2224 E. T. HUGHES. Improvements in repeating fire-2231 W. E. NEWTON. Improvements in breechloading
arms. (A communication.) Dated August 29, 1866.
This invention is not described apart from the drawings.
Patent completed.

2225 J. C. DICKINSON. An improved dipping mixture for sheep and lambs. Dated August 29, 1866.

This improved dipping mixture is to be used for the pur pose of destroying all parasites, such as ticks, lice, or others which infest the wool of sheep and lambs, and also for the care of the disease called "scab," and contains no poisonous principle which is likely to injure the sheep or lambs themselves, such as mercury or arsenic, which are frequently employed for such purposes. The improved dipping mixture is composed as follows, and in about the following proportions;-Light pitch oil, 1001h.; lime water, 50lb.; cold water, 50lb.; soft soap, 161b.; fat or lard, 111b.; pearl ash, 4oz. Patent abandoned.

2226 J. RICHARDS and R. GRINDLE. An improved carriage axle for common roads, as also the clip for uniting the spring or springs to the same. Dated August 29, 1866. This invention consists in so forming axles that strength with increased bearing surface may be afforded at the neck or part in contact, or that works close to or in connection with the collar or inner end of the axle and axle-box or bash, and this the patentees effect by forming a conical incline rising from the parallel of the axle towards the neck or collar, which not only prevents the wheel or box wearing away the leather washer commonly used for holding and retaining the oil by which the same is lubricated, but affords much additional strength at this important part, as

the wearing surfaces of the axle and axle box or bush. The patentees also form a corresponding conical or angular bearing in the axle box to the conical bearing before referred to, from which it will be seen that when the axlebox (which forms the concentric centre bearing of the wheel) is then placed fully in the axle, the two inclined surfaces will incline towards the central parallel portion of the axle, and be brought in complete contact by a corresponding portable annular conical bearing placed on the outer end of the axle, coming in contact with a corresponding incline formed in the interior of the outer end of the axle box or bush, and held in position by the usual screw and pin. Patent completed.

firearms. (A communication.) Dated August 29, 1866.
This invention relates to an improvement on that class
of breechloading arms which are adapted for the use of
fixed ammunition and cartridge shells having the percus-
sion powder confined within flanges, which are formed
around the butts of the shells, so that when these flanges
are struck by a hammer, the powder in the shells will be
ignited. The main object of this invention is to combine
with a slotted frame of an arm a vibrating breech closer, a
vibrating locking latch and brace for keeping the breech-
closer firmly against the breech end of the barrel when the
arm is charged for firing, and also a vibrating hammer,
which latter is applied on one side, and outside of the said
breech closer, in such manner that in the act of exposing
the breech of the barrel by drawing back the breech closer,
the hammer will be cocked; then upon returning the
breech closer to its place against the breech of the barrel,
and locking it there, the hammer will be in a position lor
firing the piece. And the object of this invention is to
provide for securely locking the breech closer in its proper
position against the breech of the barrel before the hammer
can be released to explode the cartridge. The invention
cannot be fully described without reference to the draw-
ings. Patent completed.

2232 J. LOEBL and I. PICK.

Improvements in articles consisting of muffs combined with bags, pockets, or similar receptacles. Dated August 29, 1866.

disintegrating, and bleaching vegetable fibres, substantially as described. Patent completed.

Dated

2237 W. CLARK, Improvements in apparatus_for_propelling and steering vessels. (A communication.) August 30, 1866.

The patentee claims, first, the means whereby the loss of tangential power is diminished in order to improve the support of the propellor, and which consists in the development of the blades of the said propeller without augmenting its total area, and in the use of the tubular canal branched off at the stem after the open framing in which works the propellor. Second, the opening at the back so as to allow of the propellor communicating directly with the stem, which improves the support. Third, the suppression of the rudder, which is replaced by two steering organs allowing of the vessel being turned round rapidly Patent on the spot without either advancing or receding. completed.

2238 T. GALL. Improvements in machinery or apparatus for working stone, or cutting and working mouldings there

on.

Dated August 30, 1866.

This invention consists in the use or employment of a series of chisels or cutting tools formed suitably to be fixed in a tool head or frame, in such manner that their cutting edges or points can be set to form the moulding required moving on slide frames placed either vertically or in any to be worked on the stone. The tool head is capable of other convenient position or direction. A steam hammer is employed to strike the tool head for actuating the chisels, or for producing a cutting effect on the stone rebound from the stone by the action of springs. Patent completed.

2239 R. DAGLISH. Improvements in steam generators. Dated August 30, 1866.

This invention relates more particularly to multitubular self-contained or other steam generators, provided with a combustion, chambers and consists in the appli-.. cation and use to and in the combustion chamber of a number of water tubes placed vertically or nearly vertically therein, such tubes opening at the lower end into the water space beneath the combustion chamber, whilst their upper ends communicate with the water space at the top of the said chamber. Patent completed,

The object of the first of these improvements is to combine a bag with a muff in such a manner as to obtain such well as preventing the dirt or grit, from use, working into expansion that the insertion of the hands in the muff shall placed under operation, and the tool head is caused to not interfere with the filling of the bag or pocket, nor the filling of such bag or pocket with the use of the muff. For this purpose the muff is formed at the back of the bag or pocket by a band or piece of material behind the bag, extending from the top to the bottom, and the patentees use ar elastic or expansible and contractable connection between the lower end of the bag and the corresponding part of the muff, or the piece which, when combined with the bag, forms a muff; such expansible or elastic connection consisting of one or more strips, bands, cords, or pieces of elasother elastic cords passed freely through eyes or orifices in tic material, and this they effect by using caoutchouc or the bottom part of the bag, and through other eyes or orifices in the bottom part of the muff. The bodies of muffs have hitherto been made mainly of fur, sealskin, or textile fabric, whereas, according to this invention the patentees combine in the manufacture materials not hitherto so combined for the purpose, whereby they render a muff duly expansible for use, and yet sufficiently substantial to receive a pocket. For this purpose they form the body or main part of the muff of leather or similar substantial material, and form the ends of fur, sealskin, or similar substance; and on the front of the muff, at the outside of the leather or other similar material, they form a pocket, the opening of which they cover by a flap, so that articles may be readily and safely carried in a pocket thus contrived without having to remove the hands from the muff. Patent completed.

2227 T. TURNER, jun., and W. SIDDONS, jun. An improved cartridge or cartridge case extractor for breechloading guns. Dated August 29, 1866.

This invention is applicable to the description of breechloaders known as the" Lefaucheaux," as well as to other modified kinds of the same description of breech-loaders, constructed for using what are commonly called "centralfire cartridges," the cases of which are made with metallic or other flanges at their rear ends, and the invention for extracting such cartridges or exploded cases consists in forming a slot or its equivalent in the forward part of the cartridge or cartridge-case extractor, into or against which a projection works, formed with or secured to the part technically known amongst gunmakers in the construction of such kind of guns as the "body," lying in the recess formed between the barrels when the barrels and the body are in contact, so that after relieving the barrels from the detent in connection with the body, and allowing them to drop in their forward end, the action of the projection (before referred to) working in a radius in or against the inner end of the extractor will bring the extractor backwards towards the user, and in so doing will bring out the cartridges or cases so that they may be readily removed, and fresh cartridges appled. Patent completed.

2228 W. O. BROOKES. Improvements in means or apparatus for balling wool and other fibres. (A communication.) Dated August 29, 1866. The balling of wool and other fibre is effected by winding on to pipes or tubes ordinarily formed of metal, with small flanges at each end, and these pipes or tubes are supported between discs upon an axis, to which the desired rotary motion is given for the formation of the balls. In order to the removal and replacement of these pipes or tubes for fresh balls one of the discs is movable, and according to ordinary arrangements for the purpose the removal and replacement of such discs is effected by screwing. The improvements consist in applying this loose plate upon one end of a lever arm, the other end of which may be weighted or otherwise balanced, or have a tendency to hold this loose plate either against the pipe or tube or from it, during the change, and yet hold it in position, so that it may be capable of revolving with the pipe or tube, and the axis to which it is applied. The pipe or tube is formed of wood or other suitable material, with grooves or recesses in its ends, to take on to corresponding projections on the respective discs in order that they may revolve together. Patent abandoned.

2229 J. G. TONGUE. Improvements in looms. (A communication.) Dated August 29, 1866. This invention relates to novel means of depositing the filling or weft within the warp, and of forming the selvage at one edge of the web. The weft yarn or filling is taken from a bobbin spool or yarn beam, arranged in suitable position by means of an eye-pointed needle, the length of which is somewhat greater than the width of the warp or web to be woven, and which is so arranged, applied, and operated as to have a longitudinal movement to and fro in a direction transverse to the warps, and properly timed in relation with the harness motion of the loom to enter the warp from one side, pass through it and be withdrawn therefrom every time the shed is open by the harness in the usual manner. By this movement the said needle is made to carry the weft yarn or filling double through every shed of the warp. Patent completed.

2230 J. Davis. An improved method of treating limestone and applying the products for purifying and rendering water palatable, and for imparting a briskness to other beverages, as also for utilising the substances to the various purposes of the builder. Dated August 29, 1866.

This invention has for its objects improvements in the preparation of substances to be used for purifying water, and imparting to it and other beverages a salutary briskness; as also in the production of materials suitable for ornamental objects, and the constructive designs of the builder and architect. For the purpose of carrying out the invention the inventor employs, first, limestones, magnesian or otherwise, together with or without the carbonates of soda and potash, or one of them, which substances he reduces to the caustic state by calcining them in a retort or retorts, made either of metal, mixed metals, or burnt earths. The specification of the invention is too voluminous to be quoted here in detail. Patent completed.

2233 S. B. SIMON. Improvements în lifting jacks. (A
communication.) Dated August 30, 1866.
For the purposes of this invention a rod or bar of a cruci-
form or other suitable section is employed, the upper end
of which is of a form suitable to carry the load required;
the lower end of this rod or bar is guided in its motion by
suitable guides formed in the standard or frame of the jack.
The rod or bar also passes through a metal loop having a
hole therein of a form similar to that of the rod or bar, but
of a somewhat larger size, in such manner that the rod or
bar may be freely drawn through it for adjustment when
the loop is at right angles or thereabouts to the bar; but
when the loop is allowed to fall into an an inclined position
it grips the rod or bar in the manner of a friction brace, and
effectually holds the rod or bar at the height required. The
loop referred to is pin jointed to a lever arm, which is also
pin-jointed to a link working in the frame or standard of

the jack in such manner that when the rod or bar is adjusted
to the height required to come close to the under side of the
load, and the lever handle is depressed, the load will be
raised a short distance, and there held as required. Patent
abandoned.

2234 D. CALNON. An improved crank for single or double
purchase crabs or winches. Dated August 30, 1866.
This invention is carried out as follows:-On the end of
the spindle to which the crank is usually affixed the inven
tor secures a bar or a disc or lever wheel. Near the point
at which it is so affixed he attaches the crank handle to the
said bar, or disc, or lever wheel, by means of eyebolts or
other suitable attachment, through which the crank passes.
One of such eyebolts or other attachment is used as
a fulcrum, so as to obtain the required leverage. The end
of the crank is steadied by passing through a similar eye-
bolt or attachment, or more than one may be used when the
crank is lengthened. In the bar, disc, or lever wheel above
referred to he forms a hole, situated at a certain distance
from the point of attachment, into which a stud projects,
which is secured to the crank, and passes down the bar, or
disc, or lever wheel, when the end of the crank is raised in
In this way the crank handle absolutely
being turned.
revolves on a point not coincident with the spindle of the
crab or winch, but a double purchase and an increase of
power is obtained in consequence of the additional length
of the crank beyond the point of attachment, and the
purchase brought on the end of the stud when the crank
handle is raised. Patent abandoned,

2235 A. J. CLAIRMONTE. The elastic tubular india-rubber
air chambered panels. Dated August 30, 1866.
Provisional protection has not been allowed for this in-

vention.

2236 J. M. MELLOR. Softening, disintegrating, and bleaching vegetable fibres. Dated August 30, 1866.

The patentee claims, first, the use and application of the softening and disintegrating solution described, viz. :-The combined solutions of carbonate of soda or sal-soda, or other alkali, and lime water, with or without the combined use of electricity or ozone for the purpose of softening and disintegrating Vegetable fibres, substantially as described. Second, the use and application of the bleaching solution described, viz. :-The combined solutions of chloride of lime and carbonate of soda or sal-soda, or other alkali, with or without the combined use of electricity or ozone, for the purpose of bleaching vegetable fibres, substantially as described. Third, the use and application of electricity separately or in combination with any suitable substance for softening, disintegrating, and bleaching vegetable fibres. Fourth, the use and application of ozone separately or in combination with any suitable substance for softening,

2240 J. H. JOHNSON. An improved pavement for roads, streets, and other thoroughfares. (A communication.)' Dated August 30, 1866.

This invention relates to the manufacture and use of a cheap and durable artificial paving block suitable for paving roads, streets, and other thoroughfares, and consists, essentially, in the combination of three distinct elements which are so united together by powerful pressure in a mould as to form a solid block. These elements consist of fine concrete or artificial or other stone or burnt clay, in the form of a tile or slab, which constitutes the base of the block, and gives weight or ballast thereto. Upon this base is laid, while in a plastic state, a schisto bituminous compound, composed, first, of that class of mineral known to geologists as schist (preference being given to slate), which is to be employed in a powdered or finely divided state; second, siliceous sand; third, resinous, bituminous, pitchy or tarry mixture. These ingredients in any suitable proportions are to be well mixed and incorporated together whilst in a heated state, and the compound thus obtained is then readily to be introduced into the mould. In this schisto-bituminous compound, which is made to cover not only the top but also the sides or edges of the concrete or stone block, there is embedded a cast or wrought iron or steel plate cap or grating, and when cast iron is used, it is preferred to cast in chills for the purpose of hardening its surface. Putent completed.

2241 H. E NEWTON. An improved process for treating and preserving beer and other fermented liquors. (A communication.) Dated August 30, 1866.

This invention, as applied to the treating and preserving of beer, consists in heating the beer rapidly in a close vessel, and then as suddenly cooling it. Patent aban

doned.

2242 W. E. NEWTON. Improvements in machinery for hulling and cleaning coffee and other berries or seeds. (A communication.) Dated August 30, 1866.

Patent completed.
This invention is not described apart from the drawings.

2243 A. ALBINI and F. A. BRAFNDLIN. Improvements in breechloading firearms. Dated August 30, 1866.

This invention relates to breech-loading firearms, in which the breech ends are opened for charging, and closed for discharge, by a block or closer hinged to the breech end of the barrel, and which firearms are discharged by the use of self-ignition cartridges having metallic cases, or cases requiring to be extracted from the barrels, The improve. ments consist of the arrangement or combination of parts hereinafter described for fastening down the hinged blocks or closers of the said firearms, and at the same time discharging the self-ignition cartridges in the breech end of the barrels. The block or closer by which the breech end of the barrel is closed may be hinged either to the top or side of the barrel. In the axis of the said block or closer a pin or striker works for discharging the cartridge in the breech of the barrel, the advance motion of the pin or striker being effected in the matter hereinafter explained, and the return motion may be effected by a coiled spring or by the shutting down of the breech. In the rear of the hinged head of the striker projects when the said striker is in its block is a cylindrical or other shaped hole, into which the normal position. The striker is projected forward and the breech block fastened down in the following manner :Passing through an opening in the rear end of the breech chamber, into which the breech block shuts down, is a cylindrical or other shaped bolt; the said bolt may be in a line with the pin or striker in the said block, and also coincident with the hole in the rear of the said block. Or the bolt may be situated at an angle with the pin or striker. The rear end of this bolt is connected to the hammer of the gun, the upper part of the said hammer being bent or cranked nearly at right angles to the other part, so as to bring that end to which the bolt is connected nearly in a line with the axis of the barrel. By the motion of the hammer the said bolt slides in the hole in the rear end of the breech chamber, and may be made to enter the opening in the rear of the breech block. When the hammer is raised to half-cock, the front end of the bolt is within the hole in the rear end of the chamber, and the breech block is free to be raised for the introduction of a self-ignition cartridge into the breech end of the barrel, the said cartridge having a metallic or partly metallic case. The cart

parts, which are to be incorporated by melting together
and heating until dry or hard. Putent abandoned.
chines. Dated September 1, 1866.
2253 P. F. Michaud. Improvements in weighing ma-

bent beam or lever, with a scale pan at one end and a weight
In performing this invention the inventors employ a
at the other, and the weight being much heavier than the
the arm of the beam which carries the pan is horizontal, or
scale pan remains nearly vertically under the axis, whilst
nearly so; any weight, then, which is placed in the scale pan
depresses it, and displaces to a corresponding extent the
weight at the other end of the beam, and the amount of
arrangement is not novel, but according to this invention
this displacement is the measure of the weight. So far the
the inventor connects with it a dial graduated with divi-
other scale, according to the size of the instrument or the
sions representing pounds and ounces, or graduated to any
purpose for which it is required. On the dial is an index
mounted on an axis, and there is a pinion on this axis gear-
ing with a toothed arc formed at one end of a bell-cranked
lever, the other end of which bears against a stud or small
roller on the weighted beam, so that the movement of the
beam is communicated to the bell-crank lever. It is pre-
ferred that the arm of the bell-crank lever should be curved
so that it and the index it drives may move over angular
spaces proportional to the weight placed in the scale pan.
Each weighing apparatus may be furnished with two or
more weights, so that the weight on the beam may be
changed from time to time, and the inventor so proportions
these weights that the same dial which with one weight
will indicate (say) ounces, will, with the other weight indi-
cate pounds; or other units of weight may be selected,
suitable provision being made for securing the weights to

the beam in their proper positions. Patent abandoned. 2254 J. BAKER. Improvements in reaping machines.

This invention relates to a peculiar construction of rake for self-raking reaping machines, and consists in constructing the rakes in such a manner that the teeth, or that portion of the rake to which the teeth are attached, shall be movable, and have such a degree of elasticity or spring given to them that they will be better able to overcome and yield to the resistance offered to them when coming in contact with heavy pressure. In carrying out this invention it is proposed to hinge that portion of the rake on which the teeth are placed, and to retain it in its position, by means of springs or any elastic material, so that when subjected to heavy pressure it shall partly yield to the resistance offered, and thereby break the force of the blow, which is now a serious drawback to the ordinary or rigid rakes generally employed. Patent completed.

for facilitating the moving of moulds and the draining of
2255 S. VICKESS. An improved method of and apparatus
syrup from the sugar solutions and sugar in the said moulds
in the manufacture of sugar. Dated September 3, 1866.
We cannot here give space to the details of this invention.
Patent abandoned.

2256 A. W. HOSKING. An improved apparatus or detector for rendering safes secure from burglary. Dated September 3, 1866.

This invention consists in establishing a communication between the safe and a signal light or lamp which may be applied outside the building or attached to the window or other part of the front of the shop, warehouse, office, or other premises where a safe is used. Patent completed. 2267 R. FROST. Improvements in means or apparatus to be employed in order to facilitate the teaching of writing and drawing. Dated September 3, 1866. This invention relates, first, to the employment of a tablet made of cardboard or other suitable material, and of any suitable size. This tablet is provided with a rectangular or other suitably shaped aperture, which, when the tablet is placed over the paper, slate, or other material in use, exposes the desired amount of surface either for a drawing or for a line of writing. Copy models for writing or drawing are fixed by pins or other suitable means to the upper portion of the tablet; or they may be printed thereon. This portion of the tablet, in some cases, may be in the same place as the lower portion thereof, whilst in other cases it is raised slightly above, and either parallel or inclined to the surface upon which the writing or drawing is about to be made. Patent completed.

2258 M. KNOWLES. Certain improvements in looms for weaving carpets and other pile fabrics, &c. Dated September 3, 1866.

This invention is not described apart from the drawings. Patent completed.

In performing this invention the patentee proceeds as follows: First, the fibres or fabrics to be bleached are covered with a layer or coating of peroxide of manganese, by any of the methods described in the specification. Se condly, the fibres and fabrics thus covered are placed in a damp state upon the ground, in bleaching houses or places, or upon hurdles or frames, until the reduction of the per2259 D. CADDICK. Improvements in the construction and Thirdly, when this reduction is judged sufficient, the fibres oxide of manganese is partially or completely effected. melting metals, and for economising the heat of such fur-sulphurous or hydrofluoric acid or sulphoazotic acid, or working of furnaces for puddling, balling, heating, and or fabrics are dipped in water containing in solution either any other acid capable of rapidly dissolving the oxides of manganese, or in liquors containing in solation alkalies or alkaline lyes, which, at ebullition, dissolve the oxides of manganese. The acids mentioned more than all other diluted acids rapidly dissolve the oxides of manganese.

naces. Dated September 3, 1866.

The patentee claims, first, a construction of furnaces for puddling, balling, heating, and melting metals whereby streams of water are caused to flow through the doors, door fraines, and into and over certain parts of such furnaces for the purpose of keeping the same cool, as described with reference to the drawings. Second, the application of perforated pipes to cause the streams of water to flow over the inner and outer surfaces of the front plates to the jamb blocks or "boshes," and from thence to the bridge plates of furnaces for puddling, balling, heating, and melting metals, for the purpose of keeping the parts cool, as described. Third, the forming of the dampers for the necks of turnaces of this description hollow, or with pipes for the passage of water to keep the same cool, as described. Fourth, the application of hollow plates or boshes kept cool by the passage of water through them for the workmen to stand upon when engaged at work near to furnaces for puddling, balling, heating, and melting metals, as described. Lastly, he claims the arrangement of steam boilers in combination with furnaces for puddling, balling, heating, and melting metals in order to economise the heat from such furnaces, as described. Patent completed. 2260 E. LAMB and S. MIDDLETON.

This invention relates to the shape, form, and construc tion of wheels for clod crushers and press wheel rollers. The inventor constructs the wheels (say) about twenty-two inches in diameter, with a periphery about three inches wide, half an inch thick in the middle, and tapered off to a quarter of an inch on each side. On the rim are to be fixing the soles and heels of boots and shoes. Dated Sep-three inches from point to point, the tops of which are to placed projecting points about an inch and a quarter deep, tapered off from each angle, the front and back of each be about five-eighths of an inch long, three-eighths wide point to be made with a thin cutting edge. Between each point are to be placed, across the rim of the wheel, other and three quarters at each outside, one sixteenth thick at projections about an inch and a quarter deep at the centre, cutting edge, with a corresponding width where fixed to the the top in the middle tapered off at each outside to a thin rim of the wheel. Olod crushers or rollers constructed of a number of wheels of this kind will penetrate and break

In carrying out this invention various modifications may be adopted, but the principle of the invention consists in so connecting the several parts of which the soles and heels of boots and shoes are formed that the same can be readily connected with or detached from each other. Patent

the hardest blocks, and will reduce them to a fine pulverised state, and will also press any kind of soil fine to the roots of plants. Every other wheel of the series should be made one inch larger in diameter, and one inch larger in the hole than the adjoining ones, and they will produce a self-cleaning action. Patent abandoned.

2269 E. NELSON. Improvements in the mode of treating certain Abrous vegetable substances, so as to render them suitable for the manufacture of textile und other fabrics. Dated September 4, 1866.

This invention consists in the method or methods emr ployed for removing the siliceous and albuminous matte with which certain fibrous vegetable substances are com bined, and this the patentee effects by treating the said vegetable substances, with argillaceous or oleaginous matter, either separately or combined, in conjunction with heat applied by steam either in its simple or superheated state, or otherwise, by any other convenient and suitable medium, by which means he facilitates the removal of the

siliceous and albuminous matter in such manner as to ren

der the adaptation of the fibre to manufacturing purposes more suitable and economical than beretofore. Patent completed.

2270 G. WHITE. An improved rotary steam engine. (A communication.) Dated September 4, 1866. This invention is not described apart from the drawings. Patent completed.

1866.

2276 E. FARR and I. GREGORY. Improvements in prano-
fortes. Dated September 4, 1866.

This invention consists in affixing the strings of piano-
fortes to the wrest pins, passing them over the wrest plank
or beam down behind the soundboard or sound case,
around or through the bottom plank or beam, returning
them along the face of the soundboard or sound case, and
finally attaching them to the wrest pins at which they
cuit is affixed on both sides of the soundboard or sound
started. A bridge over which the strings pass in their cir-
case, and the position of the said board or case is main
tained by the tension of the strings on both sides of the
soundboard or sound case, and is thus left free in its vi-
bratory faction without the restraining force or rigidity
arising from the use of bars or other such mechanical ap-
pliances commonly adapted to sustain the downward pres-
been strung.
sure caused by the mode in which pianofortes have hitherto
Patent completed.

by screws passing through a hollow D-shaped piece of metal,

which while it serves as a connecting conduit, also affords
means for securing the cases together. Patent completed.
2278 T. G. WEBB. Improvements in furnaces for the
manufacture of glass commonly called melting furnaces.
Dated September 5, 1866.

2277 W. T. SUGG. Improvements in apparatus for regulating the supply of gas. Dated September 5, 1866. This invention relates to the construction of governors especially adapted for regulating the supply of gas to public lamps, and consists, firstly, in casting the cases of metal (by preference of a mixture of zinc and lead, tin and antimony) in brass or other metallic moulds, whereby a certain degree of perfection is ensured, and the labour of finishing them greatly diminished. Secondly, in casting orifices or channels through the said cases in such manner as to allow of ample space for the gas to flow without interruption, and 2271 W. C. HOLMES and J. W. PERKINS. Improvements at the same time afford great facility for cleaning or rein apparatus for the distillation of paraffin and petroleum moving any deposit that may collect therein. Thirdly, for or other hydrocarbon oils. Dated September 4, 1866. moulding the leather or gutta-percha prepared material for Provisional protection has not been granted for this in- the diaphragm into a curved surface, and impressing it vention. with a number of concentric indentations or rings, where2272 O. REEVES. Improvements in cartridge case ex-by the rising and falling of the diaphragm by the pressure tractors for breechloading firearms. Dated September 4, of the gas is rendered more easy and gradual in its action. Fourthly, the mode of securing the diaphragm to the lower These improvements are applicable to breech-loading fire- part of the case by means of a flat metallic ring screwed on its arme in which the breech is opened and closed by a block periphery. Fifthly, in the mode of attaching the valve to or closer hinged to the side of the barrel, as well as to fire-sixthly, in the mode of fastening the upper and lower cases the diaphragm by metallic shields, nut, and washers; and arms in which a sliding plug or plunger is employed to open and close the breech. The invention, as applied to a barrel breech-loading gun having a hinged block or closer is carried out as follows:-At the mouth or entrance to the breech end of the barrel a recess is made, in which recess the extractor slides, the said extractor consisting of a square or cylindrical rod having a cross piece or hook on its end. This cross piece or hook lies flush with the end of the barrel, and has the necessary depression in it into which the flange of the cartridge case enters when placed in the breech of the barrel. The sliding motion of the extractor to expel or start the exploded cartridge case from the barrel is effected by means of a cranked or bent lever situated on the side of the gun. The said lever moves in a vertical plane upon an axis situated nearly under the extractor, the long arm of the said lever being nearly hori zontal, and the short arm nearly vertical. The end of the short arm of the lever is connected by a pin and slot with the front end of the rod of the extractor. The long arm of the lever is made into a handle. After the gun has been discharged, and the hinged block lifted from the breech end, the handle or long arm of the lever is depressed, its short arm is thereby moved toward the butt end of the gun, carrying with it the cartridge extractor, and the exploded cartridge case is started or extracted from the barrel. On the removal of the hand from the handle of the lever, the hook or acting part of the extractor is returned to its position in the mouth of the barrel by the pressure of a spring. Or the handle of the lever may be raised by hand. The lever described for working the extractor may be placed on the right or left-hand side of the gun, or on the under side of the gun. Or the extractor itself may work on the underside of the gun. Patent completed.

2273 A. PABAY and J. A. WANKLYN, Improvements in the extraction of iodine and bromine from kelp. Dated September 4, 1866.

In performing this invention the inventors convert kelp into oxalates and other salts by a well-known process, which consists in heating it strongly with caustic alkalies, Having done this they obtain thereby a saline mass, from 'which oxalic acid is extracted by well-known processes, and there remains a mother liquor containing all the iodine and bromine originally present in the kelp. The iodine and bromine are to be extracted from this mother liquor by the well-known processes. Patent abandoned. *2274 J. B. BROWN. Improvements in mowing machines. Dated September 4, 1866. The drums of mowing machines are now commonly made of cast iron, but such drums are, however, heavy and more or less expensive. Now according to this invention the patentee makes these drums of porcelain, earthenware, or similar plastic material, such drums being lighter and cheaper, and they run with less friction. The drum, as the patentee prefers to construct it, is a plain cylinder of earthenware, constructed in the same way as earthenware pipes are commonly made, or it may be on a potter's wheel, but care is taken in the burning to prevent the roller warping out of shape. It is afterwards fitted with metal ends, which are secured by cement or otherwise. Also where the drums are made of iron, he coats them with vitreous enamel, 80 as to reduce friction and improve the appearance of the machine. The drums are cast as heretofore, and are then enamelled on the periphery in the same way as many articles of cast iron are now commonly enamelled. Patent completed.

2275 G. LowBY. Improvements in machinery for spinning flax and other like fibrous materials. Dated September 4, 1866.

The object of this invention is to simplify and improve certainparts of a spinning frame for flax and other like fibrous materials where the rove is drawn out or elongated, and consists in adopting adjustable bearings for the ends of the axle of the top pressing roller to work in; also in constructing the saddle to hang by an adjustable bearing upon the axle of the top pressing roller, or upon a suitable rod or bearing provided for the same. The length of the saddle is capable of adjustment by means of a screw and nut attached thereto, in order to suit the length of reach required for spinning different classes of material. Also in constructing the bolsters or bushes in which the spindles run in spinning or roving frames with a loose washer, which has its upper edge rounded in contact with the collar on the bolster suitably shaped to receive it, so that on screwing the bolster to the rail, the round edge of the washer permits the bolster to be adjusted to any little inequality in the bore or other like derangement. Patent completed.

This invention is not described apart from the drawings.
Patent completed.

2279 J. LEETCH. Improvements in breechloading firearms.
Dated September 5, 1866.

top

This invention has for its objects the construction of a
new form of breech to enable a central-fire cartridge con-
taining its own ignition to be inserted at the breech end of
the barrel, and a similar but effective mechanical arrange-
ment for withdrawing the exploded cartridge case. The
inventor effects these objects in the following manner:-
He leaves the ordinary gun barrel slightly thicker at the
breech end than at the other, and between the breech and
the firing point he cuts a slot sufficiently large to admit the
cartridge. Into this slot he fits what he calls a
piece," at the front end of which is placed a movable
jointed cone, to which is attached a rim forming about
half a circle, and into this semicircular ring or rim the pro-
jection on the base of the cartridge falls. The top piece is
then pushed forward, carrying with it the cone and car-
then shut down, and forms a solid resisting point for the
tridge totheir proper place in the barrel. The top piece is
concussion consequent on the discharge of the gun. The
top piece is held urmly in its position by a self-acting bolt
which prevents it from moving till the lock is brought to
half cock; then the top piece may be again lifted and
drawn back, when the cartridge case, following the cone,
is brought altogether out from the barrel opposite the
slot, and can easily be thrown away from the gun; another
cartridge can now be introduced, and the top piece again
closed ready for firing. The safety and simplicity of this
invention ensure the greatest possible facility in loading
and withdrawing the cartridge case, and consequently the
greatest rapidity in firing is attainable. Patent abandoned.
2280 J. WILSON. Improvements in street gas lamps.
Dated September 5, 1866.

This invention consists in forming street gas lamps with-
out side frame, the top being supported and connected to
the bottom by two small rods of iron secured to the top
part of the lamp post; the edges of the glass sides join
each other, being kept in their places by the rebates formed
in the metal top and bottom only of the lamp, thereby
causing no shadow on the ground below, and increasing the
hinged doors are placed in the bottom of the lamp, which
amount of available light from each burner. Two small
enable the gas to be lighted from below, no ladder being
required, except for cleaning; and for this purpose a double
hinged door is placed at the top of the lamp, which, when
opened, falls back on the lamp, and cannot therefore be
swung about and broken by the wind. Patent abandoned.

2281 O. OETTI. Improvements in the construction of the ceilings of buildings. Dated September 5, 1866.

This invention consists in using with the ordinary joists
a series of supplementary joists for carrying the ceiling of
the room, instead of connecting the ceiling to the joists
carrying the flooring. Patent abandoned.

2282 H. KNOX. Signalling an alarm from railway car-
riages when in motion. Dated September 5, 1866.
This invention consists in the employment of a tube open
at both ends placed lengthways outside the carriage, or so
as that the two ends are outside, having in it one or more
whistles, and one or more valves, to be opened or shut
from inside the carriage by a handle, or otherwise, attached
to the valve or valves. Patent abandoned.

2283 H. ROBINS. Improvements in sheathing iron ships
and other floating bodies and other iron structures subject
to the action of sea and other waters. Dated September 5,
1866.

According to this invention, the iron surface to be sheathed has formed in it, at suitable intervals apart, gitudinally by a wedge-formed projection which stands up dovetail grooves or recesses, each groove being divided lonfrom the bottom of the groove; the sheathing plates, which may be of zinc or other suitable metal, are rolled or formed with projecting ribs or flanges to enter and be firmly wedged into the undercut dovetail grooves in the iron surface. The ribs are held firmly in the grooves by wedge-formed projections from the bottom of the grooves, bending out the ribs of the sheathing plates, and pressing them against the undercut sides of the grooves, so holding them securely. Patent completed.

2284 R. S. M. VAUGHAN. Improved apparatus for cleaning and polishing boots, shoes, and knives. Dated September 5, 1866.

This apparatus is constructed and arranged as follows: -To the lower end of a vertical shaft a circular disc is attached eccentrically, so as to revolve therewith, as here inafter mentioned. The disc is placed in the interior of a rectangular box of wood, cast iron, or any other suitable apparatus, being supported by means of suitable framing, material, such box, together with the other portions of the in which are placed slides or other analogous contrivances, in or upon which the before-mentioned rectangular box can work, as hereinafter mentioned. Upon the vertical shaft being caused to rotate by means of wheels and gearing. actuated by any suitable motive power (as well understood), the revolution of the eccentrically mounted disc will be effected, and the rectangular box moved thereby alternately backwards and forwards with any desired degree of rapidity. For the purposes of cleaning and polishing boots and shoes, brushes of any suitable form, and of any desired degree of hardness, are attached to the lower surface of the rectangular box, such brushes being affixed to the same so as to be readily removable for the purpose of substituting brushes of a different character. Patent abandoned.

PROVISIONAL PROTECTIONS.

Dated January 10, 1867. 65 G. Inderwick, Princes-street, Leicester-square, pipe merchant. Improvements in tobacco pouches. Dated February 1, 1867. 278 I. Baggs, High Holborn, practical chemist. Improvements in obtaining and applying motive power. Dated February 19, 1867. 447 H. Haschke, Watling-street, City, commission agent, for the same. (A communication.) Improvements in breechloading firearms, and in cartridges Dated February 25, 1867. 513 J. Cash and J. Cash, jun., Coventry, manufacturers. An improvement in the manufacture of towels. Dated February 26, 1867. 528 J. G. Taylor, Boulerart St. Martin, Paris, manufacturer. Improvements in the manufacture of chains and fastenings.

530 A. V. Newton, Chancery-lane, mechanical draftsman. Improvements in fastenings for driving and other belts or bands. (A communication.)

532 O. E. Brooman, Fleet-street, patent agent. A new method of and apparatus for winding up clockwork. (A coinmunication.) Dated February 27, 1867.

536 W. Stobbs, Leeds, coach proprietor. An improved steam driving wheel for imparting rotary motion to shafts. 538 J. Saxby and J. S. Farmer, Patent Railway Signal Works, Kilburn, railway signal engineers. Improvements in apparatus for working and governing, controlling or regulating railway signals, points, and switches.

640 T. Humphreys, Deptford, firewood merchant. new or improved fagot or fire-lighter.

544 S. Butler, Nottingham, lace manufacturer. Improvements in the manufacture of figured lace in twist lace machines.

548 M. Mackay, Surrey-street, Portsea, Hampshire, bleacher. Improvements in boiling and bleaching all kinds of textile fabrics and vegetable fibres and matters,

550 A. V. Newton, Chancery-lane, mechanical drafts man. An improvement in screws and bolts. (A communication.)

Dated February 28, 1867.

founders. An improved mode or manner of securing door 553 T. Hyatt, Wolverhampton, Staffordshire, brassand other knobs to their spindles.

Improvements in ap

554 R. E. Guy, Liverpool, clerk. paratus for the reception of monies paid as fares in omni buses and other vehicles.

556 A. G. Chalus, Rue St. Appoline, Paris, merchant. Improvements in apparatus for producing artificial light from gas, air, and liquids.

557 J. Piddington, Gracechurch-street, City. Improve ments in inkstands. (A communication.)

558 A. M'Callum, Greenock, Renfrewshire. An improved mode or means for actuating motive power engines, and improvemets in the apparatus employed therefor.

559 A. B. Brown, Vauxhall Iron Works, Wandsworthroad. Improvements in steering apparatus, and in machi engines. nery for stopping, starting, and reversing heavy steam

561 E. T. Hughes, Chancery-lane. An improved brake for sewing machines. (A communication.)

562 J. Buhler, Keppel-street. Improvements in ovens and kilns for drying and burning bricks and other artioles.

2

563 A. A. Croll, Coleman-street, City, civil engineer. Improvements in the treatment of liquid hydrocarbons for the purpose of obtaining a permanent gas.

cestershire. Improvements in destroying explosive gases 565 J. Harbert and F. Goodman, Kidderminster, Worin coal and other mines, in order to render them safe for the miners to enter.

567 G. F. Russell, Piccadilly. Improvements in the manufacture and construction of wheels.

569 W. E. Newton, Chancery-lane, civil engineer. Improved apparatus to be used as spinal, abdominal, and pelvic truss supports. (A communication.)

571 A V. Newton, Chancery-lane, mechanical draftsman. Improvements in steam and gas engines. (A com. munication.) Dated March 1, 1867. 573 J. C. Broadbent, Rochdale, Lancashire, engineer. A compound safety disengaging hook. 575 T. Berrene, Boulevart de Strasbourg, Paris, railway engineer. Improvements in the process and apparatus for perforating tunnels and galleries of mines of great length through rocks much quicker than by the process hitherto employed.

577 W. C. Thurgar, Norwich, surgeon. Improved means or apparatus for regulating the supply of gas to burners.

༥ ་

579 W. Parry, mineral surveyor, and J. Frearson, mechanical engineer, Birmingham. Improvements in treating purpose. or purifying sewage, and in apparatus to be used for that

581 F. W. Jones, Exeter. Improvements in machinery

794 A. S. Cameron, New York. Improvements in the construction and arrangement of the connections and casings of lock-up or protected safety valves for steam PATENTS ON WHICH THE STAMP DUTY OF 150 generating apparatus.

THE

MECHANICS' MAGAZINE.

LONDON: FRIDAY, APRIL 5, 1867.

which to the non-professionals is an advantage, The require 35 horses to drag them

The

NAVAL CANNON FOUNDRY AT
RUELLE.

admittance into one of the inner concentric big guns, like the golden apple at the margalleries. The principal entrance to the riage of Peleus, obtrude their gigantic dimen"Grande nef" is so placed as to form the sions and frowning appearance in the midst boundary between that portion of it devoted of other peaceful features, but we trust that to the English and that appropriated to the there is no inscription on their surface calcuFrench Exhibition, and accordingly as the lated to produce a similar sequel. Among visitor turns to the right hand or the left so them are two huge monsters from the "Naval does he find himself in one or other of these cannon foundry at Ruelle," a full description two departments. We have before alluded to of which, and of their manufacture, we are at the upper gallery running round the whole of present laying before our readers in an inTHE PARIS EXHIBITION. the machinery court, so that a person is teresting series of articles upon that subject. HE inauguration of the Palace of the enabled to view the machines from above, These two guns weigh over 32 tons each, Champ de Mars, of Monday last, convincing proof that the Emperor's word is as it affords a good general idea of the manner along. Notwithstanding their enormous prolike the law of the Medes and Persians-it in which they work. The French and the portions they are equalled, if not surpassed, by altereth not. Ready or not ready, finished or English had it all to themselves with respect a warlike brother from Prussia, emanating unfinished, complete or incomplete, the decree to machinery in motion, as nearly a dead from the well-known works of M. Krupp, of had gone forth and it was obeyed to the letter, silence prevailed in those portions of the court Essen, which have also been fully described Coûte qu'il Coûte. As the Americans say, it allotted to other contributors. Both Austria in our pages. Another month's work, night was "bound" to be opened, and so it was. and Prussia are well forward with machinery and day, will probably put everything en train The building itself may at present be com- at rest, and it will not be many days before within and without the Palace; but until then pared to a large empty box which requires to they contribute to the general whirr by start- it is vain to hope that anything like a combe opened before it can be filled; and since the ing their own engines. The Commission plete inspection or satisfactory view can be former operation is now accomplished the lat- furnish gratuitously a supply of water, gas, obtained. ter will speedily follow. Some idea of the and steam, and also the chief motive power amount of emptiness, if we may use the phrase, for any machinery that may require it. pervading the entire interior of the Palace may power, except in a few instances, is transmitted be gained from the fact that, out of the whole through a main horizontal shaft, but the exnumber of different nationalities represented hibitors have to make the connection with HE therein, but four can be considered to have their own driving gear by means of driving casting of a cannon being successfully accomplished as described in our last adequately displayed their several contribu- pulleys, intermediate shafts, and belts in the article on this subject, its complete solidifications. The rest were all more or less in the manner best adapted for regulating the tion requires a duration of time varying from background; and many of the smaller states speed of their particular machines. Engines an hour and a half to five hours, according to were compelled, in college language, to "sport which must be worked by their own its size; and it is not until after the lapse of their oak," having not a single article to ex-boilers may be exhibited among the class we some days that the whole mass becomes hibit. It certainly appears a very extraordin- have designated as dead machinery, but are thoroughly cool and in a proper condition to ary proceeding on the part of the authorities not permitted to get up steam within the be taken out of the mould. For some time to have allowed so large a number of idlers in Palace. This precaution is perfectly just and past the method of casting the cannons at and about the works while they were in pro- reasonable, and moreover as steam power is Ruelle with the breach downwards has been gress, and, moreover, at a time when every ready to hand, there is no excuse left for any-discontinued, since it is now generally adminute was at its maximum value. When a body who refuses to use it, and if from the mitted that the densest part of a long cast-iron contractor commences operations the first nature of his machinery he is unable to do so, cylinder is not, as would naturally be supthing he does is to shut in the site of the he cannot be expected to jeopardise other ex-posed, at the end occupying the lowest position undertaking, and allow "no admittance except hibitors and the public to his own sole advan- in the mould and consequently supporting the on business." In all probability the most tage. Besides the machinery court, the only rigorous adoption of this plan would not have gallery that contained anything worth seeing very much altered the internal condition of the on Monday last was that appropriated to the Palace at its opening, but it is the principle of reception of pictures, marbles, glass, china, doing work or rather expecting to do any work and other objects of fine art. Unfortunately upon such a system, that calls for reprobation. this gallery is one of the innermost, situated One would have expected that the French nearest to the central garden, so that the authorities might have profited by the lesson visitors in passing to it, had full opportunities set before them and the rest of the world at the of observing the general nakedness of the inaugural ceremony of our own Exhibition of interior of the building, in fact it was impos1862, when a whole legion of workmen, sible to wink at it. One redeeming feature in porters, and scavengers remained at their work the universal barrenness of the scene was the until the very last moment, and were not imperial pavilion, which is a perfect little gem driven away from their unfinished task until of its kind. It contains besides ante-chambers, the visitors actually commenced to arrive three principal apartments, one for the use of inside the building. the Empress, fitted up in the style of Louis XVI, another for that of the Emperor à la Louis XIV, and a third intended for the Prince Imperial, decorated and embellished after the Moorish taste. The entrance door to this charming little resting place is ornamented with embossed and scroll work of steel, at an expense, it is said, of more than a thousand pounds.

In our former articles on this subject we have fully described all the available means of communication to or from the Champ de Mars, whether by land or water, and although some of the lines converging to that prominent focus cannot be said to be completely finished, yet they are sufficiently so for all the purposes of traffic, and the little that remains to be done will be accomplished in a very short period. The park presents still a very barren, rugged appearance, by no means improved by large heaps of excavated stuff run to spoil here and there wherever it was most convenient. The absence of gravel upon the walks, and flowers upon the beds is most conspicuous, but these will come in due time. An attempt was made to bestow upon a portion of the central garden an horticultural aspect by transplanting a large number of plants there, a short while previous to the inauguration of the Palace, but it was rather a failure, as a single coup d'œil was more than enough to convince the most thorough-bred cockney that the unfortunate specimens were not reposing in their parent soil. The whole of the machinery, living and dead, that is-in motion and at rest, is placed in the "Grande nef," or principal gallery, which, as our readers are aware, is the outermost one of all, and is, therefore, the first into which a visitor enters, and through, or rather across which, he must pass by one of the radial passages to gain

It is in contemplation to establish two cen-
tres or foci of réunion in connection with the
Palace, denominated respectively the Hall of
Conference and the International circle. In
the former will be discussed the merits and
demerits of any new invention, proposed
scheme or enterprise, and also the advantages
to be derived from the employment of the
various objects exhibited. The International
circle has a larger and more extended sphere
of action marked out for it. It is organised
to facilitate the transactions of every con-
ceivable description of business; and every
comfort and convenience that could in any
way promote this result will be pressed into
its service. Although the term of Temple of
Peace may not inappropriately be applied to this
magnificent undertaking, and every product
that can possibly display the benefits accruing
to mankind from its universal diffusion is
lavishly exhibited, yet, at the same time, the
emblems of war are also present, and on a
scale of magnitude and precision far surpass-
"ing any previous collection of the kind. The

weight of the superincumbent fluid, but at a point somewhere about the middle of the length. This statement has been confirmed by experiments made in Sweden. The mould containing the cannon is lifted out of the trench by the large crane, placed upon a strong iron truck and conveyed to the other extremity of the foundry, where the operation of breaking up the mould and cleaning the piece is conducted. In consequence of the interior of the mould being coated with the mixture already mentioned, this latter process is a comparatively easy one, a few blows of a hammer sufficing to disengage all the sand and loose particles adhering to the outside of the casting. In this state it is drawn outside the workshop, and is far from presenting the finished appearance afterwards given to it, as the long shank behind the breech imparts to it a very disproportionate aspect, and the surface which is to be submitted to the action of the lathe is covered with a thick blackish crust turning to red after a short period of exposure to the weather.

The system of construction adopted in France for the naval artillery consists solely in the manufacture of ordnance of large calibre, intended to fire projectiles of a weight and with an amount of force sufficient to pierce the heaviest description of armour-plates. Four different sizes comprise the various classes, having diameters of 6in., 74in., 94in., and 104in. Of these, the last can scarcely be said as yet to have become general, but the last but one, having the diameter of 94in., is turned out in the shops every day. These cannons are not composed of one homogeneous metal, similar to the older cast-iron and bronze pieces, or like the new cast-steel ones manufactured at Krupp's establishment at Essen -a full description of which and of the whole modus operandi has already appeared in our columns'; but they consist of a central part