"The method of executing this unfortunate woman [Elizabeth Herring] was as follows:-She was placed on a stool, something more than two feet high; and a chain being placed under her arms, the rope round her neck was made fast to two spikes, which being driven through a post against which she stood, when her devotions were ended, the stool was taken from under her, and she was soon strangled. When she had hung about fifteen minutes, the rope was burnt, and she sank till the chain supported her, forcing her hands up to a level with her face; and the flames being furious, she was soon consumed. The crowd was so immensely great, that it was a long time before the faggots could be placed for execution.

"It was computed that there were about 20,000 people to see this melancholy spectacle; many of whom were much hurt, and some trodden to death in gratifying a barbarous curiosity."-Dodsley's Annual Register for 1773, p. 181.]

Surely it was not the "curiosity" alone that was "barbarous." On the contrary, I think that your readers will agree with me that the "melancholy spectacle" itself was quite barbarous enough to warrant its being included in Mr. Phillimore's enumeration of “horrid things." MELETES.

PRINCE CHRISTIErn of Denmark (3rd S. iv. 57.) Princes of the name of Christian are numerous in this family. The same authority that I before quoted (Koch, Tables LX., CXVI., and CXVII. Paris, 1814), will exhibit the descent of this prince through John. 1. Christian III., died 1559; 2. John the younger, Duke of Holstein-Sunderburg, died 1622; 3. Alexander, died 1627; 4. ErnestGonthier, died 1689; 5. Frederick William, died 1714; 6. Christian Augustus, Duke of HolsteinAugustenburg, died 1754; 7. Frederick Christian, died 1794, whose son of same name, (8), Frederick Christian, born 1765, married Louisa, daughter of Christian VII. of Denmark, their eldest son being, (9) Christian-Charles-Frederick-Augustus, born 1798. T. J. BUCKTON.

BELL LITERATURE (3rd S. iv. 52.)—I can add another poetical effusion to the list already given by the REV. H. T. ELLACOMBE, entitled Campana Undellenses (the Bells of Oundle.) It is a copy of Latin hexameters in their praise, written by Gul. Dillingham S. T. P. Cantab., and to be found in the Musa Anglicanæ, vol. i. p. 244, a work edited by Vincent Bourne of classic fame. May I append a query? How many churches and cathedrals in England have peals of twelve

bells?

OXONIENSIS.

DOGS (3rd S. iv. 50.)-The lines quoted by MR. JESSE are much in the style of a poem in praise of the dog, published in an old folio, A.D. 1625, a translation by J. Molle, Esq., and his son, of the Living Librarie by Camerarius. J. Mycillus, a Latin poet, is said to be the author, and the following is Molle's translation. They seem to deserve wider circulation, and therefore I hope others may read them in the pages of "N. & Q."

"Of any beast, none is more faithful found,
Nor yields more pastime in house, plaine, or woods,
Nor keepes his master's person, or his goods,
With greater care, than doth the dog or hound.
"Command; he thee obeyes most readily.

Strike him; he whines and falls down at thy feet.
Call him he leaves his game and comes to thee
With wagging taile, offring his service meeke.
"In summer's heat he follows by thy pace:

In winter's cold he never leaveth thee:
In mountaines wild he by thee close doth trace;
In all thy feares and dangers true is he.

"Thy friends he loves; and in thy presence lives
By day: by night he watcheth faithfully
That thou in peace mayst sleepe; he never gives
Good entertainment to thine enemie.
"Course, hunt, in hills, in valleyes, or in plaines;
He joyes to run and stretch out every lim:
To please but thee, he spareth for no paines:
His hurt (for thee) is greatest good to him.
"Sometimes he doth present thee with a Hare,
Sometimes he hunts the Stag, the Fox, the Boare,
Another time he baits the Bull and Beare,
And all to make thee sport, and for no more.
"If so thou wilt, a Collar he will weare;

And when thou list to take it off againe
Vnto thy feet he coucheth doune most faire,
As if thy will were all his good and gaine.
"In fields abroad he lookes unto thy flockes,
Keeping them safe from wolves, and other Beasts:
And oftentimes he beares away the knocks

Of some odd thiefe, that many a fold infests. "And as he is the faithful bodies guard,

So he is good within a fort or hold,
Against a quicke surprise to watch and ward;
And all his hire is bread mustie and old.
"Canst thou then such a creature hate and spurne?

Or barre him from such poore and simple food?
Being so fit and faithfull for thy turne,
And no beast else can do thee balfe such good?"
H. T. ELLACOMBE.

BINDING A STONE IN A SLING (3rd S. iv. 9.)Although the Hebrew word cited is not that used for the sling with which Goliath was slain, ybp, (1 Sam. xvii. 40, &c.), nor those of the left-handed men of Benjamin (Judges xx. 16), nor that alluded to by Jeremiah (x. 18), yet there seems to be reasons why the translators should have followed the version of the LXX. The second prefix (D) signifies (see Parkhurst, Grammar, p. 18) "the instrument of action;" thus, the word for a

shield, 13, is literally "the instrument of protection;" so the word in question may be rendered the "stone-instrument," or "implement of defence by casting stones," σpevdóvn, a sling. The word is also used in the feminine form in Psalm lxviii. 28, and there is rendered "defence." See Parkhurst, sub voce,, who gives as its literal meaning a "bulwark of stones." The second reason is, it seems to make better sense of the passages. To hide a precious stone in a heap of common stones might be good policy, if no better means of concealment can be had; but to bind a stone into a sling is as gross a piece of folly as to tie an arrow to the

To bind a stone in a sling would keep it fast there, and prevent its flying out, and so defeat one's own object. And no doubt, giving honour to a fool, often defeats one's own object also. This has often struck me as being the probable meaning; though being no Hebrew scholar, I am aware the word we have translated "bind," may be the usual term for loading the sling. Scott certainly takes it so: his comment is to the effect, that he who places a stone in a sling prepares mischief for somebody, perhaps himself; and so does he who gives unseemly honour to a fool.

P. P.

Comparing the Hebrew word translated "bindeth," in Proverbs xxvi. 8, with the corresponding Arabic, I find in the latter a peculiar sense, which suggests. a not improbable interpretation of this difficult passage. Like the Hebrew, the word signifies to bind," but specially "to tie" or "fasten" the mouth of a bag or purse. Now if we absurdly tie or fasten the stone in a sling we should lose our labour, whirl, and acquire force to no purpose, and not shoot at all. J. R.

THE TYLEE FAMILY (3rd S. iii. 269, 314, 355.) The following information is offered in reference to an inquiry made by D. K. N. of New York.

About the middle of the seventeenth century a branch of this family was residing at Roade, in Somersetshire, and before its close the eldest son of this branch settled in Bath, in the same county; the grandson of this son removed to Devizes, in Wiltshire, in the early part of the last century, and his family continued to reside there and in the neighbourhood till 1842. The head of this family now resides in Paris, and either he or his brothers, the Messrs. Tylee, Solicitors, Essex Street, London, or their cousin, Robert S. Tylee, merchant, of Montreal, Canada, can furnish further inform

ation.

MR. GREVILLE (3rd S. iv. 5.)—Allow me to inform your correspondents MESSRS. COOPER, through your pages, that they will find not a little relative to Mr. Greville while he resided at Wilbury, in the Life of her father by Madame D'Arblay, Dr. Burney having been a frequent guest at Wilbury in Mr. Greville's time. It was Mr. Greville, I may mention, who planted the clumps of trees still seen on the tops of many adjacent hills by permission of the owners, and for the sake of effect from Wilbury, they not being upon that estate. At the time he did so, the hills in question were clothed to their summits with smooth green turf. Now, by a most mistaken policy, they are riven by the plough up to the very edge of

these plantations; a certain and valuable pasture for sheep having been destroyed for the chance of a scanty, but most precarious, crop of corn. The Mr. Greville referred to was, I may add, either grandfather or great grandfather (which I know not) to the present Duchess of Richmond. C. M. Q.

CRUSH A CUP (3rd S. iii. 493; iv. 18.) - People may formerly have been found foolish enough to amuse themselves by wantonly breaking glasses, as our sailors, when flush of cash, used to fry watches in the same pan with poached eggs; but it is not reasonable to suppose one of the servants of the Capulets would invite a person he supposed to be of his own rank to break his master's glasses; and it must be remembered all sorts of glass were of great value in those days. Is it not more likely to suppose the allusion was made to the leathern cups and jacks, from whence our ancestors used to drink? A leathern cup could not be crushed when full, any more than a glove or a boot when on the hand or foot; but it would be easy to do so when empty; and it might not be an unlikely hint from the drinker that he did honour to the good cheer, like the old custom called " supernaculum." A. A.

Poets' Corner.

FAIRY CEMETERIES (3rd S. iii. 263, 352, 414.)— The simulacra of wood in the Lilliputian coffins found in Salisbury Crags suffice to prove that the interments were symbolical, either in memoriam or for the superstitious spells practised throughout Europe from the very dawn of history up to the era of the Reformation; but the diminutive sarcophagi (?) of Kentucky and Tennessee constitute quite another question, of which I have seen notices in various publications. Webber, in his Romance of Natural History (Nelson, 1853), describes these receptacles to be about three feet in length by eighteen inches deep, and constructed, bottom, sides, and top, of flat unhewn stones. These he conjectures to be the places of sepulture of a pigmy race, that became extinct at a period beyond reach even of the tradition of the Indian (so-called) Aborigines.

Now, in the interior of the European and Asiatic continents, and of the larger islands, there are undoubtedly reliquiæ of a non-historic diminutive people; and these are yet existent in India, Borneo, and other countries. They may be the descendants of primitive races, driven inland by invasion of a superior and more powerful people; and in the lapse of a few generations may have lost, by their utter isolation the scanty measure of civilisation that they had formerly attained. Whether such are identical in origin and type of character with the fabricators of the flint implements, and with the pigmy tribes, who left these singular traces of their existence in the wilds of Kentucky

and Tennessee, will probably never be satisfactorily settled; but some of your learned American readers might aid either in solving the mystery or else refuting the statements respecting the primitive Lilliputians of their own conti

nent.

At the risk of casting a stumbling block in the path of imaginative archæologists, I would suggest that these sarcophagi (they are always found empty) were only crypts, or cachets, in which the barbarous hunter of a forgotten age stored his relays of food for protection from wild animals. J. L.

Dublin.

FLODDEN FIELD (3rd S. iv. 7.)—In the third volume of the Archæologia Eliana (new series) there is a "detailed English account of the battle," from the pen of Mr. Robert White of Newcastleupon-Tyne, the historian of "Otterburn," who who has also had printed "A List of the Scottish Noblemen and Gentlemen killed at Flodden Field," with a note of distinguished Scots that were taken and that escaped. The fifth volume of the Archæologia likewise contains a letter on the battle from Bishop Ruthal of Durham, to Wolsey, edited by Mr. White.

C.

The inscription I translate as follows: "This is the Holy Christ, which the Captive Tibocon made, with a nail." Cat is evidently a contraction for cautivo, a captive. I have inserted the preposition con before "La Uña," as Ford' supplies the word in his Hand-Book, referred to by your correspondent. "Con la Uña" may also mean that the crucifixion was made with a nail of the captive. But the other explanation seems to me to be the correct one; for otherwise, as Théophile Gautier observes in his Wanderings in Spain (p. 254) —

"Without being more Voltairean than is necessary in the matter of legends, I cannot help thinking that people must formerly have had very hard nails, or that porphyry was extremely soft," &c.

He left

JAMES SHERGOLD BOONE (3rd S. iii. 510.)—I see in your paper, dated June 27, an inquiry as to the author or chief contributors of the Council of Ten. The author, and almost the sole contributor, was a man of rare and brilliant talent, the late James (I think) Shergold Boone the most eloquent preacher I ever heard. Christ Church, Oxford, with an extraordinary reputation, and his verses which won the Latin and the English prize were far above the average of such compositions. He also wrote an extremely clever jeu d'esprit while an undergraduate, describing the fire at Christ Church, one verse of which I recollect:

"And trembling scouts forgot to cap the Dean." Canning, meaning to patronise him, desired that he would call at his house, which Boone, with the pride of a man of genius (which it is to be wished was more common), refused to do. He was an usher at the Charter House for many years, repeatedly slighted and passed over, and among the many examples that genius is sometimes a fatal gift, so far as the prosperity of this world is concerned, to its possessor. Dunce after dunce beat the brilliant scholar and accomplished orator, who, when an undergraduate excited (notwithstanding his lowly birth) universal admiration in the most patrician of all societies, and who, as a preacher, certainly had no rival in this island. I am no relation or friend, but a slight acquaintance.

Τοῦτό νυ καὶ γέρας οἷον ὀϊζυροῖσι βροτοῖσι,
Κειράσθαί τε κόμην.

CAIUS.

Origin of the WORD BIGOT (3rd S. iv. 39.) — There is another story relating to the origin of this word extant, the substance of which is as follows: After Rollo, Duke of Normandy, had received the daughter of Charles the Foolish in marriage, with the investiture of his dukedom, he haughtily refused to kiss Charles's foot. His friends entreated him not to be obstinate, but at once to comply with the command; but having no desire to avail himself of the proffered mark of esteem, he replied "Ne se bi Got." Upon which the courtiers called him ever after "Bigot."

JOHN BOWEN ROWLANDS.

of Sandtoft, but could gain no tidings of it. What particulars Mr. Hunter could furnish are to be found at p. 106 of my History. Had the register been found, it would have been taken charge of under the Royal Commissions of 1836, or of 1857, of which I had the honour of being a Commissioner, and great pains were taken to gather in all non-parochial records. JOHN S. BURN.

Miscellaneous.

NOTES ON BOOKS.

A History of the Chantries within the County Palatine of Lancaster; being the Reports of the Royal Commissioners of Henry VIII, Edward VI., and Queen Mary. Edited by the Rev. F. R. Raines, M.A., F.S.A., &c. In Two Volumes. (Printed for the Chetham Society.)

This new publication of the Chetham Society is a contribution, not only towards the history of the County Palatine of Lancaster, but also towards that of the Re

formation. They have been printed from Office Copies of the original Reports of the Commissioners, preserved in the Office of the Duchy of Lancaster; and the editorship of them has been entrusted to the Rev. F. R. Raines, a gentleman who has executed his task with great zeal, industry, and intelligence. In his Introduction, the editor gives us much curious information as to the origin and nature of these chantries, some of which are as early as the thirteenth century-although the greater part of them may be assigned to the later Plantagenets and early Tudor Period- and their subsequent history; and in his Notes upon the Reports themselves, the Editor furnishes a vast amount of genealogical information of great interest to Lancashire people especially, and which is made available to all by capital Indices.

Heraldic Visitation of the Northern Counties in 1530. By Thomas Tonge, Norroy King-of-Arms. With an Ap pendix of other Heraldic Documents relating to the North of England. Edited by W. Hylton Dyer Longstaffe, F.S.A. (Printed for the Surtees Society.)

The local Publishing Societies are up and doing. Here we have a valuable contribution to Genealogical History from the Surtees Society-for of the value of this volume there can be no doubt, since, in the words of the editor, it "is the first of a Series, and the very keystone of Durham and Yorkshire genealogies;" and at the time of the next extant Visitation, the religious houses, which form so unusual a feature in this one, were no longer in being. Mr. Longstaffe has added to the value of Tonge's Visitation, by publishing with it an Appendix of cognate documents.

BOOKS RECEIVED.—

The Complete Angler of Isaac Walton and Charles Cotton. (Bell & Daldy.)

Sea Songs and Ballads, by Charles Dibdin and others. (Bell & Daldy.)

These two additions to the beautiful series of Pocket Volumes issued by our worthy publishers are addressed to very different classes of readers. The former has special charms for those who love to fish

"In quiet rivers, by whose falls

Melodious birds sing madrigals;"

while the other will delight those who go down to the sea in ships, and who love to dwell on the memory of the mighty deeds of Nelson and his brave associates.

The Historical Works of Giraldus Cambrensis, containing the Topography of Ireland, and the History of the Conquest of Ireland, translated by Thomas Forester, Esq.. M.A. The Itinerary through Wales, and the Description of Wales, translated by Sir R. Colt Hoare, Bart. Revised and Edited with Additional Notes, by Thomas Wright, Esq., M.A. (H. G. Bohn.)

We are glad to see that Mr. Bohn is resuming the publication of his useful Antiquarian Library; and we do not think he could make a fresh start with a more curious volume than this collection of the works of Giraldus Cambrensis.

THE QUARTERLY REVIEW.-The new number of the Quarterly opens with an article to which the present condition of the Polish question gives peculiar interest; namely, one on "The Resources and Future of Austria.' This is followed by an interesting paper on "The Natural History of the Bible," in which the prevalent ignorance of the natural history of Palestine is clearly shown. The next paper, "Glacial Theories," is well-timed for Alpine travellers; and is followed by the political paper of the number, "Our Colonial System." A pleasant biographical paper on Washington Irving" is followed by a clever exposure of "Modern Spiritualism." "Sacred followed by a paper on "Rome as it is;" and a very Trees and Flowers," an article rich in curious learning, is varied and amusing Quarterly is brought to a close by a paper on "The Nile and the Discoveries of Speke and Grant."

BOOKS AND ODD VOLUMES

WANTED TO PURCHASE.

Particulars of Price, &c., of the following Books to be sent direct to the gentlemen by whom they are required, and whose names and addresses are given for that purpose:

BRITTON'S HISTORY OF NORWICH CATHEDRAL.
MISSALE SECUNDUM USUM SARUM, 1515. Whole or part.

Wanted by Rev. J. C. Jackson, 5, Chatham Place East,
Hackney, N.E.

CLARENDON'S, HENRY HYDE, EARL OF, CORRESPONDENCE, edited by Singer. Vol. i. 4to, 1828.

TUCKER'S LIGHT OF NATURE PURSUED, by Mildmay. Vol. i. 8vo. cloth,

1834.

KNIGHT'S LONDON. Vols. I. and VI. Imp. 8vo. cloth, 1842-3.
LIVY'S HISTORY, edited by Twiss. Vols. I. and II. 8vo, cloth.
WESLEY'S CHRISTIAN LIBRARY. Vol. Xxxvii. Calf, 1754.
SMITH'S SACRED ANNALS: HEBREW PEOPLE. Part II.
COUCH'S CORNISH FAUNA. Part I.

HITCHINS AND DREW'S CORNWALL. Vol. II. 4to, large paper. In parts or boards.

HENWOOD'S METALLIFEROUS DEPOSITS OF CORNWALL AND DEVON. 1843. HAWKER'S RECORDS OF THE WESTERN SHORE.

ECHOES OF OLD CORNWALL.

PRYCE'S ARCHEOLOGIA CORNU-BRITANNICA. 4to, 1790.
MINERALOGIA CORNUBIENSIS. Folio, 1778.

COLLECTANEA CURIOSA. Vol. I. 1781.

WELLINGTON'S LIFE AND TIMES, by Williams. Part XXXII. Portrait or Autograph of Dr. Wm. Borlase.

Wanted by Mr. J. Kinsman, 2, Chapel Street, Penzance.

Notices to Correspondents.

G. R. M. Andrew Pikeman and Nicholas de Twiford were Sheriff's of London and Middlesex 1 Richard II., A.D. 1377-8.

JEAN Y-(York.) For the origin of the terms High and Low Churchmen, see "N. & Q." 1st S. viii. 117; x. 260, 278.

L. K. For one method of restoring soiled books, see our 2nd S. ix.

186.

ERRATUM. 3rd S. iv. p. 46, col. i. line 2, for "stars" read" stones." "NOTES AND QUERIES" is published at noon on Friday, and is also issued in MONTHLY PARTS. The Subscription for STAMPED COPIES for Six Months forwarded direct from the Publishers (including the Halfyearly INDEX) is 118. 4d., which may be paid by Post Office Order in favour of MESSRS. BELL AND DALDY, 186, FLEET STREET, E.C., to whom all COMMUNICATIONS FOR THE EDITOR should be addressed.

Full benefit of reduced duty obtained by purchasing Horniman's Pure Tea; very choice at 38. 4d. and 48. "High Standard" at 48. 4d. (formerly 48. 8d.), is the strongest and most delicious imported. Agents in every town supply it in Packets.