LIST OF SOCIETIES, &C., TO WHICH THE PROCEEDINGS ARE SENT. GREAT BRITAIN AND IRELAND. Bath Natural History and Antiquarian Society. Belfast Naturalists' Field Club. Berwickshire Naturalists' Club. Bristol Naturalists' Society. British Museum. Edinburgh Botanical Society. Edinburgh Geological Society. Edinburgh. Scottish Arboricultural Society. Entomologists' Monthly Magazine. Editors. Glasgow Geological Society. Glasgow Mitchell Library. Glasgow Philosophical Society. London Geologists' Association. London Quekett Microscopical Club. London Royal Geographical Society. Manchester Geological Society. Manchester Field Naturalists' Society. Manchester Literary and Philosophical Society. Norfolk and Norwich Naturalists' Society. Paisley Free Library. Scottish Naturalist. Editor. Watford Natural History Society. CONTINENT OF EUROPE. Brussels. Société Entomolgique de Belgique. Bremen.-Naturwissenschaftlicher Verein. Cherbourg. Société Nationale des Sciences Naturelles. Christiana.-Royal Norwegian University. Frankfurt. Senckenbergische Naturforschende Gesellschaft. 360 PROCEEDINGS OF NATURAL HISTORY SOCIETY. Koenigsberg. Physikalisch-ökonomische Gesellschaft. AMERICA. Boston Natural History Society. Cambridge Entomological Club. Davenport Academy of Natural Science. St. Louis Academy of Science. Toronto. Entomological Society of the Province of Ontario. Washington.-U.S. Survey of the Territories, per Prof. Hayden. 30 5 0 NATURAL HISTORY SOCIETY OF GLASGOW. Abstract Statement of Accounts-Session 1876-77. To Cash in Bank per last Account, £39 1 4 By Rent and Attendance, per 121 Members' Annual ,, Postages of Circulars and Car £3 0 0 per 16 New Members' En try Money at 10s., ,, per 3 Members' Arrears ,, per 3 Life Members at £5 58., 15 15 800 "Proceedings" Paper, £7 18 0 Do. Printing, 28 10 0 0 15 0 -36 8 0 for "Proceedings" of So- ing, 8 8 101 4 8 3 ,, Balance, carried down, 42 17 1 Interest from Bank, 1 13 4 £99 17 11 £99 17 11 GLASGOW, 12th September, 1877.-Compared with Vouchers, and found correct. THE FAUNA OF SCOTLAND, WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO CLYDESDALE AND THE WESTERN DISTRICT. HYMENOPTERA.—PART I. IN the preparation of the present Catalogue, I have had to rely mostly on my own exertions for the material, as the family of which it treats is one which has not as yet become a favourite with the now numerous band of insect collectors. Of previous local lists there are none, beyond some papers published by myself,* and some notes by Mr James Hardy, in the Berwickshire Club Proceedings. The references to Scotch species by Stephens in the seventh volume of his Illustrations of British Entomology, are scarcely to be relied on, and in most cases I have ignored them entirely. The sources of information being thus limited, my indebtedness is the greater to those who have assisted me with specimens, and in this respect my thanks are especially due to Dr Sharp of Thornhill, Dr Buchanan White, and Prof. J. W. H. Trail, for the loan of collections made by them in districts which I had not an opportunity of investigating personally. † The nomenclature adopted is that which properly belongs to each species, that is to say, the oldest name which can be fixed with certainty. This is, however, a matter which can scarcely be settled to every one's satisfaction for some time yet, especially with some of the intricate and variable groups like the Nematides. In the synonymy I have only given references to the names in * On Tenthredinidae in the Glenelg Valley, Inverness-shire (Scot. Nat. ii., 61-62); Tenthredinidae in Rannoch (l.c. 358-359); Notes on Hymenoptera observed in Inverness-shire (Proc. Nat. Hist. Soc. of Glasgow ii., 290-294); On the Hymenoptera of Kingussie (l.c. iii., p. 86-90); A contribution to the Hymenoptera of Sutherlandshire (l.c. iii., p. 248); Tenthredinidae in Braemar (Scot. Nat. iv., 10-11), and the lists in the "Fauna and Flora of the West of Scotland," Glasgow, 1876. + I have included the whole of Scotland, and for the sake of comparison, have placed the westerly and easterly localities in separate lines. A Fauna of Scot.-Hymen. 1. the monographs of the Swedish and German authors, and then only when the name adopted happens to differ from one in general use. I have also mentioned the food plants of the larvae, so far as they are known to me. As the species of Nematus are so very puzzling to a beginner, I have given descriptions of all the known larvae. For information regarding the collecting and preserving of these insects, I must refer the reader to a paper in the Proc. Nat. Hist. Soc. of Glasgow, Vol. iii., p. 141. The classification which I have followed requires a word or two of explanation, since it differs very considerably from anything hitherto in use. My views may be best explained by the following table, which shows what I take to be the natural relations of the tribes : TENTHREDINA. It will be observed from this table that on the one hand we have a number of small, sharply defined specialised groups containing few species, and on the other two large homogenous tribes, with few closely allied genera differing but little (comparatively), from each other, and embracing a large number of species, which are mainly found in the Palaearctic and Nearctic regions. Our ideas of the classification of the family will depend largely upon our views as to the systematic position of Lophyrus. In my opinion, its natural situation is close to Lyda, with which it agrees in its multe-articulate antennae; it seems to me to have no affinity whatever with the Tenthredina. If this be granted, then I think further that the Cimbicina and Hylotoma must be located near it, for these two groups show considerable relationship with Lophyrus. Westwood, in his Classical Introduction, formed Lophyrus and Lyda into a sub-tribe, but he placed the Tenthredina between them and Cimber and Hylotoma; though these are so nearly related to Lophyrus that I cannot see how they can be separated in this way without violating many affinities. No doubt, if we regard only the European genera, the evidence in favour of my classification will appear rather weak, and it must be recollected that the Tenthredinidae have only been properly classified according to the Palaearctic forms; but I say that if we take into consideration all the genera of the world, we find then many evidences tending to prove the correctness of my views. Cimbex, Hylotoma, and Lophyrus, are so sharply cut off from each other by the structure of the antennae, that we must rely on other points to show their relation to the lower groups and to each other. This, I think, is found in the possession of a small appendicular cellule in both the wings, and the presence of spines (none of which are found in Tenthredina), on the tibiae as in Lyda; they seem indeed to indicate that Cimbex, etc., branched off early from some common ancestor, while the Tenthredina and Nematina branched off later from some form allied to Lophyrus.* Hylotoma is connected with the Cimbicides through Syzygonia, while Pterygophorus unites it with Lophyrus. Whatever views we may hold regarding the position of Cimbex and Hylotoma, it seems to me very unnatural to place Tenthredo next to Lyda, with which it has no affinity whatever, as is usually done. I regard Tenthredo as more highly organised than Cimber, which is probably only a remnant of a once extensive family. Size in the Hymenoptera is of no value as indicating the higher systematic position of a genus; rather the reverse. I may here remark that seemingly unimportant structures like spines on the tibiae, appendicular cellules, etc., are of greater value in indicating affinity in this group, because less liable to vary, than other organs of more importance to the animal. And I would also point out that it is only (except in Cladius) among the Cimbicina, Hylotomina, and Lophyrina that we find secondary sexual characters developed to any extent, these being in the two last groups very conspicuous. In the Tenthredinidae the possession of numerous joints in the antennae must be regarded as evidence of low development, and consequently of greater antiquity. * In this respect Cladomacra and Monoctenus are suggestive. |