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"A knowledge of the physical characters of good drinking-water, and the ways in which it may be polluted.

"A knowledge of the proper conditions of good drainage, as far as it is likely to affect the health of the inhabitants.

"A knowledge of what constitutes nuisances arising from smoke, noxious vapours from various trades, callings, or manufactures.

"A fair knowledge of the character of good food, such as meat, fish, milk, vegetables, so as to be able to recognise any obvious unsoundness. "Some knowledge of contagious diseases, and the reasons why persons affected by or recovering from them should not appear in public.

"A knowledge of the best methods of disinfection and of the removal of cases of infectious disease. Methods of inspection, not only of dwellings but of markets, slaughter-houses, cow-sheds, bakehouses, and offensive trades. Of scavenging and the disposal of refuse."

Section 189 of the Public Health Act, 1875, makes provision for the appointment of the inspector of nuisances, and at the discretion of the local authority such officers may be appointed, subject to the approval of the Local Government Board; it is, therefore, desirable that each inspector, whether directly under the control of the central board or not, should be thoroughly acquainted with the prescribed duties of that body, of which the following is a copy :

"GENERAL ORDER (URBAN SANITARY AUTHORITIES).-March, 1880.

"REGULATIONS AS TO INSPECTORS OF NUISANCES, WHOSE SALARIES ARE PARTLY REPAID OUT OF MONEYS VOTED BY PARLIAMENT.

"To the several Urban Sanitary Authorities, for the time being, in England and Wales. "And to all others whom it may concern.

"Whereas by a General Order dated the 11th day of November, 1872, addressed to 'The several Urban. Sanitary Authorities in England and Wales constituted. by the Public Health Act, 1872,' the Local Government Board, acting under the authority conferred upon them by section 10 of that Act, prescribed regulations with respect to the appointment, duties, salary, and tenure of office of inspectors of nuisances appointed by such authorities, in all cases where any portion of the salary of any such officer was paid out of moneys voted by Parliament;

"And whereas it is required by section 189 of the Public Health Act, 1875, that every urban sanitary authority shall from time to time appoint an inspector of nuisances, and by section 191 of that Act it is enacted that the Local Government Board shall have the same powers as it has in the case of a district medical officer of a union, with regard to the qualification, appointment, duties, salary, and tenure of office of any officer of a local authority, any portion of whose salary is paid out of moneys voted by Parliament;

"And whereas urban sanitary authorities are local authorities within the meaning of the last-named section:

"Now therefore, We, the Local Government Board, hereby order that the above-cited Order shall not apply to any inspector of nuisances appointed or re-appointed by any urban sanitary authority after the twenty-fifth day of March, one thousand eight hundred and eighty.

"And we hereby order as follows with respect to the appointment, duties, salary, and tenure of office of every inspector of nuisances, any portion of whose salary is paid out of moneys voted by Parliament, and who may be appointed by any urban sanitary authority after the twenty-fifth day of March, one thousand eight hundred and eighty, or who, having been appointed by such authority under the provisions of the above-cited Order, may be re-appointed by them after that date.

Appointment.

"Art. 1. A statement shall be submitted to the Local Government Board, in a form to be supplied by them, showing the population and area of the district of the sanitary authority, together with the salary intended to be assigned to the officer, and such other particulars as may be prescribed by such form.

"Provided that where any such statement has been submitted to the said Board under the said Order of the eleventh day of November, one thousand eight hundred and seventy-two, or under this Order, no further statement under this Article shall be necessary unless required by the said Board.

“Art. 2. When the approval of the Local Government Board has been given to the proposals contained in the statement so submitted to them, the sanitary authority shall proceed to the appointment of an inspector of nuisances accordingly.

"Art. 3. An appointment of an inspector of nuisances shall not be made unless an advertisement specifying the amount of salary proposed to be assigned, and the day fixed for such appointment, shall have appeared in some public newspaper circulating in the district, at least seven days before the day so fixed.

"Art. 4. Every such officer shall be appointed by a majority of the members present at a meeting of the sanitary authority, and voting on the question.

"Art. 5. Every appointment shall, within seven days after it is made, be reported to the Local Government Board by the clerk to the sanitary authority.

"Art. 6. Upon the occurrence of a vacancy in the office of inspector of nuisances, the sanitary authority shall proceed to make a fresh appointment, which shall be reported to the Local Government Board as required by Art. 5 of this Order:

"Provided always as follows:

"(1.) If the sanitary authority desire to make any fresh arrangement with respect to the terms of the appointment, they shall, before filling up the vacancy, supply the particulars of the arrangement to the Local Government Board in the manner prescribed by Art. 1 of this Order in regard to the first appointment, and if the approval of the Local Government Board be given, absolutely or with modifica

tions, the sanitary authority shall then proceed to fill up the vacancy according to the terms of the approval so given.

"(2.) If the vacancy arise from notice given by an officer of an intended resignation to take effect

on a future day, the sanitary authority may elect a successor to such officer in conformity with the above regulations, at any time subsequent to such notice.

"(3.) If the sanitary authority deem it advisable that the vacancy should not be filled up forthwith, they may appoint a person to act temporarily, subject to the approval of the Local Government Board.

"(4.) In the case of any officer who holds his office for a specified time, the sanitary authority may provide for the continuance of such officer, or appoint his successor, within three calendar months next before the expiration of such term.

"Art. 7. If in the case of an officer who may have been appointed for a specified term, the sanitary authority should desire to renew his appointment for a further term or otherwise in conformity with the provisions of this Order, and no fresh arrangement should be proposed with respect to the terms of the appointment, it shall not be necessary for that purpose that Arts. 1, 2, and 3 of this Order should be complied with, but it shall be sufficient if the sanitary authority, at a meeting held after notice given at one of their two ordinary meetings next preceding such meeting, pass a resolution renewing the appointment accordingly on

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