fesse or, 3 escallop-shells gules. A martlett in the centre for a difference."

JUXTA TURRIM.

WILLIAM AURERELL. In London Scenes and London People, by Aleph, pp. 142-146, mention is made of William Aurerell, merchant taylor, clerk of S. Peter upon Cornhill, and master of the ancient grammar school of St. Peter. The dates respecting him range from 1592 to 1603, with the exception of the death or burial of Gillian, his wife, which is recorded as having taken place Feb. 20, 1525. In this latter date there is obviously a misprint. Perhaps Aleph will kindly give the exact date in your columns, and also inform your readers when William Aurerell himself died. S. Y. R.

"THE BAKAVALGHITA," ETC.—I am at present engaged in making as full a Catalogue as I can of of a collection of ancient Egyptian and Eastern curiosities, of which I have only a rough list. I now and then get very much puzzled over a word or name, and cannot find any of the curiosities to which I can with reason assign it. So I must beg some reader of " N. & Q." to tell me :

1. What is "the Bakavalghita in Sanskrit ?" 2. "The Ban (or Bari) of the Hindoos, the ark silver?"

3. "The Boldifout from Ashantee?" 4. "An abraxas, the two genders?" There is also among the modern Egyptian things, "a gold casket with kohol." This hohol I consider to be a black sort of unguent, used by the women for darkening their eyes. But I always thought that the Arabic word kohol meant devil; and have often at lectures heard the derivation of alcohol given as the exclamation of the Arabic chemist who discovered it pure; on finding it to be an inflammable water, he of course attributed it to some magic, and cried out "Al kohol!" MR. T. J. BUCKTON (3rd S. iii. 155) derives alcohol from other sources. I do not pretend to say he may be wrong, but the derivation I mention is certainly telling in a lecture. JOHN DAVIDSON.

BENEDICT XIV.—I find the following anecdote told of this pope, and should be glad to know if it is authentic:-On the death of Clement XII. the cardinals were a long time deliberating on the choice of a successor. Lambertini, by way of quickening them, said, "Why do you waste your time in discussions? If you wish for a saint elect Gotti; a politician, choose Aldrovandus; a good companion, take me." This sally pleased them so much that they elected him at once. He cultivated letters, encouraged men of learning, and was a liberal patron of the Fine Arts; and would, there

fore, have read "N. & Q." had he lived a century later. WM. DAVIS.

BIARITZ.King John being at Oreval on the 6th of September, in the first year of his reign, A.D. 1199, assured by charter to Vitalis de Villa an annual rent of fifty livres Angevin, arising from two whales "in portu de Beiarid," by way of exchange for a certain rent which he held under a grant from Richard Coeur de Lion, arising out of the drying of fish in the islands of Guernsey and Jersey. See Rot. Chartarum de anno Regni Regis Johannis primo. What was the place described in the charter as "portus de Beiarid "? Could it be the Biaritz now known as the favourite bathing place of the Empress Eugenie? P. S. CAREY.

BIBLIOGRAPHICAL QUERIES. 1. Heywood's Woman Killed with Kindness, the first edition, 1607, third edition, 1617. Query, date of second ed. ?-2. An Halfepenny-worth of Wit in a Pennyworth of Paper. Of this the first edition seems to have appeared in 1607, 4to, under the title of Robin the Devil, his two Penni-worth of Wit in Halfapenni-worth of Paper. (See West's Catalogue, 1773, No. 1821.) The third impression was published under the first-quoted title in 1613. Query, date and title of second ed. ?-3. Memoirs of the Right Villainous John Hall. First edition 1708, 4th edit. 1714. Query, dates of second and third editions? W. CAREW HAZLITT.

BILLS OF MORTALITY.—Where can I find an account of the number of parishes contained under this heading? The maps of London used to show the limits, but now discontinued; and some old ones I looked at do not extend sufficiently far on all sides to contain them. W. P.

COINCIDENCE OF BIRTH AND DEATH.-In earlier times, when horoscopes were made a matter of study, and nativities, as a matter of business, were cast-when astrology was cultivated as a science, and patronised alike by the courtier and the peasant-things which pass unnoticed in these days of hurry and bustle were jotted down as remarkable facts, and deemed worthy of special notice. Exempli gratiâ: a contemporary MS., relating the decease of Queen Elizabeth, continues as follows:

"After languishing three weeks, she departed the 24th of this present (March) being our Ladie's eve, between two and three in the morning; as she was born on our Ladie's eve in September. And as one Lee was mayor of London when she came to her crowne, so is there one Lee mayor now that she left it."

The same fatality is said to have occurred in the birth and death of our greatest writer, whose tercentary festival rapidly approaches; but I believe in this case the statement rests only upon tradition. In the course of discursive reading I have, I feel certain, met with many other stances. Probably some of your readers, with a

in

more retentive memory than myself, may be able to supply them. 0.0. VINCENT COOK(1st S. x. 127; xi. 134.)-The communications which have appeared in your columns on the subject of Vincent Cook appear to me somewhat ambiguous; therefore I am induced to ask-Who was Vincent Cook? When did he flourish, or die? Was he an Englishman?

S. Y. R. DRAMAS.-Is anything known of the authorship of the following anonymous dramas (not in the Biographia Dramatica), which I find in the Sale Catalogue of W. B. Rhodes, &c. ?

7. Physic and Delusion, a Farce, 1814.
8. The Druid, or a Vision of Fingal, 1815.
9. Hengist, a Melo-drama, 1816.

10. Joseph and Benjamin, or Little Demetrius tossed in a Blanket, a (Political?) Farce, 1717.

Also the three following American pieces: 1. A Cure for the Spleen, a dramatic piece, 1775. 2. The Battle of Brooklyn, a Farce. New York, 1776. 3. Knight of the Rum Bottle & Co., or, The Speechmakers, a Farce, N. York, 1818.

R. INGLIS.

EXPLANATION OF WORDS WANTED.-Required the meaning of the following terms, used in the will of Eleanor Bohun, Duchess of Buckingham (printed in Nichols's Royal Wills, p. 177.)

"A ma file Anne un espiner de linge drap."-" Bordures les costees de Accuby vermaill et enbroudes et tout entour par anal sans enbrodure."-" ij pare lincheux de reyn, l'un paire de iij forall."—"Item, xii esqueles."-"Item, un hanap d'argent enorres coveres ponsonez ove resones de averill.”—“ xij quillers d'argent."-"Item, un livre de vertus et de vices." [What book was this?]

Roquefort's Glossaire de la Langue Romane does not explain any of the above words. Is there any Dictionary of monkish Latin?

HERMENTRUDE.

GREEK PHRASE.-In Blomfield's Glossary to Eschylus, Agumem. 980, he says he has seen the phrase anоσpevdovậy тà xpηuara, but forgets where. Can any of your readers supply the place? Scapula, and Scott and Liddell, furnish examples of the one in Lucian and Diodorus Siculus; but neither of them is the one in question. Scott and Liddell seem to refer also to a passage in Plutarch, but it is not specified, and here I have no index to Plutarch. LYTTELTON.

KASTNER, OR CASTNER ARMS.-Can any one inform me where I can find the coat of arms of the family of "Kastner,' or "Castner"? They originally came from Leipsic, Germany, I believe. S. CASTNER, Jun.

212, Walnut Street, Philadelphia. REV. J. KING OF HULL (1st S. xi. 292) — We presume the gentleman here mentioned to have been the Rev. John King, referred to incidentally as being dead in 1830, in the Gent. Mag., c. (2),

451.

KNAPSACKS.-When were these first served out to the British army? GRENADE.

KNIGHTS OF MALTA.-Major Porter in his Appendix to his History of the Knights of Malta, ii. 479, gives a translation of "the Deed of King Philip and Queen Mary of England, restoring the Order of St. John in England." Unfortunately instead of giving the most important portion, viz., the names of the manors and fordships which were retransferred to the possession of the Order, he has contented himself by giving the names of four in Essex, and three, &c. &c.; consequently my query is, Where is the original document preserved? As I am particularly interested in Kentish researches, I would especially ask what property the restored Order obtained in Kent? The Countess of Pembroke had previously to the ReOrder, although it should certainly have been formation held Strood, in Kent, in defiance of the part of their possessions.

Dartford.

ALFRED JOHN DUNKIN.

SIR FERDINAND LEE.-Who was Sir Ferdinand Lee, Knight, of Middleton, in Yorkshire, who married Mary, daughter of Frederick Pilkington, Esq., about the middle of the seventeenth century? Where was he buried? what arms did he bear? and are there any monumental memorials of himself or his wife in existence? The Pilking ton referred to is believed to have been some relation of Dr. Pilkington, Bishop of Durham. F. G. L.

"The name of Bavius occurs only once; those of Mævius, Aulus Agerius, and Caius Sigæus frequently, yet we know not who they were nor what they wrote, except that Mævius was a bad poet. How curious a few anecdotes of their lives would be, and a few specimens of what Virgil and Quintillian held to be bad writing!"— The Enquirer, No. IV., London, 1791.

A reference to any writer except Virgil, who mentions Mævius, and to any who mention the other writers, will oblige. J. B.

PATRICIAN FAMILIES OF LOUVAIN. -The following are the names of six out of the seven patrician families of Louvain :-Utenlimmighe, Calsteren, Gielis, Redingen, Van-den-Steene, Verrusalem.

The name of the seventh has escaped me. Can anyone kindly supply it? JOHN WOODWARD.

EDMUND PRESTWICH.-Will your excellent correspondents MESSRS. COOPER inform me whether this person, the author of Hippolitus, translated out of Seneca, and other Poems, London, 1651, 12mo, and also of a play entitled The Hectors -was matriculated at Cambridge, and if so, whether his age and parentage appear? My friend Canon Raines considers that he has discovered him in the pedigree of the Prestwiches of Manchester, but before we can add him to the list of Manchester poets, some evidence beyond mere identity of name seems to be required. JAS. CROSSLEY.

POTWALLOPING FRANCHISE.-In some towns in England a franchise at one time prevailed which extended to something like manhood suffrage, but I believe it was superseded by the Reform Bill. It was not, as I understand it, alike in all cases, but in some the persons possessed of this privilege were denominated Potwallopers. I have always understood it as conferring upon every male person, or head of a family, who boiled a pot, or had provision for doing so, the right to vote for a member of parliament. I think it was so in Preston, which borough at one time returned Hunt, the blacking merchant and radical reformer. Mr. Chadwick, in his Life of Defoe, defines the conditions of maintaining the franchise rather differently to what I understand them. In a note, p. 276, he says:

"The election of members of Parliament by the potwalloping franchise is this:-That every inhabitant, whether housekeeper or lodger, who has a fire to dress his own victuals, shall, some short time before the elec

tion, bring out their pots, and place them upon fires in the street, and there boil their victuals in the sight of tomed usage. This used to take place at Taunton in their heighbours, and so establish their votes by accusSomersetshire?"

Is there not some error in this? I know nothing of the custom prevailing at Taunton, but I think in other places the having a fire-place where a pot might be boiled constituted the qualification, and not the mere act of openly boiling one in the street. Can any of your readers say whether these special privileges, belonging to only a few places, and some of them very insignificant in point of population or commercial importance, were conferred by Act of Parliament, or by royal charter? In the case of Greenock, in Scotland,

where the franchise was universal, I believe it

was conferred by charter.

T. B.

SIR WALTER RALEIGH'S SKULL. — Bishop Goodman, in his History of his Own Times, vol. i. p. 69, in speaking of Raleigh, says :—

"No man doth honour the memory of Sir Walter Raleigh and his excellent parts more than myself; and in token thereof, I know where his skull is kept to this day, and I have kissed it."

Is anything known concerning this skull? into whose possession it originally fell, and where it of it subsequently? * was kept in Goodman's time; also what became A. D.

PETER PAUL RUBENS.-Did Peter Paul Rubens ever receive the order of the Golden Fleece? If so, where can I find the fact noted? CAVE.

your correspondents inform me in which of the ST. MARY OF THE ANNUNCIATION.-Can any of tion is situate? Westons the church of St. Mary of the AnnunciaJAS. YATES.

"ST. JOHN'S EVE."- The Spectator of July 25, 1863, in noting a conviction in Ireland on the 20th instant, for taking part in "an unlawful assembly on St. John's Eve," at Ballyvally, co. Down, which "unlawful assembly" was assembling round bonfires on that night,-remarks, that the custom is a relic of Baal worship. Is this the case? In Port Glasgow (and probably in other towns in Scotland, though I am not aware of any) St. John's

[* See "N. & Q." 2nd S. v. 11.-ED.]

Eve is signalised by a like celebration. Tar barrels are the usual fuel. I am not aware how many years the custom has been followed, but the origin is beyond the memory of the "oldest inhabitant." The town does not date beyond the beginning of last century, but it had a nucleus in the old village of Newark, a collection of fisher-huts under the shadow of the castle and barony of that name. I shall be glad to learn more of this custom, and any places in the kingdom where it still lingers. J. D. CAMPBELL.

Please preserve the accompanying cutting in "N. & Q." See further on this subject Ellis's Brand's Antiquities, 1813, vol. i. pp. 241-250; Higgins's Celtic Druids, 1827, p. 181; Gentleman's Magazine, 1795, vol. i. pp. 124, 275, 462:—

"A curious incident is reported from Ireland. A number of Catholics were, on the 20th inst., sentenced to three months' imprisonment for taking part in an unlawful assembly on St. John's Eve.' The peasantry, it appears, of Ballyvally, in Down, have been accustomed for ages on that night to assemble round bonfires, and sometimes carry away live coals to sprinkle on their fields. The ceremony is believed to be a relic of Baal worship, and is one of the oldest superstitions in the world. Like all those which have survived the establishment of Christianity, it is performed 'for luck,' i. e. to deprecate some unknown but malignant power. No genial or congratulatory superstition has lasted so long, but it seems impossible to drive out of man's heart the secret notion that Providence hates him. Paganisms are all based at bottom on that idea.”– Stamford Mercury, July 31.

GRIME.

SIGABEN AND THE MANICHÆANS."Sigaben has preserved the form of admitting Manichæans to the church, in which they renounce the belief in fictitious matter, as well as the bodies and exudations of those chief angels whom Manes taught to worship."Letter to his Grace the Archbishop of Canterbury. By Thomas Sharpe, M.A. London, 1732, p. 54.

The letter is upon heresies then supposed to be dangerous. It is ill-written, but abounds with Latin and French quotations. The above is very confused. Can any reader of "N. & Q." tell me who Sigaben was, and where I can see his book?

F. H.

TOISON D'OR.-Which of the Belgian churches are adorned with the escutcheons of the Knights of the Golden Fleece? I unfortunately forgot to make a note of them. There is one at Ghent, another at Malines, but I am in doubt about those at Bruges, Antwerp, and Brussels.

Perhaps some of your correspondents can oblige me by supplying the names. JOHN WOODWARD.

New Shoreham.

"IMPROVING" VANDYKE'S PORTRAITS.-Grainger, in his Biographical History, vol. vi., in speaking of the fashion of wearing wigs, says: —

"The extravagant fondness of men for this unnatural ornament is scarce credible. I have heard of a country

[The lines, which appear to be connected with something that goes before, are Hebrew, though not in the Hebrew character. The transmutation (or transcription) does not appear to have been made by a very practised hand. The sense is

"Therefore in the midst of life we are in death,
For all flesh is grass."]

SPEARMAN.-I chance to have a book, of which the "only copy known" has been sold twice within the last twelve years for 121. and 20l. My copy has the book-plate of "Robert Spearman, of Oldacres, Esq., Dublin." Was there any bookcollector of this name? If so, does a catalogue of his books exist?

A. DE MORGAN.

[Robert Spearman of Old-Acres, in the parish of Sedgefield, Esq., Durham, is best known as the editor (jointly with the Rev. Julius Bate) of his friend Hutchinson's Works, in 12 vols. 8vo, 1748-9. Mr. Spearman's own publications were confined to An Enquiry after Philosophy and Theology, Edinb. 8vo, 1755; 2nd edit. Dublin, 1757, 8vo, and Letters to a Friend concerning the Septuagint Translation and the Heathen Mythology, Edinb. 8vo, 1759. Mr. Spearman entered into all the depths of the Hutchinsonian Philosophy. His extensive biblical knowledge and thorough acquaintance with the original languages of the Scriptures, are acknowledged by many of his contemporaries, particularly by Parkhurst, the lexicographer. Mr. Spearman died Oct. 20, 1761, aged fifty-eight. Surtees' Durham, i. 96; iii. 398.]