Hoplocampa pectoralis, Thoms. Cannisburn. Allantus 3-cinctus, Fab. Clober. Macrophya albicincta, Schr. Rannoch; Clober. June. CYNIPIDAE. Dryophanta scutellaris, Ol. Common near Tarbert, Loch Lomond. D. longiventris, H. Common in the same place, and at Clober. Aphilothrix callidoma, H. One gall at Clober. August. Cynips marginalis, Schl. Galls agreeing with the descriptions of Von Schlechtendal and Mayr are not uncommon in many places in the West of Scotland. Like Mayr, I could find no radical distinction between these galls and the catkin galls of Andricus 4-lineatus; and further evidence of the identity of the two forms is found in their having the same inquilines and parasites, and their being found on the same tree, although I have observed the leaf gall on a tree which had no catkins. But it now appears, from the observations of Dr F. Rudow (Die Pflanzen gallen Norddeutschland's und ihre Erzeuger, p. 35 and p. 59), that the true marginalis is an Aphilothrix, and not an Andricus. It remains then to be proved whether the leaf galls found in this country pertain to A. 4-lineatus or to Aph. marginalis, and it is to be hoped that those interested in the subject will endeavour to elucidate this point. Appended is Rudow's description of the gall maker. Colour black, head and thorax distinctly shining, finely punctured, slightly pubescent; scutellum slightly raised, black, smooth, covered with grey hairs. Abdomen short, quite black, strongly shining. Antennae 14-jointed, brownish at base. Legs brownish-red, femora black, knees very clear. Wings hyaline, nervures yellowish, not much thickened. Length 2 lines. Bred in August. Ceroptres cerri, Mayr. Cambuslang. Melanips longitarsis, H. Cadder. Cleditoma nigra, Thoms. Dalry. Eucoela ciliaris, Dahl. Clyde, near Newton. Pychotrichia urticarum has been met with at Bishopton, and at the Clyde near Newton. Psilodora Boienii, H. Bishopton. Psilodora maculata, H. Bishopton. Allotria cursor, H. Possil; Clober; Baldernock. Pezophycta brachyptera, H. Dalry. Microstilba heterogena, Gir. One specimen at Milngavie on 7th August. VARIOUS NOTES. In the "Fauna and Flora" I have indicated an "Eucoela alpina," this being a totally black species, which I got on the top of "Gyrvel," Rannoch, under a stone, near some Tipula larvae. It belongs to Giraud's 3d Horde, having the 4th joint of the antennae longer or thicker than the following; or, as the species are now restricted by Foerster, to that author's genus Rhoptromeris, which is thus defined :-Malar furrow slight, facial grooves broad but not deep; antennae-male 15-jointed, the 2d joint of funiculus more or less (sometimes strongly) thickened and elongate, always longer than 1st; female 13-jointed, with distinct 7-jointed club, scutellar cup small; 2d abdominal segment crowned with hairs at base; wings hairy, rounded at apex, and hair fringed; radial cell closed at fore margin, narrow, the 1st and 2d sections of the radius almost equal in length, the inner angle with a straight or oblique continuation. When I first examined the above specimen, I could not identify it with any of the described species; but since then I have taken further specimens of Rhoptromeris, and more especially a male or two from the hills above Dalry, an examination of which has convinced me that the Rannoch insect was only a melanic variety of the male of Eucoela parvula, Thoms., and that E. biscarpus and nodosa, Gir., and E. eucera, H., are also synonyms: the last name should be adopted. Trichiosoma lucorum, L. In all the manuals this species is described as having the abdomen quite black, while vitellinae is stated to have the same part, either at the sides or on the ventral surface, or both combined, testaceous. But when I commenced to draw up the descriptions of these insects for my monograph for the Ray Society, I soon found that the coloration of the abdomen could not be depended upon as a mark of specific distinction between T. lucorum and vitellinae, since in the former the abdomen has the sides, and occasionally the belly, testaceous. In the excellent monograph of Brischke and Zaddach, lucorum is stated to feed on birch; the larva is both figured and described, and both agree perfectly with the larva of lucorum, so common everywhere in our birch woods; but these authors make no mention of the imago varying in the manner I have indicated. Van Vollenhoven has described a birch-feeding larva as that of lateralis, Leach, and this larva seems to be the same as that of lucorum; or if it is not, then there must be two species attached to birch, with similar larvae, namely, lateralis and lucorum. But lateralis has always been regarded as synonymous with vitellinae, and that is, so far as we know, confined to willows. It was well described by De Geer (Mém. ii., 232, pl. xxxiii., f. 17-22), and there are excellent figures of the larva in Brischke and Zaddach's work, their observations and descriptions being quite in accordance with mine; that is to say, that vitellinae is purely a willow-feeder. Van Vollenhoven, again, has described the true lucorum as a birch-feeder. We must, then, either suppose that the Dutch Hymenopterologist has described the same larva under two different names (in his plate he does not give an original figure of lateralis, but copies that of Curtis), or that vitellinae feeds both on birch and willow, and that the birch-feeder, as a larva, differs considerably from that attached to Salix. The latter seems to be Van Vollenhoven's own opinion, for he quotes De Geer's descriptions as referring to vitellinae. The matter, however, requires confirmation; at any rate, I am certain that, in the perfect state, lucorum has frequently (more especially in bred specimens) the abdomen more or less coloured as in vitellinae, and our descriptions of it must be modified accordingly. The subject being thus a little confused, I give descriptions of the larvae of our four species of Trichiosoma :— Sorbi, Htg.-Head small, ochreous-yellow, with two dark reddish marks on the vertex, which are frequently almost, if not quite, joined together; mouth brownish, mandibles blackish. Body yellowish-green; the skin beset with numerous tubercles, which are white with a yellowish tinge, and are much larger over the legs and along the dorsal vessel than over the rest of the body; there are none on the anal segment. Legs white, with dark brown claws, abdominal legs glassy green. Spiracles eliptical, pinkish-red. The clypeus and the part immediately above it is whitish, without the ochreous colour. When young it is whitish green, with white tubercles; the skin deeply powdered. The head is pale ochreous-yellow. Found during August and September, rolled up on the under surface of the leaves of Pyrus aucuparia. Vitellinae.-Head white, with a fuscous cloud on the vertex, not touching the eye spots, which are black; the lower part of clypeus black in the centre. The body is light green, with the folds of the skin whitish; along each side of the dorsal vessel is a row of white tubercles, and another row is over the legs. The dorsal vessel is pale green. The spiracles dark reddish, and above each is one or more small red marks. Legs clear white, claws blackish. The anal segment bears no tubercles. The above description is from some larvae taken in July at Rannoch. Brischke bred the species from two different larvae. The one was found on Salix caprea, in August and September. It was clear yellowish-green, with numerous white tubercles; the head shining, granular, yellowish, and black eye spots. The spiracles eliptical, reddish; the claws brown. The other larva was found in July, on Salix viminalis and S. caprea. It was smaller than the autumnal form, the ground colour was bluishgreen, the dorsal line (which was free from the white warts) was of a darker green, and the whole body (except the last segment) was beset with raised, often confluent, tubercles and dots. The spiracles were reddish-brown, and over each (except the first and last) stood a small dot of the same colour, which was not present with the other larva. The claws are brown, and upon the yellow shining head is, between the eyes, a brownish spot. Lucorum.-Head light brownish-yellow, the mouth part brownish, eye spots black. Across the vertex is a large dark brownish mark, occupying the greater part of the vertex, and extending down to the front of the head. The legs are white, the claws black, the clasps light glassy-green. The eliptical spiracles are dark brownish-black. The body is bright, rarely bluish, green, the skin wrinkled and beset with white tubercles over the legs and along the back, in the former part consisting of a large with a smaller one beneath it; they are absent from the anal segment. There can scarcely be said to be a dorsal stripe, but when the food canal is filled, it is noticable as a slightly darker green line enclosed by the white dorsal tubercles. When young the body is greyish-white, the head blackish, and obscured by a whitish exudation; the body is dusted all over with a white powder, which varies in quantity. . Betuleti, Kl. (crataegi, Zadd.).—After the last moult, the larva of this species is bright greenish-yellow, with a darker green line running down the back. On the vertex is a large brownishorange spot, the legs pale whitish-green, with brown claws; the spiracles are reddish. The skin is covered with minute tubercles, and sparsely covered over with a white powder. When young it is green, but dusted over with a white powder; the head is black, obscured with a white exudation; the region of the mouth is white. So far as is definitely known, betuleti is confined to the hawthorn for its food. Taschenberg, in his Entomologie für Garten, describes the larvae of Blennocampa bipunctata, and of Athalia rosae; so to make my remarks (antea, p. 110 and p. 130) on these insects complete, I give here his observations : The 22-footed larva of B. bipunctata is whitish, yellowish on the head, except the mouth and eye spots, which are darker. It lives, boring into the pith of the rose branches, during the second half of May, June, and sometimes on to the first half of July. Towards the middle of April, or the commencement of May, the fly appears, and lays her eggs singly in the point of the young branch. The larva soon bores into the pith, whereby the leaves become withered. It eats about an inch and a half into the branch, and when it reaches maturity, bores a round hole in the side of its habitation and drops to the ground, where it pupates. Of the larva of A. rosae he says that it is dark green above, at the sides and belly clearer, and the head is reddish-yellow. There are two generations in the year, the first appearing at the end of June and beginning of July, the second is found in September and October. The fly lays her eggs in the mid-rib of the rose leaves, and when the larvae emerge they proceed to devour the upper epidermis, so that the lower becomes as transparent as gauze. They spin a cocoon in the earth. The larvae are stated by J. Scheffler to feed also on Sedum album. IV.-Notes on a new method of fixing fronds of Carboniferous Polyzoa on a layer of Asphalt, to show the celluliferous face. By Mr JOHN YOUNG, F.G.S. Those who like myself have collected the Polyzoa of our Carboniferous limestone shales, may have often expressed regret that |