Loft to Senhor. Defeat of the Russian Fleet, under the Prince of Naffas, b

the Swedish Fleet, under the Command of the King. Inclination to Peace on the

Part of Russia and Sweden. Peace between these Powers concluded. The King

of Sweden prepares to attack the ruling Powers, and to restore the Monarchy of

France. Meeting at Pilnite. This the Centre of the Affairs of Europe, 1791.

Real Object of the Meeting at Pilnitz. Subftance of a Circular Letter from the

Emperor Leopold to the Sovereign Powers. Russia and Sweden the foft Powers

that openly declared an Intention to fuccour the Royal Family of France. Speech

of Gustavus to the Swedish Diet. Reflections on the Importance of Hereditary

Wealth and Honours in a State. Thefe a Barrier againfi Monarchical Encreack-

ments, on the one Hand, and the Levity of the People, on the other. Plan of the

King of Sweden for a Defcent on France. Difcouraged by the Emperor, bue

perfevered in by the King. Affafsination, Illness, Death, and Character of the

King of Sweden

Page 64

CHAP. V.

An Ambition of

Rejoicings at Peter fourg on Account of the Peace with Sweden.

Conqueft, the ruling Pefion of the Empress. The Pacification of Wercia a Corn-

termine to the Convention of Reichenbach. Effects of this on the Minds of the

Turks. Refentments against the Swedes. Mifplaced. The King of Swedia's

Conduct in making Peace with Ruffia vindicated. The haughty Spirit of the

Emprefs reduced by the Allies within the Bounds of greater Circumfpection and

Caution. Ceflation of Hoftilities on the Danube. Figorous Preparations for War

on the Part of the Ottomans. Naval Engagements. Heroic Atchievements of

a Greek Squadron, under the Colours and Aufpices of Rufsia, and of a Body of

Greeks at Land." A Concert formed between the Czarina and the Greeks, før

emancipating that Nation from the Mahomedan Yoke. Deputies from the Pre-

ple of Greece fent to Peterburg. How received. Great and extenfive Plan of

the Greeks, for expelling the Turks from Europe. Approved by the Empress, who

grees Larueft of future Succours in Cafe of certain Events. Rufsian Plan for a

Winter Campaign on the Danube. Turkish Avny under Batal Bey, on the Side of

Afia, routed and totally ruined. The firong Fortress and Town of Ismailow taken

by Storm, after a noble Defence, by General Suvarof. Dreadful and unheard-of

Maffacre there. Various Actions between the Turks and Rufsians. Treaty of

Peace eoncluded fuddenly at Galatz

85

CHAP. VI.

Situation of Poland at the Close of 1790. Poland treated with Infolence by the
Courts of Peterburg and Vienna. Sound Policy of an Alliance between Po-
land and Prufa. Unusual Condefcendence of the Courts of Vienna and Pr●

texfourg.

ter fourg. Awakened Spirit and Patriotism of the Polife Nation. Abolition

of the permanent Council, and Establishment of a permanent Diet in Poland,

Conceffions to the Poles by the Ruffians and Auftrians. Augmentation of the

Military Strength of Poland. Situation of Northern and Eaftern Europe at

the Commencement of 1790. Sketch of a New Conflitution favourable to

the Liberty and Happiness of all Ranks. Excites Jealoufy and Alarm in

the Courts of Berlin and Peterburg. King of Pruffia demands the Ceffion of

Dantzic and Thorn. Character, Circumftances, and Conduct of the King of

Poland. Patriotic Ardour of the Poles of all Ranks. Decrces of the Poli

Diet in favour of the Commons. The Meeting of the Polish States changed

into a Diet of Confederation; in which all Queftions are to be decided by a Ma-

jority. The Diet opened by the King in Perfon. The Diet abfolves the King

From his Coronation Oath. Debates in the Diet. The King and the Diet

accept, with the Solemnity of an Oath, the New Confiitution

Page 108

CHAP. VII.

Emulation of the French at the Confederation. Satisfaction of the Aembly

at the Applause it meets with from the Popular Clubs and Societies in Euge

land. Sufpicions occafioned in France by the English Armaments against

Spain. Jealoufy entertained against the Emperor. Deliberations in the

Affembly concerning an Alliance with Spain. Domeftic Canfufions. Con-

tinuation of Diflurbances in the Colonies. Several Regulations for the In-

ternal Government of the Kingdom. Diferders in the Navy. Difcontents

in the Army. Motion in the Affembly by Mr. Duval. Its Confequences.

Critical Situation of the King. Defigns imputed to the Heads of the Popular

Party. Charges against the Duke of Orleans and Mr. Mirabeau. Both

acquitted. Coalition of the Parliaments with the Noblesse against the Af-

fembly. Refifiance of the Parliament of Touloufe. Compelled to fubmit.

Zeal of the Parifians for the New Conflitution. Confirmation of the De-

crees relating to the Civic Oath. Refractory Difpofition of the Nalleffe,

Pecuniary Embarrassments. Fabrication of Afignats. Refearches into the

Civil and Religious Eftablishments in France. Number of Seminaries and

Convents belonging to the English Roman Catholics in that Kingdom. Dif

covery of the Profufions under the late Government. Efforts of the Court-

Party to procure a Junction with Spain against England. Debility of that

Party. Decrees in favour of the Defcendants of French Proteftant Refu-

gees in Foreign Parts. Refolute Behaviour of the Aaberents to the Nobleffe

and Clergy. Confpiracy at Lyons. Anxiety of the Court of Rome at the

Tranfactions in France. Decree of the Affembly concerning Epifcopal Elec-

tions. Oppofition of the Court Clergy to this and other Decrees. Addrefs

of the Univerfity of Paris to the Affembly. Attachment of the Rrencb in Fo-

reigh Countries to the New Confiitution. Zealous Perfeverance of its Ene-

mies in oppofing it. Duel between Mr. Lameth and Mr. Caftries. Other

Quarrels and violent Proceedings. Reforms in the Administration of Justice.

Kk3

Public

Public Revenues before and fince the Revolution.

pular Party at the prefent Situation of Affairs

Satisfaction of the Pr

Page 126

CHA P. VIII.

Diffatisfaction of the European Princes at the Proceedings of the Assembly.

Complaints of the German Princes. Letter from the Emperor to the King

of France. An Augmentation of the French Army voted by the Affembly.

Affairs of the King's Aunts. Tumult at Vincennes. Infurrection in Bri-

tanny. The King limited to the Nomination of Six Minifters. Apprehenfons

of Hofile Intentions to France from the Emperor and the other Abfolute Se

vereigns in Europe. The Affembly demands an Explanation of bis Conduli,

and orders Preparations to face its Enemies. Zeal of the Revolutionifts for

the Public Service. Confequences of the Decree for the Civic Oath. Ect

fiafiical Affairs. Mr. Mirabeau Prefident of the Assembly. His Addrefs

to the Deputation from the Quakers. Right of Primogeniture abolished.

Sequeftration. Diffatisfaction of the Pope at the New Arrangement of Church-

Affairs in France. Death of Mirabeau. Progrefs of the Affignats. Com

fidence of the Affembly in their Strength and Refources. Sufpicions of the King's

Defigns.
His Complaint of ill Treatment, and Declaration to the Public.

Conduct of Mr. la Fayette to the National Guards. Menaces of the German

Princes. Altercations with the Pope. Enmity of the Spanish Court to the

Revolutionifts Suppreffion of the Duties on Provifions brought inte Paris.

Progrefs of the Afignats. Scarcity of Cafb. Apprehenfions from the Em

grants and Foreign Powers. Meffage of the Affembly to the Prince of Cond

Claims of the German Princes taken into Confideration. Decrees against the

Authority of the Pope. Various Decrees for the Security of the Alfomby end

the Conftitutional Government of the Nation. Increafing Popularity of the

Affembly. Difcontents of the People in Spain at the Government. Progr

of the Spirit of Liberty in various Countries of Europe. Forwarded by the

Exertions of the French. They become odious to Foreign Princes on that A

count. Political Opinions current at this Period. Hopes and Projets of lie

Enemies of the Revolution. The King's Flight from Paris, and Recapture.

Circumflances attending that Event. Conduct of the Affembly on this Ons

fion. Declarations of the King and Queen. Royal Manifefta. Afembly'

Reply

Occa

143

King of France's Situation. Apprehenfions entertained by the Emperor and

other Sovereigns. Interference of the King of Spain in Behalf of the King

of France. Slighted by the Affembly. State of Parties at Paris. Progrefs

of Republican Principles in France. Charges against the Royal Party. Con-

duct of the Affembly. Ill Confequences of the King's Flight to the Royal

Caufe, and to his Adherents. Deliberations in the Assembly on the Confitu

tional Code. Decrees against the Emigrants. Infurrection of the Republican

Party quelled. Inviolability of the King's Perfon confirmed. Threats of

the German Princes. Rumours of a formidable Combination against France.

French Preparations for Defence. Various Orders of Knighthood abolished.

Signature of former Titles prohibited. Decree for appointing a Governor to

the King's Son. Expectations of the Popular Party from the Publication of

the Conflitutional Code. Effects produced by the French Revolution in va-

rious Parts of Europe. Conflitutional Code completed. Endeavours to divide

the Affembly into different Houfes, after the Model of the English Parliament.

Unfuccessful. Respective Arguments adduced by the Supporters of the Royal

Prerogatives, and by their Opponents. Ideas entertained by the violent Re

publicans, and by the Partizans of the old Government. Character and Con-

duct of the Abbé Maury. Ecclefiaftical Matters. Honours paid to the Me-

mory and the Remains of Voltaire and Rouffeau. Scarcity of Specie and De-

preciation of Paper Money. French Princes and Emigrants. Plan for the

Deliverance of the King-Fails. Divifions in the Affembly. Various

Decrees
Page 173

CHAP. X.

Condu& of the Swifs Cantons, the King of Sweden, and of other Sovereigns towards

France. Avignon incorporated with France. Infurrection in Corfica fuppreffed. Suf

picions entertained of the King's Brothers, and the Princes of the Blood Royal. Ad-

monitions to the King. Conftitutional Code prefented to him. His Conduct on this Oc-

cafion highly fatisfactory to the Public. Efforts of the Republicans to obftruct the final

Settlement of the Conftitution ineffectual. King's Letter to the Affembly. His

Acceptance of the Conftitution. Jay expreffed by the French at this Event. Con-

ftitution folemnly proclaimed. Proteft against it by many Members of the Af-

fembly. Spirited Oppofition of Mr. Malonne. Violent Debates on the Adminif

tration of the Finances. Diffolution of the Affembly.

198

сн.
CHAP. XI.

The Minifter announces the profperous State of the Finances of Great Britain.

This Statement followed immediately by a Declaration of the Neceffity of prepar-

Kk4

ing

ing for War with Spain. Reflections on the annual Million for liquidating the

National Debt. The Spaniards feise English Trathing Vefels on the North-

Weft Coaf of America. Circumftances that induced and encouraged the to

take that hold Step. Preparations for War on the Part of both Spain and Great

Britain. Arguments for the Universal Liberty of that Commerce, and Freedom

of the Ocean; and for a Right of appropriating unoccupied Land, by

Occupancy and Labour. Oppofite Sentiments concerning Colonization at the

Conclufion of the American War, and in the prefent Period. A Vote of Ote

Million for Military Preparations. Tone of the British Nation at the

General Election for a New Parliament, 1790
Page 207

CHAP. XII.

Ane Parliament. Speech from the Throne. Various Obfervations thereon.

Motion for the Papers relating to the Affair at Nootka Sound in both Houfts.

Negatived Motion for an Addrefs to bis Majefty on the Spanish Convention

in both Houfes. Debates thereon. Motion carried. Plan for de fraying the

Expences of the Spanish Armament. Impeachment of Mr. Haftings not

abated by a Diffolution of Parliament. Petition of Mr. Haflings, and Me-

tious in Parliament for continuing the Seffion until his Trial fhould be brought

to a Conclufion. That complied with. War in India. Motions in Parlia

ment for the Production of Papers relative to the Attack of Tippoo Sultan on

the Lines of Travancore. Agreed to. Motions for cenfuring the War with

Tippoo. Negatived. Refolutions approving the War. Agreed to. Motion

or Leave to bring a Bill into the House of Commons for the Abolition of the

Slave Trade. Negatived. A Bill paffed for the Relief of the Protefing

Catholics. Motion for the Relief of the Scots from the Teft A. Nega-

fived

221

CHAP. XIII.

The Order proper to be observed in Narration. Apology for not always ad
bering frichly to that of Time Mage from bis Majefty relative to Rufia,
and the Augmentation of our Naval Force. The only Terms on which alone
the Czarina was willing to make Peace with the Turks. The Mediation ef
the Allies for effecting that Object, hitherto fruitless. Growing Coldness
and Tealoufies between the Emprifs of Ruffia and the British Government.
The Pride and Ambition of the Empress excite a Spirit of Refiflance in va
rious European Nations. Motion for an Addrefs to bis Majefly on the Occa
fon of his Meffage to Parliament. Debates thereon; but the Motion carried
In balb Houfes. Various Motions against the Rufian Armament. Conduct
of Mr. Pitt.
Character of a Great Minifter. Two Great Politica!

Schools