THE offices which frankly face the facts and write down all their And A MAN who is taxed at the rate of one shilling in the pound can procure as much insurance as an annual premium of £105 5s. 3d. will buy, and yet tax allowance brings his net payment down to £100. But if the rate of tax is raised to two shillings he at once is enabled to secure the sum insured which a premium of £111 28. 3d. will buy, without actually spending a penny in excess of the £100. And so, with the higher rates of tax on unearned income, and with the super-tax itself, you can follow the effects of this compensation until you find that the rich man, although he groans under a total tax of five shillings in the pound, can, at any rate, turn to life insurance and effect a policy of £40,000 for the price of one of £30,000. Such rebates as, indeed, are now available to men of even moderate incomes make an immense difference in the ultimate yield of life insurance policies, and they should be, in all fairness, set off against the diminished bonuses which may be necessary in the earlier years until stocks have been written down to proper values and equilibrium eventually restored. DEFENCE OF THE REALM. AT the Court at Buckingham Palace, the 28th day of November, 1914. Present, the King's Most Excellent Majesty in Council. Whereas by the Defence of the Realm Consolidation Act, 1914, His Majesty has power during the continuance of the present war to issue Regulations for securing the public safety and the defence of the Realm subject to and in accordance with that Act: And whereas by Orders in Council dated respectively the 12th of August, the 1st and 17th of September, and the 14th of October, 1914, His Majesty was pleased to issue various Regulations under the Defence of the Realm Act, 1914, and the Defence of the Realm (No. 2) Act, 1914, and by virtue of the said Defence of the Realm Consolidation Act, 1914, those Orders in Council shall until altered or revoked by an Order in Council under the last-mentioned Act continue in force and have effect as if made under that Act: And whereas it is expedient to revoke the said Orders in Council and to issue such Regulations as are hereinafter contained: NOW, THEREFORE, His Majesty is pleased, by and with the advice of His Privy Council, to order, and it is hereby ordered as follows: General Regulations. 1. The ordinary avocations of life and the enjoyment of property will be interfered with as little as may be permitted by the exigencies of the measures required to be taken for securing the public safety and the defence of the Realm, and ordinary civil offences will be dealt with by the civil tribunals in the ordinary course of law. The Admiralty and Army Council, and members of the Naval and Military Forces, and other persons executing the following Regulations shall, in carrying those Regulations into effect, observe these general principles. Powers of competent naval and military authorities, &c. 2. It shall be lawful for the competent naval or military authority and any person duly authorised by him, where for the purpose of securing the public safety or the defence of the Realm it is necessary so to do (a) to take possession of any land and to construct military works, including roads, thereon, and to remove any trees, hedges, and fences therefrom; (b) to take possession of any buildings or other property including works for the supply of gas, electricity, or water, and of any sources of water supply; (c) to take such steps as may be necessary for placing any buildings or structures in a state of defence; (d) to cause any buildings or structures to be destroyed, or any property to be moved from one place to another, or to be destroyed; (e) to take possession of any arms, ammunition, explosive substances, equipment, or warlike stores (including lines, cables, and other apparatus intended to be laid or used for telegraphic or telephonic purposes); (f) to do any other act involving interference with private rights of property which is necessary for the purpose aforesaid. 3. The competent naval or military authority and any person duly authorised by him shall have right of access to any land or buildings or other property whatsoever. 4. The competent naval or military authority may by order authorise the use of land, within such limits as may be specified in the order, for the training of any part of His Majesty's naval or military forces; and may by such order confer such rights of user of the land, and provide for such temporary suspension of rights of way over roads and footpaths, as are conferred and are exerciseable with respect to authorised land roads and footpaths under the Military Manoeuvres Acts, 1897 and 1911, and the competent naval or military authority shall have all the powers exerciseable by a Military Manoeuvres Commission under those Acts. 5. The competent naval or military authority may by order if he considers it necessary so to do for the purpose of any work of defence or other defended military work, or of any work for which it is deemed necessary in the interests of public safety or the defence of the Realm to afford military protection, stop up or divert any road or pathway over or adjoining the land on which such work is situate for so long as the order remains in force: Provided that where any such road or pathway is so stopped up or diverted the competent naval or military authority shall publish notice thereof in such manner as he may consider best adapted for informing the public, and where any road or pathway is stopped up by means of any physical obstruction he shall cause lights sufficient for the warning of passengers to be set up every night whilst the road or pathway is so stopped up. 6. The competent naval or military authority may by order require all or any vehicles, boats, vessels, aircraft, transport animals, live stock, foodstuffs, fuel, tools, and implements of whatever description, and all or any forms of equipment and warlike stores, within any area specified in the order to be removed from that area within such time as may be so specified, or in the case of warlike stores incapable of removal to be destroyed, and if any person being the owner or having control thereof fail to comply with the requisition, he shall be guilty of an offence against these regulations, and the competent naval or military authority may himself cause them to be removed or in the case of warlike stores to be destroyed. 7. The Admiralty or Army Council may by order require the occupier of any factory or workshop in which arms, ammunition, or any warlike stores or equipment, or any articles required for the production thereof, are manufactured, to place at their disposal the whole or any part of the output of the factory or workshop as may be specified in the order, and to deliver to them the output or such part thereof as aforesaid in such quantities and at such times as may be specified in the order; and the occupier of the factory or workshop shall be entitled to receive in respect thereof such price as, in default of agreement, may be decided to be reasonable having regard to the circumstances of the case by the arbitration of a judge of the High Court selected by the Lord Chief Justice of England in England, by a judge of the Court of Session selected by the Lord President of the Court of Session in Scotland, or by a judge of the High Court of Ireland selected by the Lord Chief Justice of Ireland in Ireland. If the occupier of the factory or workshop fails to comply with the order, or without the leave of the Admiralty or Army Council delivers to any other person any part of the output of the factory or workshop to which the order relates, he shall be guilty of an offence against these regulations. 8. The Admiralty or Army Council may take possession of any such factory or workshop as aforesaid, or of any plant belonging thereto without taking possession of the factory or workshop itself, and may use the same for His Majesty's naval or military service at such times and in such manner as the Admiralty or Army Council may consider necessary or expedient, and the occupier and every officer and servant of the occupier, and, where the occupier is a company, every director of the Company shall obey the directions of the Admiralty or Army Council as to the user of the factory or workshop or plant, and if he fails to do so he shall be guilty of an offence against these Regulations. 9. The competent naval or military authority may by order require the whole or any part of the inhabitants of any area specified in the order to leave that area if the removal of such inhabitants from that area is necessary for naval or military reasons, and if any person to whom the order relates fails to comply with the order he shall be guilty of an offence against these Regulations and the competent naval or military authority may cause such steps to be taken as may be necessary to enforce compliance therewith. 10. The competent naval or military authority may by order require all or any premises licensed for the sale of intoxicating liquor within any area specified in the order to be closed except during such hours and for such purposes as may be specified in the order, either generally or as respects the members of any of His Majesty's forces mentioned in the order, and, if the holder of the licence in respect of any such premises fails to comply with the order, he shall be guilty of an offence under these Regulations, and the competent naval or military authority may cause such steps to be taken as may be necessary to enforce compliance with the order. 11. The Secretary of State or any person authorised by him may by order direct that all or any lights, or lights of any class or description, shall be extinguished or obscured in such manner and between such hours as the order directs, within any area specified in the order and during such period as may be so specified, and if the person having control of the light fails to comply with the order, he shall be guilty of an offence against these Regulations, and the Secretary of State may cause the light to be extinguished or obscured as the case may be, and for that purpose any person authorised by the Secretary of State in that behalf or any police constable may enter the premises in which the light is displayed, and do any other act which may be necessary. Any such order as aforesaid may provide that vehicles or vehicles of any class or description shall, when travelling within the area specified in the order during the period between one hour after sunset and one hour before sunrise, carry such lamps as may be specified in the order, properly trimmed lighted and attached; and any police officer may stop and seize any vehicle which does not carry lamps in compliance with the order, and the person in charge or having control of the vehicle shall be guilty of a summary offence against these Regulations. The powers conferred by this Regulation shall be in addition to, and not in derogation of, the powers conferred on the competent naval or military authority by Regulation 12, and the competent naval or military authority may, notwithstanding anything in an order under this Regulation, on any occasion when he may consider lights necessary for any naval or military purpose, require any lights to be lighted or kept lighted. In the application of this Regulation to Scotland, references to the Secretary for Scotland shall be substituted for references to the Secretary of State. 12. The competent naval or military authority may by order direct that all or any lights, other than lights not visible from the outside of any house, shall be kept extinguished or obscured between such hours and within such area as may be specified in the order; and if any person resident within that area fails to comply with the order he shall be guilty of an offence against these Regulations. 13. The competent naval or military authority may by order require every person within any area specified in the order to remain within doors between such hours as may be specified in the order, and in such case, if any person within that area is or remains out between such hours without a permit in writing from the competent naval or military authority or some person duly authorised by him, he shall be guilty of an offence against these Regulations. 14. Where a person is suspected of acting, or of having acted, or of being about to act in a manner prejudicial to the public safety or the defence of the Realm and it appears to the competent naval or military authority that it is desirable that such person should be prohibited from residing in or entering any locality, the competent naval or military authority may by order prohibit him from residing in or entering any area or areas which may be specified in the order and upon the making of such an order the person to whom the order relates shall, if he resides in any specified area, leave that area within such time as may be specified by the order, and shall not subsequently reside in or enter any area specified in the order, and if he does so he shall be guilty of an offence against these Regulations. Any such order may further require the person to whom the order relates to report for his approval his proposed place of residence to the competent naval or military authority and to proceed thereto and report his arrival to the police within such time as may be specified in the order, and not subsequently to change his place of residence without leave of the competent naval or military authority, and in such case if he fails to comply with the requirements of the order he shall be guilty of an offence against these Regulations. 15. Where a competent naval or military authority makes an order for the purpose, all persons residing or owning or occupying lands, houses or other premises in such area as may be specified in the order, or such of those persons as may be so specified, shall, within such time as may be so specified, furnish a list of all goods, animals, and other commodities of any nature or description so specified, which may be in their custody or under their control within the specified area on the date on which the order is issued, stating their nature and quantity and the place in which they are severally situate, and giving any other details which may reasonably be required. If any person fails to comply with any such order or attempts to evade this Regulation by destroying, removing, or secreting any goods, animals or commodities to which an order issued under this Regulation relates, he shall be guilty of an offence against these Regulations. 16. The competent naval or military authority may by order require the authority or person controlling any harbour, dock, wharf, waterworks, gasworks, electric light or power station, or other structure, to prepare a scheme for destroying or rendering useless the equipment or facilities of the harbour, dock, wharf, waterworks, gasworks, station, or structure, or such part thereof as may be specified in the order, and if the authority or person fails to prepare such a scheme within such time as may be specified in the order, he shall be guilty of an offence against these Regulations. 17. The restriction on the power to make bye-laws under the Military Lands Acts, 1892 to 1903, imposed by the following provisions of the Military Lands Act, 1892, that is to say, the proviso to sub-section (1) of section fourteen, section sixteen, and subsection (1) of section seventeen of that Act, and by the following provisions of the Military Lands Act, 1900, that is to say, the provisos to sub-section (2) of section two and sub-section (3) of section two of that Act, are hereby suspended, and the powers of the Admiralty and the Secretary of State to make bye-laws under the said Acts shall extend to the making of bye-laws with respect to land of which possession has been taken under these Regulations. Provisions respecting the collection and con munication of information, &.c. 18. No person shall without lawful authority collect, record, publish or communicate, or attempt to elicit, any information with respect to the movement, numbers, description, condition, or disposition of any of the forces, ships, or war materials of His Majesty or any of His Majesty's allies, or with respect to the plans or conduct, or supposed plans or conduct, of any naval or military operations by any such forces or ships, or with respect to any works or measures undertaken for or connected with, or intended for the fortification or defence of any place, or any other information intended to be communicated to the enemy or of such a nature as is calculated to be or might be directly or indirectly useful to the enemy, and if any person contravenes the provisions of this Regulation, or without lawful authority or excuse has in his possession any document containing any such information as aforesaid, he shall be guilty of an offence against these Regulations 19. No person shall without the permission of the competent naval or military authority make any photograph, sketch, plan, model, or other representation of any naval or military work, or of any dock or harbour work or, with intent to assist the enemy. of any other place or thing, and no person in the vicinity of any such work shall without lawful authority or excuse have in his possession any photographic or other apparatus or other material or thing suitable for use in making any such representation, and if any person contravenes the provisions of this Regulation or without lawful authority or excuse has in his possession any representation of any such work of such a nature as is calculated to be or might be directly or indirectly useful to the enemy, he shall be guilty of an offence against these Regulations. For the purpose of this Regulation the expression "harbour work" includes lights, buoys, beacons, marks, and other things for the purpose of facilitating navigation in or into a harbour. 20. No person without lawful authority shall injure, or tamper, or interfere with, any wire or other apparatus for transmitting telegraphic or telephonic messages, or any apparatus or contrivance intended for or capable of being used for a signalling apparatus, either visual or otherwise, or prevent or obstruct or in any manner whatsoever interfere with the sending, conveyance or delivery of any communication by means of telegraph, telephone, or otherwise, or be in possession of any apparatus intended for or capable of being used for tapping messages sent by wireless telegraphy or otherwise, and if any person contravenes the provisions of this regulation he shall be guilty of an offence against these regulations. 21. No person shall keep or have in his possession or carry or liberate or bring into the United Kingdom any carrier or homing pigeons, unless he has obtained from the chief officer of police of the district a permit for the purpose, and if any person without lawful authority contravenes the provisions of this regulation he shall be guilty of an offence against these regulations, and the chief officer of police or any officer of customs and excise may, if he considers it necessary or expedient to do so, cause any pigeons kept or brought into the United Kingdom in contravention of this regulation to be liberated, detained, or destroyed, or, in the case of pigeons brought into the United Kingdom, to be immediately returned in the ship in which they came. Any person found in possession of or found carrying or liberating any carrier pigeons shall, if so required by any naval or military officer or by any sailor or soldier engaged on sentry patrol or other similar duty or by any officer of police, produce his permit, and if he fails to do so may be arrested. 22. No person shall, without the written permission of the Postmaster-General, buy, sell, or have in his possession or under his control any apparatus for the sending or receiving of messages by wireless telegraphy, or any apparatus intended to be used as a component part of such apparatus; and no person shall sell any such apparatus to any person who has not obtained such permission as aforesaid; and if any person contravenes the provisions of this regulation he shall be guilty of an offence against these regulations. If the competent naval or military authority has reason to suspect that any person having in his possession any apparatus for sending or receiving messages by telegraphy, telephony, or other electrical or mechanical means, is using or about to use the same for any purpose prejudicial to the public safety or the defence of the realm, he may, by order, prohibit that person from having any such apparatus in his possession, and may take such steps as are necessary for enforcing the order, and if that person subsequently has in his possession any apparatus in contravention of the order he shall be guilty of an offence against these Regulations. For the purposes of this Regulation any apparatus ordinarily used as a distinctive component part of apparatus for the sending or receiving of messages by wireless telegraphy shall be deemed to be intended to be so used unless the contrary is proved. 23. Where the competent naval or military authority or any person duly authorised by him or an aliens officer has reason to suspect that any person who is about to embark on any ship, vessel, or aircraft is attempting to leave the United Kingdom for the purpose of communicating directly or indirectly with the enemy or with any subject of any sovereign or state at war with His Majesty, he may prevent the embarkation of that person. Where the embarkation of any person has been so prevented the case shall be reported to a Secretary of State, and the Secretary of State may if he thinks fit by order prohibit that person at any time subsequently from leaving the United Kingdom so long as the order is in force, and if any person leaves the United Kingdom in contravention of such an order he shall be guilty of an offence against these Regulations. 24. No person shall without lawful authority transmit, otherwise than through the post, or convey to or from the United Kingdom, or receive or have in his possession for such transmission or conveyance any letter or written message from or originating with, or to or intended for- (a) any person or body of persons, of whatever nationality, resident or carrying on business in any country for the time being at war with His Majesty, or acting on behalf or in the interests of any person or body of persons so resident or carrying on business; or (b) any person or body of persons whose sovereign or state is at war with His Majesty, and who resides or carries on business in the United Kingdom; and if any person contravenes this provision he shall be guilty of an offence against these regulations : Provided that a person shall not be deemed to be guilty of a contravention of this Regulation if he proves that he did not know, and had no reason to suspect, that the letter or message in question was such a letter or message as aforesaid. This Regulation is in addition to and not in derogation of any provisions contained in the enactments relating to the Post Office, and shall not prejudice any right to take proceedings under those enactments in respect of any transaction which is an offence against those enactments. 25. No person shall without lawful authority be in possession of any searchlight, semaphore, or other apparatus intended for signalling, whether visual or otherwise, or display, erect, or use any signal, and if any person contravenes this provision he shall be guilty of an offence against these regulations; and the competent naval or military authority may require any flagstaff or other erection capable of being used as a means of signalling to be removed, and if the owner thereof fails to comply with the requirement, he shall be guilty of an offence against these Regulations and the competent naval or military authority may cause the flag-staff or other erection to be removed. 26. No person shall without the permission of the competent naval or military authority, or some person authorised by him, display any light or ignite or otherwise make use of any fireworks or other similar device or any fire in such a manner as could serve as a signal, guide, or landmark, and if he does so he shall be guilty of an offence against these Regulations. tion of any of His Majesty's forces, and if any person contravenes this provision he shall be guilty of an offence against these Regulations. Provisions against injury to railways, military works, &c. 28. No person shall trespass on any railway, or loiter on, under or near any tunnel bridge viaduct or culvert, or on or in any road path or other place, being a road path or place to which access has been forbidden by order of the competent naval or military authority and if he does shall be guilty of an offence against these Regulations. If any person does any injury to any railway, or is upon any railway, or on under or near any tunnel bridge viaduct or culvert, or loiters on or in any road or path or other place near a railway tunnel bridge viaduct or culvert, with intent to do injury thereto, he shall be guilty of an offence against these Regulations. 29. The competent naval or military authority may by order prohibit any person from approaching within such distance as may be specified in the order of any camp, work of defence or other defended military work, or any work to which it is deemed necessary in the interest of the public safety or the defence of the Realm, to afford military protection, and if any person contravenes any such order he shall be guilty of an offence against these Regulations. Provisions as to arms and explosives. 30. The competent naval or military authority may by order prohibit the manufacture or sale of firearms, ammunition, or explosive substances or any class thereof, within the area specified in the order, either absolutely or except subject to such conditions as may be specified in the order, and if any person without a permit from the competent naval or military authority manufactures, sells, or has in his possession for sale within the area so specified any arms, ammunition, or explosive substance in contravention of the order or fails to comply with the conditions imposed by the order he shall be guilty of an offence against these Regulations. 31. No person shall bring into the United Kingdom any firearms military arms or ammunition or any explosive substance without a permit from the competent naval or military authority, and if he does so shall be guilty of an offence against these Regulations, and any person authorised for the purpose by the competent naval or military authority, and any police constable or officer of customs and excise, may examine, search and investigate any ship or vessel for the purpose of the enforcement of this provision, and may seize any arms or ammunition or any explosive substance which are being or have been brought into the United Kingdom without such permit as aforesaid. 32. If any person by the discharge of firearms or otherwise endangers the safety of any member of any of His Majesty's forces he shall be guilty of an offence against these Regulations. 33. No person, without the written permission of the competent naval or military authority, shall, on or in the vicinity of any railway or in or in the vicinity of any dock harbour or in or in the vicinity of any area which may be specified in an order made by the competent naval or military authority, be in possession of any explosive substance or any highly inflammable liquid, in quantities exceeding the immediate requirements of his business or occupation, or of any firearms or ammunition (except such shotguns, and ammunition, therefor, as are ordinarily used for sporting purposes in the United Kingdom), and if any person contravenes this provision he shall be guilty of an offence against these Regulations. 34. Every place used for the storage of petroleum, turpentine, methylated spirit, wood naphtha, or any other highly inflammable liquid, exceeding in the aggregate one hundred gallons shall be surrounded by a retaining wall or embankment so designed and constructed as to form an enclosure which will prevent in any circumstances the escape of any part of the petroleum or other inflammable liquid. This requirement shall not apply to any storage place sunk below the level of the ground so as to form a pit, nor to any storage place so situated that the overflow of the petroleum or liquid from the vessel or vessels in which it is contained could not in case of fire seriously endanger life or cause material damage to property. If any person uses or permits to be used, for the storage of petroleum or other such inflammable liquid, any premises which do not comply with the requirements of this Regulation he shall be guilty of an offence against these Regulations. For the purposes of this Regulation petroleum" means petroleum as defined in section three of the Petroleum Act, 1871, having a flashpoint below 150° F. (Abel). Nothing in this Regulation shall prejudice the effect of any requirements as to the storage of petroleum or other inflammable liquid lawfully imposed by any local authority, or the taking of any proceedings in respect of the violation of such requirements. 35. No person shall, in any prescribed area, have in his possession or in premises in his occupation or under his control any celluloid or any cinematograph film exceeding the prescribed amount, unless he has obtained the prescribed permit and observes all the prescribed requirements, and if any person contravenes this provision he shall be guilty of a summary offence against these Regulations. Any police constable or any person authorised in writing by the Chief Officer of Police of the district, may enter, if need be by force, and search any premises in which he has reasonable cause to believe that celluloid or cinematograph film is kept or stored; and, if the prescribed permit has not been obtained or if any of the prescribed requirements are not complied with, may remove and destroy any such celluloid or film. For the purpose of this Regulation "celluloid" includes the substances known as celluloid or xylonite and other similar substances containing nitro-cellulose or other nitrated product, but does not include celluloid which has been subjected to any manufacturing process: and cinematograph film" means any film which is intended for use in cinematograph or similar apparatus and contains nitro-cellulose or other nitrated product: and "prescribed" means prescribed by order made by a Secretary of State, or, in Scotland, by the Secretary for Scotland. Provision as to navigation. 36. If the master of a ship, or any other person, disobeys or neglects to observe any Regulations relating to the navigation or mooring of ships in a harbour or the approaches thereto, or any signals from, or any orders, whether verbal or written, of the competent naval or military authority, of the harbour, or any examining or other officer acting under his authority, relating to such navigation or mooring, he shall be guilty of an offence against these Regulations. 37. Every vessel shall comply with such Regulations as to the navigation of vessels as may be issued by the Admiralty or Army Council, and shall obey any orders given, whether by way of signal or otherwise, by any officer in command of any of His Majesty's ships, or by any naval or military officer engaged in the defence of the coast. If any vessel fails to comply with any such Regulations or to obey any such orders, the master or other person in command or charge of the vessel shall be guilty of an offence against these Regulations, and if the vessel is at any time subsequently found at a port of, or within the territorial waters adjacent to, the United Kingdom, the competent naval or military authority may cause the vessel to be seized and detained. This Regulation shall not apply to a vessel not being a British vessel where the non-compliance with the regulations or disobedience to the orders takes place on the high seas outside the territorial waters adjacent to the United Kingdom. 38. The Admiralty or Army Council may by order prohibit any vessel, or any vessel of any class or description specified in the order, from entering any area which they may consider it is necessary to keep clear of vessels, or vessels of that class or description, in the interests of the public safety or the defence of the realm, and if any vessel, or any vessel of that specified class or description, enters any such area, the master or other person in command or charge of the vessel shall be guilty of an offence against these Regulations. This Regulation shall not apply to a vessel not being a British vessel so far as the area specified in the order extends beyond the territorial waters adjacent to the United Kingdom. 39. The Admiralty or Army Council, or any pilotage authority acting under their instructions, may make orders as to the pilotage of vessels entering, leaving or making use of any port or navigating within any part of the territorial waters adjacent to the United Kingdom, and any such order may provide for pilotage being compulsory for all or any class or such vessels within such limits as may be specified in the order, for the granting of special pilotage licences and the suspension of existing pilotage licences and certificates, and for the supply, employment, and payment of pilots. Any enactment, order, charter, custom, byelaw, regulation or provision in force for the time being in any area to which any such order relates shall have effect subject to the provisions of the order. If any person fails to comply with the provisions of any such order he shall be guilty of an offence against these Regulations. Miscellaneous Offences. 40. If any person with the intent of eliciting information for the purpose of communicating it to the enemy or for any purpose calculated to assist the enemy, gives or sells to a member of any of His Majesty's forces any intoxicant, or gives or sells to a member of any of His Majesty's forces any intoxicant when not on duty, with intent to make him drunk or less capable of the efficient discharge of his duties, or when on sentry or other duty, either with or without any such intent, he shall be guilty of an offence against these Regulations. For the purposes of this Regulation the expression intoxicant “ includes any intoxicating liquor, and any sedative, narcotic, or stimulant drug or preparation. 41. If any unauthorised person wears any naval, military, police or other official uniform, or any uniform so nearly resembling any such uniform as aforesaid as to be calculated to deceive, or if any person without lawful authority supplies a naval or military uniform to any person not being a member of His Majesty's forces, he shall be guilty of an offence against these Regulations. 42. If any person attempts to cause mutiny, sedition, or disaffection among any of His Majesty's forces or among the civilian population he shall be guilty of an offence against these Regulations. 43. No person shall obstruct or otherwise interfere with or impede, or withhold any information in his possession which he may reasonably be required to furnish from, any officer or other person who is carrying out the orders of the competent naval or military authority, or who is otherwise acting in accordance with his duty under these Regulations, and if he does so shall be guilty of an offence against these Regulations. 44. If any person, verbally or in writing, in any report, return, declaration, or application, or in any document signed by him or on his behalf of which it is his duty to ascertain the accuracy, knowingly makes or connives at the making of any false statement or any omission, with intent to mislead any officer, or other person acting under the orders of any officer, in the execution of his duties, he shall be guilty of an offence against these Regulations. 45. If any person forges alters or tampers with any naval military or police pass, permit or other document, or uses or has in his possession any such forged, altered or irregular naval, military, or police pass, permit or document, or personates any person to whom such a pass, permit or other document has been duly issued, he shall be guilty of an offence against these Regulations. 46. If any person is found in possession of a false passport or, being a subject of a Sovereign or State at war with His Majesty, passes under an assumed name, he shall be guilty of an offence against these Regulations. 47. It shall be the duty of every person affected by any order issued by the competent naval or military authority or other person in pursuance of these Regulations to comply with that order, and if he fails to do so he shall be guilty of an offence against these Regulations. 48. Any person who attempts to commit, or procures aids or abets, or does any act preparatory to, the commission of, any act prohibited by these Regulations, or harbours any person whom he knows, or has reasonable grounds for supposing, to have acted in contravention of the Regulations, shall be guilty of an offence against these Regulations. 49. It shall be the duty of any person who knows that some other person is acting in contravention of any provisions of these Regulations to inform the competent naval or military authority of the fact, and if he fails to do so he shall be guilty of an offence against these Regulations. 50. If any person does any act of such a nature as to be calculated to be prejudicial to the public safety or the defence of the Realm and not specifically provided for in the foregoing Regulations, with the intention or for the purpose of assisting the enemy, he shall be deemed to be guilty of an offence against these Regulations. Powers of search, arrest, &c. 51. The competent naval or military authority, or any person duly authorised by him may, if he has reason to suspect that any house, building, land, vehicle, vessel, aircraft, or other premises or any things therein are being or have been constructed, used or kept for any purpose, or in any way prejudicial to the public safety or the defence of the Realm, or that an offence against these Regulations is being or has been committed thereon or therein, enter, if need be by force, the house, building, land, vehicle, vessel, aircraft, or premises at any time of the day or night, and examine, search and inspect the same or any part thereof, and may seize anything found therein which he has reason to suspect is being used or intended to be used for any such purpose as aforesaid, or is being kept or used in contravention of these Regulations (including, where a report or statement in contravention of Regulation 27 has appeared in any newspaper or other printed publication, any type or other plant used or capable of being used for the printing or production of the newspaper or other publication), and the competent naval or military authority may order anything so seized to be destroyed or otherwise disposed of. 52. Any officer, or any soldier or sailor engaged on sentry patrol or other similar duty, and any police officer may stop any vehicle travelling along any public highway, and, if he has reason to suspect that the vehicle is being used for any purpose or in any way prejudicial to the public safety or the defence of the Realm, may search and seize the vehicle, and seize anything found there 'n which he has reason to suspect is being used or intended to be used for any such purpose as aforesaid. 53. It shall be the duty of any person, if so required by an officer, or by a soldier or sailor engaged on sentry patrol or other similar duty, or by a police constable, to stop and answer to the best of his ability and knowledge any questions which may be reasonably addressed to him, and if he refuses or fails to do so he shall be guilty of an offence against these Regulations. The competent naval or military authority may by order require any person or persons of any class or description to furnish him, either verbally or in writing, with such information as may be specified in the order, and the order may require any person to attend at such time and such place as may be specified in the order for the purpose of furnishing such information, and if any person fails to comply with the order he shall be guilty of an offence against these Regulations. 54. Any person landing or embarking at any place in the United Kingdom shall, on being required to do so by the competent naval or military authority or any person authorised by him, or by an aliens officer or officer of police, make a declaration as to whether or not he is carrying or conveying any letter or other written messages intended to be transmitted by post or otherwise delivered, and, if so required, shall produce to the person making the requisition any such letters or messages; and the competent naval or military authority or person authorised by him or aliens or police officer may search any such person and any baggage with a view to ascertaining whether such person or the person to whom the baggage belongs is carrying or conveying any such letters or messages. The competent naval or military authority or persons authorised by him or aliens or police officer may examine any letters or other messages so produced to him or found on such search, and unless satisfied that they are of an innocent nature, may transmit them to an officer appointed to censor postal correspondence. Any person who knowingly makes any false declaration under this Regulation, or on being required to produce any such letters or messages as aforesaid refuses or neglects to do so, shall be guilty of an offence against these regulations. 55. Any person authorised for the purpose by the competent naval or military authority, or any police constable or officer of customs and excise or aliens officer, may arrest without warrant any person whose behaviour is of such a nature as to give reasonable grounds for suspecting that he has acted or is acting or is about to act in a manner prejudicial to the public safety or the defence of the Realm, or upon whom may be found any article, book, letter, or other document, the possession of which gives grounds for such a suspicion, or who is suspected of having committed an offence against these Regulations. If any person assists or connives at the escape of any person who may be in custody under this regulation, or knowingly harbours or assists any person who has so escaped, he shall be guilty of an offence against these Regulations. Trial and punishment of offences. 56. A person alleged to be guilty of an offence against these Regulations may be tried either by a court-martial or before a court of summary jurisdiction : Provided that in the case of any offence against these Regulations declared to be a summary offence the alleged offender shall not be liable to be tried otherwise than before a court of summary jurisdiction. Where a person is alleged to be guilty of an offence against these Regulations (other than offence declared by these Regulations to be a summary offence) the case shall be referred to the competent naval or military authority who shall investigate the case and determine whether it shall be tried by court-martial or summarily or shall not be proceeded with, and if the alleged offender is in custody he shall if he is to be tried by court-martial be kept in or handed over to military custody, and if he is to be kept summarily be handed over to or kept in civil custody. 57. A person found guilty of an offence against these Regulations by a court-martial shall be liable to be sentenced to penal servitude for life or any less punishment, or if the court finds that the offence was committed with the intention of assisting the enemy, to suffer death or any less punishment, and the court may in addition to any other sentence imposed order that any goods in respect of which the offence has been committed be forfeited: Provided that a sentence of detention in detention barracks shall not be awarded for an offence under these Regulations and that no sentence exceeding six months' imprisonment with hard labour shall be imposed in respect of any contravention of Regulartions 12, 13, 21, 22, 25, 26, 27, 28 (first paragraph), 35, 53, 60, and 61 if the offender proves that he acted without any intention of assisting the enemy or, in the case of Regulation 27, of causing disaffection or alarm or prejudicing the recruiting, training, discipline, and administration of any force. A court-martial having jurisdiction to try offences under these Regulations shall be a general or district court-martial convened by an officer authorised to convene such description of courtmartial within the limits of whose command the offender may for the time being be: but nothing in this Regulation shall be construed as authorising a district court-martial to impose a sentence of penal servitude. Any person tried by court-martial under these Regulations shall, for the purposes of the provisions of the Army Act relating to offences, be treated as if he belonged to the unit in whose charge he may be ; but no such person shall be liable to summary punishment by a commanding officer. 58. A person convicted of an offence against these Regulations by a court of summary jurisdiction shall be liable to be sentenced to imprisonment with or without hard labour for a term not exceeding six months or to a fine not exceeding one hundred pounds, or to both such imprisonment and fine, and the court may, in addition to any other sentence which may be imposed, order that any goods in respect of which the offence has been committed shall be forfeited. For the purpose of the trial of a person for such an offence the offence shall be deemed to have been committed either at the place in which the same actually was committed, or at any place in which the offender may be, and the court in Scotland shall be the sheriff court. Section seventeen of the Summary Jurisdiction Act, 1879, shall not apply to the charge of offences against these Regulations. Any person aggrieved by a conviction of a court of summary jurisdiction under these Regulations may appeal in England to a court of quarter sessions, and in Scotland under and in terms of the Summary Jurisdiction (Scotland) Acts, and in Ireland in manner provided by the Summary Jurisdiction (Ireland) Acts. Supplemental. 59. The powers conferred by these Regulations are in addition to and not in derogation of any powers exerciseable by members of His Majesty's naval and military forces and other persons to take such steps as may be necessary for securing the public safety and the defence of the Realm, and nothing in these Regulations shall affect the liability of any person to trial and punishment for any offence or war crime otherwise than in accordance with these Regulations. 60. The competent naval or military authority, or any other person by whom an order is made in pursuance of these Regulations. shall publish notice of the order in such manner as he may consider best adapted for informing persons affected by the order, and no person shall without lawful authority deface or otherwise tamper with any notice posted up in pursuance of these Regulations, and if he does so shall be guilty of an offence against these Regulations. 61. Any person claiming to act under any permit or permission granted under or for the purposes of these Regulations shall, if at any time he is required to do so by the competent naval or military authority or any person authorised by him, or by any naval or military officer, or by any sailor or soldier engaged on sentry patrol. or other similar duty, or by any officer of customs and excise, officer of police or aliens officer, produce the permit or permission for inspection, and if he refuses to do so he shall be guilty of an offence against these Regulations. Any permit or permission granted under or for the purposes of any provision of these Regulations may at any time be revoked. 62. The Admiralty or Army Council may appoint any commissioned officer of His Majesty's naval or military forces, not below the rank of lieutenant-commander in the Navy or field officer in the Army, to be a competent naval or military authority and may authorise any competent naval or military authority thus appointed to delegate, either unconditionally or subject to such conditions as he thinks fit, all or any of his powers under these Regulations to any officer qualified to be appointed a competent naval or military authority, and an officer so appointed, or to whom the powers the competent naval or military authority are so delegated, is in these Regulations referred to as a competent naval or military authority. For the purposes of these Regulations the expression "aliens officer "shall have the same meaning as in the Aliens Restriction (Consolidation) Order, 1914. of 63. These Regulations may be cited as the Defence of the Realm (Consolidation) Regulations, 1914. The Interpretation Act, 1889, applies for the purpose of the interpretation of these Regulations in like manner as it applies for the purpose of the interpretation of an Act of Parliament. The said Orders in Council of the 12th of August, the 1st and 17th of September, and the 14th of October, 1914, are hereby revoked: Provided that the revocation of any such Order shall not— (a) affect the previous operation of any Order so revoked or anything duly done or suffered under any Order so revoked; or (b) affect any right, privilege, obligation, or liability acquired, accrued, or incurred under any Order so revoked; or (c) affect any penalty, forfeiture, or punishment incurred in respect of any offence committed against any Order so revoked; or (d) affect any proceedings or remedy in respect of any such right, privilege, obligation, liability, penalty, forfeiture, or punishment as aforesaid; and any permission or direction given, or order, requirement, or appointment made, authority issued or other action taken under any Order so revoked shall be deemed to have been given, made, issued, or taken under the corresponding provision of this Order ALMERIC FITZROY. |