d

d

Patents for Jui

ABRIDGED SPECIFICA

PATENTS

Tas Abridged Specifications of Printi pr classified, according to the subject to inventions refer, in the following Tat of classification adopted, the numerical order of the specifications is preserved, azt me all the advantages of a division into understood that these abridgements a

For this purpose the object to be exhibited is placed in a close box or chamber opposite to focussing glasses, such as are used in magic lanterns, or for such like purposes, and so that rays of light thrown upon the object may pass through such focussing glasses on to any suitable screen or receiver, the distance of which would be regulated as is usual when using magic lantera apparatus. Powerful light is thrown upon the object to be represented, as it is supported in the close box or chamber, by means of oxyhydrogen, oxycalcium, or other suitable light in lanterns or chambers which may be of the character of magic lanterns, but pro vided only with single or compound condensing glasses. The lights are placed in angular directions on each side or surface of the focussing glass, so as to concentrate their light in the close box or chamber equally on the object to be represented. Putent abandoned.

2551 J. W. DANIELL. Improvements in the construction and mode of propulsion of locomotive carriages, and in 4, 1866.

MECHANICS' MAGAZINE.

instance), outside of which he has a travelling frame con-
aining a pair of rollers or other presse rs, whereby he
squeezes or presses out the air from the tube, beginning
near the point where one end of the tube is inserted (or to
be inserted if the pres-ing operation is performed previous
to placing the tube in the water or liquid) in the reservoir,
The pressure is to
tank, or vessel containing the same.
be continued up and close to the ex t end, and the said tra-
velling frame is provided with a regulator screw for keeping
the rollers or pressers well pressed together so as not to allow
any liquid to pass until the unscrewing action is resorted
to, whereby the action of a drawing-off cock or tap may be
obtained. Patent completed.

2557 G. E. DONISTHORPE. Improvements in machinery
for washing wool, hair, and other fibres. Dated October
4, 1866.

sively for this Magazine from off apparatus to be used in connection therewith. Dated October through a bath of suds, the wool or fibre is laid on to an

the Government, and are therefore the me Proprietors of this Magazine. Other warned not to produce them Fli ment:

BOILERS AND FURNACES,—2545, 255, 59

BOLDINGS AND Building Mats

2606 CHEMISTRY AND PHOTOGRAPHY,EK

This invention consists in certain improvements whereby the use of rails for locomotive carriages is either wholly or in part dispensed with, and many of the disadvantages and evils attendant upon the present mode of constructing and

working railway and the rolling stock employed thereed

are avoided. The locomotive carriages, and also the car-
riages passengers and

ments and machines,-none ELECTRICAL APPARATUS,-GODS

ment TON OF THE SOLL incintiafaquin

FIBROUS, FABRICS, including machine pulp, paper &c.,-2557, 2561, 163,

2604

2592, 2600

constructed without wheels, their transit being food, are

aliding or passing over and upon the peripheries of a series
of wheels, sheaves, or pulleys attached to frames placed at
suitable distances apart from each other, and extending
throughout the entire length of the line of road on each side
thereof. Patent completed.

bath by the arrangement above described comes on to one places two extra bars, one on either side of the shank, and

off it by means of the roliers. The rollers being caused to
revolve, move the fibre along the perforated false bottom.
When the fibre has thus been brought to the opposite end
of the perforated false bottom, it is raised out of the bath
of suds by a similar arrangement of endless apron and
rollers to that by which it was fed into the bath, ani is
delivered to a pair of squeezing rollers by which the suis
are squeezed out of it. The roller above the perforated
false bot om may be arranged to press down towards the
false bottom, so as to press upon the fibre; by this means
as the fibre passes in succession below each roller, the suds
will be expressed from it, whilst as it is passing from one
roller to another the fibre will again open out into the suds.
tion may also be caused to act in a similar manner on the
fibre as it is passing through the bath, the stampers or
pressers in their to and fro movement alternately pressing
the fibre on to the false bottom before mentioned.
completed.

Patent

This invention consists, first, in the adaptation of a bow or arc of iron formed of two movable bars; the upper and lower ends of each are re-pectively connected by any suitable and known means to the ends of the arms of the stock, and to the crown on either side thereof, and, in order to an additional support to the stock, the inventor reaching upwards to the point of junction of the first-named bars, and the ends of the arms of the stock at an angle of about 45 deg.. The object of this how is to ensure the anchor's canting on its flakes or palms on striking the ground, and serves the double purpose of strengthening the stock and shank, while effectually preventing the chain or tackle from fouling the former. Second, the invention consis's in causing the arms bearing the flukes to be jointed to the crown by means of strong hinges to the inside thereof, while the lower part is strengthened by inserting arched bars of iron into the flakes, the said bars working in openings made in the crown in such a manner that, supposing the anchor to have struck the ground on one of its own weight, drawing out with it the bar; by this it will be seen that the unused palm or fluke would be kept out of entering the joint; these bars may be made fixed or movable reach of the tackle, and the bar would form a barrier to its in the flukes. The crown and arms of the anchor are made hollow, instead of being one solid mass as at present. causes openings to be made through the parts above named, giving the head the appearance of a framework of iron; the size of the openings would be regulated according to the. dimensions of the anchor, care being taken that the parts most likely to be tested as to strength shall be of sufficient.. solidity to bear the same. Patent abandoned.

He

FOOD AND BEVERAGES, includins spare food for men and animals,-254,1ments in tube and bar cutters, and in apparatus connected 2562 J. WOLSTENHOLME and T. PENDLEBURY. ImproveFURNITURE AND APPAREL, including therewith. Dated October 4, 1866. time-keepers, jewellery, musical 5 This invention consists, chiefly, in making the centre 2554, 2555 2465, 2569, 216, 51 portion of a wranch with two projecting parts, into one of which is placed two rollers, or a recess to receive the tube or GENERAL MACHINERY,-2545,254,1 bar of metal to he cut; on the other side of the same proLIGHTING, HEATING, AND VESTILA-Wrench. On the middle bar from which the two said pro2556, 2570, 2573, 2375, 2578, 251, jecting part is fixed a handle formning one handle of the Stampers or pressers having a reciprocating to and fro mo- palms, the opposite one would at once fall forward by its METALS, including apparatus for therjecting parts proceed is placed a sliding block, acted upon 2568, 2607 by another handle screwed through the other projecting MISCELLANEOUS,-2599 part; the last-named handle will, by being turned by the ROADS AND VEHICLES, including rally band or other appliance, cause the before named block to riages, saddlery, and harnes, advance to or recede from the two rollers before named, as SHIPS AND BOATS, including their may be required. The said sliding block carries a tool box, STEAM ENGINES, -2566, 2574, 254, 221 having a cutting tool movable in a slot, and set fast or WARFARE,-2580, 2589 loosened by a set screw. The said tool box has a projecting part in front of the cutting edge of the cutting tool, also another projecting part which fits into a groove or slot situate in the before-named sliding block, and is movable on a pin passed through the same. The tube or bar to be cut less in diameter is placed against the two rollers or recess before named, and the cutting tool is pressed against the opposite side of the bar or tube, and the said projecting part of the tool box in front of the cutting edge of the tool is also pressed against the bar or tube to be cut by means of the handle before named, when, by turning the wrench round, it cuts the bar or tube to a less diameter, and prepares it for receiving a thread thereon, whereby the process of filing is dispensed with, and the tube or bar where required is screwed in a much less time than in the ordinary way. abandoned.

This invention relates to the novel construction of parts of a certain fire-extinguishing apparatus known as the "Extinctear" (English patent dated July 23, 1862, No. 2096), in which carbonic acid gas is generated, absorbed by water, and the gaseous water employed to extinguish fire. In the apparatus as hitherto constructed the inner tube is closed by a cork or plug, which is forced out when required by a screw attached to a ramrod passed down the said tube. By the improved method of construction certain objections are obviated. The cork for closing the tabe and the ramrod for removing the said cork are dispensed with. A colander or

2558 D. H. SAUL and H. P. ARMSTRONG. Improvements
in means or apparatus employed in carburetting gas. Dated
October 4, 1866.
The patentees claim, first, the mode of separating the
main body of the carburetting liquid in one chamber from
that in which the wicks are immersed in another chamber,
and regulating the supply of such carburetting liquid to
such second chamber by a valve carried by a float supported
by the liquid in the lower chamber, substantially as de-
scribed. Secondly, the mode of causing the gas to pass
through suitable wicks, the lower ends of which are im-
mersed in the carburetting liquid, and the upper ends
saturated with such liquid by capillary attraction, sub-
stantially as described. Patent completed.

2559 J. H. JOHNSON. Improvements in grate bars.
(A communication.) Dated October 4, 1866.
This invention relates to an improvement in that class
of grate bars which consists of a number or group of ribs
cast together with spaces between the ribs; and the
improved grate bar consists of a deep and shallow
rib or ribs combined in one casting, substantially as de-
scribed, so that the bar may be more easily moulded and
cast, may afford a better circulation of air between the ribs,
may be less liable to be choked with cinders and slag, and
be lighter and, consequently, more economical than ordi-
nary grate bars having a number of ribs of uniform depth.
Patent completed.

2560 G. UNDERWOOD. Improvements applicable to boil-
ing, steaming, and cooking apparatus. Dated October 4,

1866.

This invention relates to certain improvements applicable to apparatus for boiling, steaming, and cooking, the object

2566 J. O. CHAPMAN. Improvements in steam engine?, part of which invention is also applicable to fixing eccen trics, cams, or pulleys on to the shafts of other machinery.

Dated October 5, 1866.

This invention is designed principally as a substitute for the "link" motion or other equivalent device in locomotive and other double cylinder steam engines, the object of the said invention being to enable the position of the eccentrics upon the crank shaft to be reversed or otherwise changed at any time, whilst the engine is running or stationary, without in any way preventing or interfering with the expansive working of the steam. The patentee claims the novel method of and apparatus for reversing or otherwise changing the position of the eccentrics upon the crank shafts of steam engines, substantially as described and shown in the draw. ings; and, secondly, the method shown and described of fixing a collar, eccentric, cam, or pulley upon a shaft without dismounting the same as applied to machinery in Patent completed. general, substantially as described.

2567 F. H. SCHRODER. Improvements in incubators or apparatus for hatching eggs, and in other heating apparatus, and in cooking and drying apparatus. Dated Octo

ber 5, 1866.

This invention refers principally toincubators, and its main objects are to control the internal and external temperature, and communicate the required beat and missiler off eating

In applying the invention to incubators, a boiler or apparatus is connected by a pipe for the passage of heated direct with fire. water, and also by a return pipe with an apparatus in which

The process of lowering the frame as the upper as well as the lower part of the tube being per- water to the cooking apparatus, which, instead of being on acting on account of the required det forated with small holes. When the said tube is filled with the fire or hot plate, is set on a stand or otherwise arfloating chambers, so that the frame me the apparatus, the combination of the said chemicals w th❘ abandoned.

once to the vessel which has to be raised a

those held in solution by the water is effected gradually and
The gas is evolved
formed; the sudden shock to the outer casing of the said

2561 W. E. NEWTON. An improved mode of forming

collars on metallic axles and other articles. (A communi

is made secure by a cramp being plased gently through these perforations.
Under the second hear of this is slowly and regularly; the prepared water takes it up as it is cation.) Dated October 4, 1866.
ments is now made a pont ontper and apparatus is entirely obviated; and the object desired, viz.,

the thorough ab orption by the fluid of the carbonic acid
gas, is more effectually obtained. Patent abandoned.
2554 G. E. SEABLE. Improvements in earrings. Dated
October 4, 1866.

valves, by which, being opened, water is kitö pontoon sunk to any depth required. ha cond part of the intention to rais of water the pontoons are brought red water pumped out so that the vessel is spec the water, being held by the port whilst additional support is given by staf on the upper part of the pontoon. Pat 2548 W. R. LAKE. Improvem cutting files and rasps. (A communicat. Î ber 3, 1866. In general terms this invention my bat first, in the means by which a posi pointed cutters, is given sidevise

These improvements have for their object, principally, the attaching of the earrings to the ear without the necessity for piercing the ear. That part of the earring by which the earring is attached to the ear consists of two curved pieces of wire, having at their upper ends small discs, which, when the earring is in use, press respectively on the opposite sides of the lobe of the ear. One of the said pieces of wire is fixed to the ornamental top or body of the earring, and the other is attached to the said top or body by means of a hinge joint. A screw passing through the top or body bears against the lower part of the movable or back wire, and by driving home the said screw the end of the movable or back wire may be pressed towards the end of the fixed wire, and the lobe of the ear grasped be. tween the discs ou the ends of the wires with the requisite degree of force. The earring is thereby securely fixed to the ear. Patent completed.

2555 G. P. DODGE. An improved mode of and apparatus for folding and shaping belts or bands of india-rubber. Dated October 4, 1866.

This invention consists, chiefly, in the peculiar mode of folding and shaping the said band, and in the use of a moulder or former, with other apparatus in their manufacture. Patent completed.

2549 W. R. LAKE. Improvements in fest nery. (A communication) Dated Or In cutting from the narrow to the of a file blank, or vice versa, it is DA vary the force of the blow of the c width of the blank, as is well unders to variably space the teeth, so that the sh apart where the file is widest, and sha A distance apart, according to the . and this invention consists, prin force of the cutting blow and the crac of the blank relatively to each other placed on the same shaft, when this JA the same device to operate the mechanism controlling the blow manner of effecting the feed of the pieted.

50L H. WRENCH. Apparatus

objects to any

2556 J. A. Correy. Improved mechanical contrivances
applicable to siphons. Dated October 4, 1866.
This invention relates to drawing off liquors from reser-
voirs, tanks, and receptacles for water or liquids, whether
on the same level as or elevated above or situated beneath
the point of required discharge, and is particularly appli.
cable to all kinds of siphons, whether used for hot liquids,
acids, or otherwise. For the above purposes the patentee
makes use of a flexible tube (valcanised india-rubber for

This invention consists in grasping the rod between two
set of dies or jaws, and by the application of power to one
or both sets to upset the metal between the two sets of dies
or jaws until the metal is spread out to the required dia-
meter. The dies or jaws are placed at such distance apart
when caused to grasp the bar or rod as to leave the requi-
site mass of metal between the two, so as to form the re-
quired size of collar when upset. The invention also con
sists in giving the required form to the collars in the act of
upsetting the metal by making the inner faces of the two
sets of dies or jaws of a form the reverse of the intended
form of the collars to be produced, so that in the act of
upsetting the metal it shall be forced into the cavities of
the dies and be therein moulded to the form required.
Patent completed.

2562 J. FERRABEE. Improved machinery for preparing
wool and other fibrous substances. Dated October 4, 1866.
The objects of this invention are to get more uniform bats
of wool or other fibrous subs ances than hitherto, to present the
fibre in the best manner to the action of the carding en-
gine, and to allow of the preparing machines being ar-
ranged side by side or parallel to each other in place of
being arranged as heretofore at right angles. These ad-
vantages the patentee obtains by delivering the thin fleece
obtained from the doffer of the first carder on to a cross
apron (by means of a reciprocating apron) ia laps to form
a bat, say 9in. wide, then by means of a second reciprocat-
ing apron he transfers this narrow bat to the ordinary feed
apron of a second carder (running parallel with the firs
reciprocating aproo), laying the bat in zig zag layers on
the feed apron, and thereby forming a continuous bat of
the width of the card cylinder to which it is fed.
this cylinder the fibrous material is doffed and may be de-
livered by the aid of a reciprocating apron on to a cross
apron, and the ice by another reciprocating apron as before
explained, on to the feed apron of the finishing carder.
the reciprocating apron that receives the fleece from the
doffer may transfer it to an apron travelling slowly beneath
A bat will thus be formed
it and in the like direction.

is a cistern or vessel for holding hot water, and which apparatus the inventor generally makes circular, such being the best form. This vessel surmounts and overhangs or overlaps drawers or other compartments or chambers for holding the eggs, and which chambers or drawers are filled to a required height with chaff or other suitable material, and they have perforated bottoms under which is a drawer or chamber for water, which is usually slightly warmed, The drawers or chambers for the eggs are also provided with ventilators which communicate with an air shaft or pipe. Above the hot cistern may be a perforated covering or frame, and a test pipe may be added to ascertain the degree of heat. Curtains or screens are suspended or fitted round or about the apparatus to exclude or regulate light and draught. The products of evaporation of the cooler water rise through the bottoms of the egg drawers. He prefers to make the bottom of the hot-water cistern of plate glass. The apparatus is separate from the boiler or apparatus for heating the water, that is to say, it is only connected with it by the pipes for the inlet and return; or the circulation of heated water through other ties or connections may be used. A "nurse" or chamber for the chicks may also be connected by circulation pipes with the boiler or heater. It contains wool, or other soft material, and is surrounded by a jacket or casing into which the pipes lead. Patent abandoned.

2568 W. G. VALENTIN and G. H. BENSON. Improvements in the manufacture of steel. Dated October 5, 1866.

The patentees claim the use of ferro or ferricyanide of manganese either by themselves cr together with hematite or spathose or other pure irons in lieu of spiegeleisen for the purpose of re-carbonising the Bessemer iron. Patent completed.

2569 J. BADCOCK. Improvements in the manufacture of ornaments for the wrist. Dated October 5, 1866.

For these purposes an craamental metal baud is formed in such manner as to be used in combination with a cuff or wr.s band of linen or other fabric, and so that the metal band may, when in use, be fixed to and form part with the wristband or cuff, so teas when the cuff or waistband is unfastened and removed from the wrist the ornamental metal band comes away with it. Patent abandoned.

2570 H. GARSIDE. Improvements in machinery or appa

ratus for marking, etching, or engraving on cylindrical and other surfaces. Dated October 6, 1866.

The second

from the wick tube and from the space around it caused by
the combustion of the vapour as it rises to the point of
ignition between the central and outer tubes.
part of the invention relates to the preparation of a com-
pound volatile oil or spirit. Patent abandoned.

2576 J. BURGESS.

in the handles of crochet needles. Dated October 6, 1866.
Improvements in crochet needles, an
This invention consists, first, in applying to cylindrical
hollow handles of crochet needles, short hooks or needles
fixes the said non-metallic short hooks in the ends of the
made of bone, ivory, glass, ebonite, or wood. The inventor
said handles by means of a nozzle piece or cap and cement,
consists, secondly, in making the said handles of a conical
or by riveting or otherwise fastening them. The invention
or taper tube, the said tube being flat or oval in cross sec-
tion. The said handle is widest at bottom, and gradually
affixed. Patent abandoned.
tapers to the top or end at which the hook or needle is

2577 S. LEATHER. Improvements in the manufacture of
certain articles of dress or wearing apparel, such as coats,
trousers, vests, jackets, mantles, cloaks, shirts, drawers,
and similar articles. Dated October 6, 1866.

These improvements relate, first, to machines of that class described under the second head of the specification of a patent granted to the present inventor, and dated August 16, 1862 (No. 2307), where the roller or surface to be operated upon receives motion alone, the instruments performing the etching or engraving operation being stationary, except that they are capable of being moved to and from the surface to be acted upon. The object of the present improvements is to dispense, in certain cases, with the operation for enlarging the design to be etched or engraved upon the roller or the surface, which operation is necessary in the machines hitherto used where a pentagraphic arrangement is employed in tracing from a design plate, and the invention consists in disposing and joining an arm directly with the table or frame camping, and giving movement to the roller or other surface to be etched or engraved, the said arm being adjustable, and holding the tracer in its end. Secondly, the invention relates to machines hereinhefore referred to as described under the second head of the specification of the aforesaid patent, the object of which is to modify the mechanism of the said machine, so that while the movements given to the table acting as a right In carrying out this invention the inventor manufactures angle to the axis of the roller or other surface are direct, the process of weaving the fabric or cloth of which they or produces these articles to a considerable extent during those movements which are given in the direc ion of the axis of the roller may be reversed, when required, by the are made. For this purpose he employs ordinary jacquard design to be engraved or etched; and it consists in employ-apparatus to work the harness for forming the shed or ing two tables or frames for the movement in the direction she is, the cards of which he so arranges as to operate on of the axis of the roller or surface to be etched or engraved, the warp to weave "double cloth" or two fabrics, one arranged side by side, or one over the other; and when the over the other at the same time (which is not new); and he movements are to be reversed, the pentagraphic mechanism, also so arranges the carls as that certain parts of the warp or the arm used according to the first part of the present inor the threads thereof are operated to produce single cloth vention, is connected with the lower or supplementary only, whilst the other pars are double cloth; thus the two table or frame, and the movements of this table or frame fabrics are joined together at certain intervals in the process of weaving, instead of sewing them together. He theremeans of pulleys and bands, or by levers, the axis of the pulleys or the fulcrum of the levers being fixed upon the the threads of the warp according to the pattern or shape lowest table or frame moving at a right angle to the axis of of the article to be manufactured in a similar manner to the roller. Or when the two tables or frames are one over ordinary pattera weaving, so as to fasten the two fabrics the other, so that the supplementary table or frame is together by weaving at the precise places where the seam between the lowest and the highest table or frame, then the would be in the article when produced by the ordinary movements are reversed by placing "centres" in the rollers mode of sewing or stitching them together. Patent abansupporting the upper table, and thus by connecting the doned. parts having the centres with the lowest frame, the axis of the supporting rollers will be kept stationary, while they are allowed to rotate freely by the movements of the tables. Thirdly, the improvements relate to a machine for etching or engraving, which is intended more particularly to operate upon rollers of large diameter. Patent abandoned. 2571 G. GORDON. An improved system or process of treating animal charcoal used in the purifisition of sugar, and also improved apparatus to be employed in such pro. cess. Dated October 5, 1866. We cannot here give space to the voluminous details of this invention. Patent abandoned.

use of a reservoir of any convenient size and shape, and so formed as to contain a certain specified quantity of liquid. Into this reservoir he conducts the main pipe trom which the supply is obtained. At the mouths of the inlet and outlet passages he places a slide or valve in such a way that it covers both the inlet and outlet passages. When it is wished to fill the reservoir the slide or valve is mored so as to uncover the inlet passage, still keeping the outlet closed. When the reservoir is filled a further motion of the slide closes the inlet passage and opens the outlet passage, which communicates with the ordinary tap. The lever or handle by which the slide or valve is moved is c30nected with an ordinary index or register, graduated valve, so constructed that while it permits of the admission as wished. At the top of the reservoir he places a small and emission of air it prevents the escape of the water. Patent completed.

2582 J. H. ROBERTS. A new or improved fastening for windows and other places. Dated October 8, 1866. This invention is performed as follows:-Upon one sash, slot in which a button or stud is free to move backward say the outer, the patentee secures a plate formed with a and forwards. Upon the other sash he secures another plate being capable of moving so as to come upon the firstplate, which has a third plate hinged thereto, the hinged named plate. This hinged plate is likewise formed with a slot corresponding to the first-named slot, and terminating at one end in a circular or enlarged aperture, corresponding to the button or stud. To secure the fastening it is necessary to bring the hinged plate on the inner sash upon the plate on the outer sash, so that the button enters the circular or enlarged aperture, and then to push the button along the slots. To release the fastening the reverse movements have to be made. The slots in the plates may be formed in any direction desired. Sometimes the patentee convenience of moving it. Patent completed.

are reversed and transmitted to the other table or frame by fore arranges the cards of the jacquard apparatus to operate forms a thumb piece or projection on the hinged plate for

2572 W. DENNIS. Improvements in the construction of bottles intended to contain malt liquors and other liquids, and in the mode of stoppering, unstoppering, and drawing of the contents thereof. Dated October 6, 1866. We cannot here devote space to the voluminous details of this invention. Patent abandoned.

2373 W. E. HICKLING Improved machinery or apparatus for washing bottles, and tool for unstoppering the same. Dated October 6, 1866.

This invention consists in attaching to a suitable framing various mechanical appliances for holding and giving motion to the bottles when the apparatus is set to work, the result being that an undulating reciprocating motion combined with a rotary motion is produced. Patent completed. 2574 S. DEACON. Improvements in the construction of certain parts of oscillating steam engines. Dated October 6, 1866.

This invention consists in alapting a combined steam chest and valve to the cylinders of oscillating steam engines, whereby all steam connections with the trunnions of the cylinders are dispensed with. The following is an example of the means by which the above object may be accomplished:-There is a raised face near each end of the eylinders with a steam port formed in the centre of each. The steam chest is a fixed hollow box, with a partition therein, so that one-half of the said chest communicates with the exhaust, and the other half with the steam pipe leading from the boiler; the said chest is formed with steam and exhaust ports at top and bottom of the faces of the said chest, corresponding with the ports in the before. mentioned raised faces upon the cylinder; one of the trunnions of the cylinder passes through the said steam chest so that, as the cylinder oscillates, the ports in the faces thereof will be brought opposite to the steam or the exhaust Sports in the steam chest, according to the position of the piston in the cylinder-that is to say, when the piston is at the bottom of the cylinder, the steam port at the top of the cylinder will be opposite to the exhaust port in the steam chest, and vice versa, when the piston is at the top of the cylinder. And for varying the cutting off of the steam, the patentee proposes to employ a loose plate placed between the cylinder and the steam chest, which may be worked by an eccentric or other suitable means. The faces of the steam chest and cylinder may be kept in close contact by set screws passed through the framing of the engiae. Patent completed.

1866.

2578 W. CLARK.
and cars for mining purposes.
Improvements in hoisting apparatus
(A communication.) Dated
October 6, 1866.
This invention consists in the arrangement of a bucket
or car elevator for raising ore, coal, water, or the debritus
of mines in connection with guide wheels and rods operated
by means of a hoisting rope or chain working on a drum
or windlass by horse or steam power, in the ordinary way
for raising and lowering the bucket or car, so that it shall
be steadily supported and discharged by the deflection of
the guide wheels from their normal line of travel on to
inclined ways, the axis of the guide wheels forming a
transverse line of support upon which the bucket or car is
it is raised by a levar bail attached to the lower end.
canted or "tipped" over for the discharge of its load, as
By
this arrangement no additional power is required to upset
and empty the bucket or car containing ore or coal into the
shoot at the mouth of the mine, as in ordinary methods
of attachment, in which the bucket is suspended at a point
between its upper and its lower end and tipped over by one
obstacle which arrests its motion; as, for instance, upset-
ting it by grasping and holding the rim with the hands.
Any ob tacle place i in the way of the bucket to tip it over
increases the resistance at that point, suddenly producing
a shock and strain on the power which should be avoided,
as the power in that case must necessarily be sufficient to
overcome the greatest resistance in addition to that em-
ployed in the operation of hoisting. The present arrange-
ments permit the bucket or car to be loaded with coal or
ore, or discharged at various points in the shaft of a mine,
so as to be used for a number of drifts or levels at different
depths, and also to discharge water into an adit or shoot
for carrying it off. Another branch or part of these im-
provements in mining apparatus consists in the arrange-
ment of a car, the doors at the ends of which are so con-
structed and connected with the body of the car that it
shall be capable of being converted readily into a closed
car for containing ore or coal, or an open car for carrying
timber lying lengthwise on the bottom; and a's, the plan
of securing the doors in place for containing ore or coal,
and tripping the door fastening for discharging the car.
Patent completed.

2579 W. OLARK. Improvements in fastenings for purses,
eigur cases, travelling bags, and other similar articles.
(A communication.) Dated October 6, 1866.

munication.) Dated October 8, 1866.
2583 W. E. GEDGE. An improved tilt hammer. (A com.

The tilt hammer, the subject of this invention, differs from other tilt hammers in several points. First, in the invariable weight of the hammer; second, in the varia tion of speed by means of a single pulley; third, in an absorption of mɔtiva power one half less; fourth, in that its dimensions ar more restricted and its cost price less The machine is composed of a cast-iron framing, provided with two brackets or pedestals cast with it, and alsɔ with two slots or slides. This framing is fixed at its lower part on a wooden fram› resting on a layer of concrete (beton), the thickness of which will be regulated by the nature of the ground. Between these two pedestals works a cam shaft moved by a pulley which itself receives its movements from any sort of motor; a fly is also fixed on this shaft. The hammer is a piece of iron hollowed out in the middle in part of its length, so as to give passage to the cam, and furnished on each side with slide bars intended to work be tween the slots of the framing. In a cast-iron cylinder fixed at its upper part, and placed above the hammer, is inserted a wooden plug intended to receive the shock of the hammer in its ascending movement, Above this plug are arranged four indiarubber washers, between which copper discs are inserted to prevent the washers adhering together. The discs carry in their middle and on their horizontal surface a circular rib, which takes the washers to and keeps them concentric to the cylinder. These discs are adjusted so as to play in a rod fixed at its upper part in a hole pierced following the axis of a screw which serves as a guide to it. A nu placed at the upper part of the cylinder is held to it by means of a washer taking into a groɔve made in this nut. A toothed wheel is fixed on this same nus, and is set in motion by a pinion fixed to the rod of a c ank. In order to permit variation of the tension of the driving bolt a lever is used terminated at its upper part by a roller, which comes pressing against the belt, and thus gives it the desired teasion. A catch comes busting against a ratchet fixed to the framing, and thus kaps the levar, and consequently the tension of the belt, in an invariable position waen oaca fixed. Patent abandoned.

2594 M. STAR. Improvements applicable to caps and
use.
other coverings for the head for naval, military, and jeneral
Dated October 8, 1863.

this invention. Patent abandoned.
We cannot here dev te space to the volumia ɔas data:ls of

2585 G. HASELTINE. Improvements in the manufacture of leather binding. (A com naзication.) Datei October 8, 1866.

This invention consists in forming a leather binding of This fastening consists of a rotating stul acting on a considerable length by joining the ends of short pieces cut from skins by scarfing and cementing together the said ends bolt fixed to one of the frames of the article, which bolt is caused to engage in the catch on the other frame, in order joining, by which reduction alone a necessary and perfect when reduced to a uniform width and thickness after such to fasten the bag or other article, and is withdrawn there-equality of cro33 section is secured every where throughout ing is much more secure than those at present in use, from for the purpose of opening it. This rotating fasten- the length of the binding. Patent completed. Patent completed. which are liable to open to pressure when in the pocket.

2586 J. ROBERTSON. Improvements in furnaces or fireplaces, and in the firebars to be used therein. Dated Octo

2580 J. VON DER POPPENBURG. Improvements in bresch-ber 8, 1886.
loading firearms, and in cartridges for breechloading fire-
arms. Dated October 6, 1866.

The patentee claims as bis invention of improvements in
breech loading firearms in which the breech end is opened
2575 E. LICHTENSTADT. Improvements in the arrange-hinged to the breech end of the barrel, first, working the
for charging and closed for discharge by means of a block
ment and construction of lamps for burning volatile oils or sliding bolt by which the hinged block is fastened in
spirits, and in the preparation of the materials for burning its place by means of a rack and pinion, as described.
in such lamps. (A communication.)
Dated October 6, Second, the construction and arrangement of the spring
bolt or stud and handle by which the sliding bolt is
One of these improvements in lamps consists in filling worked, for the purpose of preventing the desceut of the
the oil vessel or reservoir with sponge, cotton, wool, or other cock or hammer, and the accidental discharge of the gun
suitable absorbent material, a space or recess being left
immediately below the burner by preference formed by in- scribed.
while the hinged block is unfastened, substantially as de-
serting a cylinder of wire gauze or perforated metal or ma-
Third, making in the front or hinged end of the
terial, into which the wick descends, and becomes charged receiving and retaining the cylindrical metallic end or
breech block a chamber or recess for the purpose of
by contact with the volatile oil or spirit contained in the
saturated sponge or other absorbent material at the bottom
cap of the cartridge, as described. Fourth, fixing the
of the perforated wick chamber. The mouth of the oil ump to which the breech block is hinged partly by screw-
ing and partly by soft soldering, as described. Lastly,
cartridges, without a rim or flauge, as described and illud
making the metal cap or base of ordinary self-ignition
trated in the drawings; also combining with the metal
cap or base of self-ignition cartridges a case or tube made
projectile of the cartridge, as described. Patent completed.
of linen or other fabric for containing the gunpowder and
2581 A. RIPLEY. Improvements in the construction of
water meters, which improvements are also applicable to
the measuring of liquids generally. Dated October 8, 1866.
For the purposes of this invention the patentee makes

vessel is closed a screw cap or other suitable cover or stopper, to which the combined wick tube or holder and burner is attached. The wick tube is fixed or otherwise arranged centrally within another tube of about equal height, by preference fixed to the cap or cover of the oil vessel, and so arranged as to form a narrow space around the wick tube communicating with the interior of the oil vessel. The wick (or wicks) saturated with the oil or spirit is drawn loosely into the wick tube by preference, so as not to project above the top, and on the application of a light a bright and steady flame free from smoke will burn

This invention relates to furnaces or fireplaces and firebars, and has for its object the consumption of the smoke and gases arising from the fuel; also the protection or preservation of the firebars. In carrying out one portion fireclay or iron, having perforations through it, and placed of the invention, the patentee employs a plate or slab of at the back of or on the fire bars, and resting on firebricks at both ends. This plate extends across the whole width of the furnace, and is open at the bottom to admit air from the ashpit, or from a tube extending from the front of the ashpit to the back of it. A series of tubes of fireclay or iron is made to fit into the perforations in the plate, such tubes being open at the bottom to admit the air passing through the perforated plate. The tops of these tubes extend to or near to the bottom of the boiler, and they are also provided with small perforations in the sides towards the flue from the top to the bottom for the air to pass through them in that direction, so as not to obstruct, bat rather to assist, or increase, the draught. The action of consequently, heats the air passing through the small perthe fire on these tubes heats them to a high degree, and, forations in them, and as none of the smoke or gases can pass away up the flue without coming into contact with the divided currents of highly heated air from the tubes, the consumption of smoke and other inflammable gaseous products of combustion is effected. The action of the cold air inside the tubes preserves them from being burned, and after the smoke or other gases are consumed, the hot air from the small perforations will assist in keeping up the steam. Patent completed.

H

MAY 3

use of a reservoir of any convenient -f formed as to contain a certain apeid ge Into this reservoir he conducts the the supply is obtained. At the m outlet passages he places a slide that it covers both the inlet and oute 18 wished to fill the reservoir the side as to uncover the inlet pamage, closed. When the reservoir is filed of the slide closes the inlet passage passage, which communicates with the lever or handle by which the side or al nected with an ordinary inder or as wished. At the top of the reserver valve, so constructed that while it pernah and emision of arit prevents the su Patent completed.

2582 J. H. ROBERTS. A new or in windows and other places. Dated Oak

This invention is performed as fallensay the outer, the patentee sacs & J slot in which a button or stad fre and forwards. Upon the other mal de lec plate, which has a third plate hinged s plate being capable of moving so as to named plate. This hinged plate in slot corresponding to the first nameida, nis at one end in a circular or enlarged re ing to the batton or stad. To necessary to bring the hinged plates the the plate on the outer sash, so that the i circular or enlarged aperture, and the pa along the slots. To release the faste ments have to be made. The shian formed in any direction dared Sasar forms a thumb piece or projection on the hap convenience of moving it. Patest compi

2583 W. E. GEDGE. As improved tim munication.) Dated October 8, 19

The tilt hammer, the subjets of this ivan from other tilt hammers in several pana in invariable weight of the hammit; sicut 11 tion of speed by means of a single pain, 2 absorption of motive power one half is, the its dimensions ar more restricted sol na one The machine is composed of a cat-in baş with two brackets or pedestals cast i twɔ slots of slides. This framing is fra on a wooden fram› resting on a layer of mus the thickness of which will be regulated the ground. Between the two padesi shaft moved by a palley which itself t from any sort of motor; a fly is als insi The hammer is a piece of iron holowal in part of its length, so as to give passage in a furnished on each side with while bars tween the slots of the framing. In a so fixed at its apper part, and placed above the tun serted a wooden plug intended to HIRE hammer in its ascending movement, Aes arranged four indiarabber washers, beven a discs are inserted to prevent the washes abes The discs carry in their middle and on th face a circalar rib, which takes the wakes i them concentric to the cylinder. The dat so as to play is a rod ficed at its upper part zut following the axis of a screw which sea A nus placed at the upper part of the cinis s by means of a washer taking into a g A touched wheel is fixed on this same motion by a pinion fixed to the red of atm permit variation of the tension of the dengt is used terminated at its upper part by a TAR pressing against the belt, and thus gran sion. A catch eɔmes buiting against a patch o framing, ani thas keeps to lear, and cial tension of the belt, in an invariable pawa Patent abandoned. fixed

2534 M. STAR. Improvements applica other coverings for the head for anal, kang in 169e. Datei October 8, 1863. We cannot here device to the this invention. Patent abandonii 2585 G HASELTing. Improvemente of leather binding. (A comnian) de 8, 1865.

This invention consists in forming a considerable length by jo ning the end of from skins by scarfing and comeating when reduced to a uniform width and dejoining, by which reduction alone & ex VAT A equality of cross section is secured? the length of the binding. Patent

2586 J. ROBERTSON. Improv places, and in the Arebars to be wed the› ber 8, 1866.

MAY 3, 1867

THE MECHANICS' MAGAZINE.

2587 J. H. JOHNSON. An improved mode of treating stole bread and biscuits with a view to restoring their freshness. (A communication.) Dated October 8, 1866.

This invention consists in subjecting stale bread and

cuits to the action of steam. Patent abandoned.

with both parts of the elongated wheel at the same time when passing over the space or spaces between the ends. Another part of the invention consists in communicating bis-motion from the elongated wheel described in the former patent above referred to, or the improved elongated wheel above described, by means of an intermediate wheel gearing into a spur wheel, on the axle of which is a bevel wheel gearing direct into a mitre or bevel wheel on the tin drum shaft, thereby greatly simplifying the gearing, and reducing the cost of production. Patent completed.

2588 B. O. NEWELL. Improvements in pianofortes.
Dated October 8, 1866.
This invention relates, first, to the application of an im-
proved bearing or bearings for the strings of a piano, where-
by the tone of the instrument is much improved, and con-
sists in the application of mother-of-pearl to the belly-
bridge throughout the surface on which the strings rest,
which may be in the form of a veneer or other suitable
thickness glued or otherwise secured to the wood of the
bridge. A further improvement consists in applying
pressure on the strings of an instrument between the belly
bridge, and the string plate or bent side, as also between
the wrest plank bridge, and the tuning pins, in order to
stop the vibration of the strings at those points. Patent
abandoned.

2589 W. CLARK. Improvements in central-fire percus-
sion cartridges. (A communication.) Dated October 8,
1866.

This invention is not described apart from the drawings.
Patent completed.

2590 W. E. NEWTON. Improvements in atmospheric
engines. (A communication.) Dated October 8, 1866.

This invention consists, first, in heating the air for an air engine within the generator by combustion produced from some liquid material contained in the generator, or

in

2597 J. MONNIN, O. Bosc, and C. A. BOISSENOT. Im provements in carriage indicators, stating the distance travelled, the time when they have been hired or not, and if they are hired or not. Dated October 9, 1866.

The patentees claim, first, the employment of and appli-
cation to vehicles of large jointed backs, capable of being
placed to prevent admission into the interior, and of being
readjusted to admit of admission, substantially as de-
scribed. Second, fitting the back with appliances to pre-
vent its being used as a seat, except when in its correct
position, substantially as described. Third, the method or
methods of transmitting motion from the back to the in-
dicators for registering the time the vehicle is let, as well
as the time it is empty, all as described. Fourth, the me-
thod or methods of utilising the motion of the back in
order to cause an indicator outside to show whether the
vehicle is full or empty, as described. Patent completed.
2598 H. FORBES. Improvements in apparatus for the
raising and propelling of water or other fluids. Dated
October 9, 1866.

This invention is not described apart from the drawings.
Patent completed.

2599 W. E. GEDGE.

nication.) Dated October 9, 1866.
An improved funnel. (A commu-

a closed chamber connected with or made
a part of the generator. Second, in alternately creating
and extinguishing combustion in the generator by introduc-
ing therein a combustible material to be ignited as it is in-
troduced and thus expand the air to exert the force re-
This funnel may be made of any sort of metal, or of
quired. Third, in simultaneously expelling the air which wood, according to its destined use; it is furnished with a
has been deprived of its oxygen from and introducing fresh conical metal socket, encased in a sheath of indiarubber or
air into the generator by a a revolving plate that vibrates hide, in order that it may closely fit to the sides of the ori-
back and forth alternately around the internal diameter of fice of the vase or vessel to be filled. Within this socket is
the generator. Fourth, in the use of an igniting tube and
fitted a pipe for the escape of the air driven out by the in-
plunger or piston that shall automatically create combus-
troduction of the liquid; this pipe is provided with a
tion within the generator or the closed chamber at the mo-
whistle placed at the top of the socket, which whistle gives
ment required for the concentration of the movements of the
notice that the vessel is full by ceasing its noise when the
engine. Fifth, in the combinations of the mechanisms (ne-liquid closes the air escape. On the opposite side is a
cessary to effect the results proposed) to introduce the com-
second movable pipe, rising towards the top of the funnel,
bustible material in the closed chamber into the generator which fills the office of a cock, as, by turning it upside
and then to ignite it to produce the combustion required. down, the surplus liquid may be carried away without the
Patent completed.
loss of a single drop. Patent completed.

2591 W. E. NEWTON Improvements in steam engines. (A communication.) Dated October 8, 1866.

This invention relates to that kind of steam engine in which the steam is used expansively, that is, after it has exerted its force in a small cylinder, it is ad

2600 W. E. GEDGE. Improvements in the cutting out of boots, shoes, and gaiters of all kinds. (A communication.) Dated October 9, 1866.

283

contracting combs, and the mode of fitting such spoons or tumblers to the combs, all as described. Patent completed. 2604 C. PERRY. An improved machine for flattening hackle pins or comb teeth employed in machines for combing wool or other fibrous substances. Dated October 9, 1866.

This machine consists of a lever mounted (by preference) intermediately betwixt its ends on a shaft or pivots sup ported on suitable framing, one end carrying a swage or hammer, and the other a friction roller to rest upon and be operated by an eccentric or a cam fixed upon a rotary shafts Another swage which is also supported on the framing. or anvil is fixed on the framing in suitable position for the lever swage to act upon or against. The friction roller is capable of adjustment, so as to regulate the distance of or from meeting of the swages, according to the thickness the pins are required to be made. By this invention such pins or teeth are pressed flat instead of being required. Patent abandoned.

2605 T. VICARS, sen., T. VICARS, jun., and J. SMITH. Improvements in and applicable to that class of furnace firegrates on which the fuel is made to travel, Dated October 9, 1866.

Those furnace fire grates the fuel-bearing surfaces or bars of which travel in one direction, or have an intermittent or other motion of such a character as shall cause the fuel thereon to travel towards the end of the furnace, the inventors form or construct with one or more hollow pieces or tubes to convey air-say, through the door of the furnace-into and amongst the fuel. Or they apply or connect to the fuel-bearing surfaces or bars, a tube or tubes, and thereby convey air into the furnace, and deliver it amongst the burning fuel. The said hollow pieces or tubes may be perforated, or have openings formed therein, so as to dis. tribute the air over a larger surface. Puteat abandoned.

2606 G. W. SHINNER. Improvements in the means of and apparatus for utilising "sewage matters and liquid** Dated October 9, 1866.

mitted into another and larger cylinder, in which pasteboard patterns around which the cutter traces in chalk building, and by winch gearing. These outer tanks or

it expands still further, and by its elastic force
works a piston therein. The invention consists in placing
the two cylinders one within the other, and leaving an an-
nular space between them to admit super-heated steam
or hot gases, whereby the steam in the cylinders may be
heated and caused to expand as much as possible. A bell
shaped chamber is also placed on the top of the cylinders
and as this is surrounded by an envelope or causing into
which steam or hot gases may be admitted, it will be un-
derstood that the working steam from the cylinders may be
heated to a very considerable temperature. Patent com-
pleted.

or

2592 G., G. W., and J. BETJEMANN. Improvements in
the manufacture of articles commonly called " writing
"library sets," and other similar articles. Dated October
8, 1866.

Provisional protection has not been granted for this in-
vention.

2593 G. T. BOUSFIELD. Improvements in separating
sulphur from soda waste. (A communication.) Dated
October 8, 1866.
The patentee claims, first, the peculiar treatment of
soda waste in order to facilitate its oxidation, and the
formation of soluble sulphuretted calcium compounds.
Second, the manner of obtaining with the prepared soda
waste the most useful yellow sulphuretted liquors. Third,
the treatment of this yellow liquor with acids, or solution
of acid salts of iron and manganese, in order to obtain
either sulphur or a mixture of sulphur and sulphides of iron
and manganese. Fourth, the preparation of pure sulphide
of manganese mixed with sulphur, yielding after roasting
(either with or without nitrate of soda) pure oxide or mix.
ture of oxide and sulphate of manganese peculiarly adapted
for the manufacture of glass. Patent completed.
2594 G. T. BOUSFIELD. Improvements in brick-making
machines. (A communication.) Dated October 8, 1866.
This invention is not described apart from the drawings.

Patent abandoned.

2595 J. GREENING. Improvements in folding fencing.
Dated October 9, 1866.
The patentee claims constructing portable folding fencing
of metallic wires or rods and tubing, by preference of gal.
vanised iron wire and tubing, substantially as described.
Patent completed.

2596 J. W. BAKER: Improvements in machinery or
apparatus for spinning cotton and other fibrous materials.
Dated October 9, 1866.

In carrying out this invention the patentees form a tubular branch or branches with the main sewer, in order to convey the sewage matters and liquids to a suitable building in which the apparatus for utilising the same is to he arranged. Such branch or branches before entering the building are passed through a reservoir for the purpose of discharging the contents of the sewer on the occurrence of a storm or heavy fall of rain. This is effected by means of a valve in the branch passing through the reservoir; the branch pipe then enters the building, and is connected to a hinged guiding trough which conducts the sewage over one, two, or more tanks of galvanised iron having movable strainers placed on their surfaces. These tanks are capable of being lifted out of an outer series of fixed tacks by The object of this invention is to replace the paper or means of chains travelling over pulleys in the oof of the on the leather or on the stuff the piece which he is to cut; jackets are surrounded by a low dwarf wall forming four and the invention consists in printing on the stuff itself, or sides of a brick tank, having a cage containing gravel; on the leather, not only the outline of the piece but also the along the top thereof, around the wall, a sunken gutter is lines serving for the make, such as the lines of punch holes. formed 2in. below the level of the dwarf wall, in order to This printing is done by means of blocks in relief. The invention cannot be described without reference to the draw-filter bed through which the liquor percolates, and passes conduct the liquid to a fall, and underneath an upward ings. Patent abandoned. beyond on to a perforated floor through which the liquid 2601 M. MIRFIELD and J. SCOTT. Improvements in ma- | falls to a downward chemical filter bed, and thence to a chinery or apparatus for combing wool or other fibrous sub-leading-off drain. The inner tanks when lifted are passed stances. Dated October 9, 1866. on to a tramway; they are provided with small running wheels, in order to travel on the tramway, whence they are tilted over and discharge their contents into a shallow tank, and there mixed with town sweepings, from which foreign substances have been separated; it is ultimately conveyed to a preparing house and dried and treated as required for use and packed in sacks or barrels. In order to withdraw the sewage from the reservoir, pumps are employed, and the sewage is conveyed to the tanks and filtering apparatus. Patent completed.

2607 T. OUTRAM. Improvements in the manufacture of cast iron. Dated October 9, 1866.

One part of this invention consists in feeding wool or
other fibrous substances in continuous slivers into a porcu-
pine gill head, oscillating comb, or other suitable feeding
instrument, to which motion is given in such manner as to
cause the said slivers to be brought forward and projected
therefrom at suitable intervals of time; and by means of a
brush, comb, or other suitable instrument, one end of the
said sliver is stripped out of the teeth of the porcupine
gill head, comb, or other feeding apparatus, and fed into
or between the jaws of a revolving or oscillating nipper or
nippers, which draw the wool or fibre through the said
teeth, detaching a portion from the sliver, and thereby
This invention has for its object the working of ores and
combing or cleaning one end of each detached tuft.
Another part of the invention consists in the employment other materials containing iron, which, although free for
of an oscillatory transfer comb for detaching tufts from the the most part from injurious impurities, are at present
revolving or oscillating nipper or nippers, and placing the little used, because being in a state of powder or small
noil end thereof through or between a pair of stationary division they cannot be worked advantageously by the
nippers to be cleaned or combed by a porcupine comb ordinary methods. Now according to this invention (which
or other suitable instrument, and at the return stroke the is particularly applicable to the treatment of pyrites which
have been roasted for the manufacture of sulphuric acid and
teeth of the transfer comb are caused to pass through the
ends of the tufts previously cleaned or combed, thereby afterwards crushed and treated for the separation of cop-
giving each tuft a second or additional operation.' Another per) the patentee treats such ore or material by mixing it
with bituminous coal, then causing the mixture to
part of the invention consists in the employment of an
endless travelling apron for conveying the tufts from the agglomerate by coking it in bulk (or without moulding it
ordinary nippers into a gill box, or into a porcupine into blocks or lumps) and smelting the product to obtain
or other suitable apparatus for re-forming the said tufts in- iron. He employs such coal as is suitable for making coke
for smelting iron, containing as little sulphur as may
to a sliver, or into a lap, as may be required. Another
part of the said invention consists in the employment of a be; if large, the coal may advantageously be broken. He
mixes it roughly with the small ore or material in such
revolving or oscillating comb or combs to seize the ends of
head or comb, and to detach the partially-cleaned tuft
the sliver as it is projected from or by the porcupine gill-proportions as will make a hard coke or coke-like substance
suitable for the blast furnace-say, 1 part of ore to 1
taken hold of by the revolving or oscillating nippers,
therefrom, leaving a cleaned fringe on the sliver to be parts of coal, but the proportions will vary according to
the quality of the coal; if very bituminous it will take
more ore. He charges the mixture into a coking oven, and
or other suitable drawing-off apparatus. The tufts taken
causes it to agglomerate by subjecting it to a coking opera-
by the revolving or oscillating comb or combs are taken by
tion. The coking operation is conducted by preference in
the transfer comb previously named, and placed into or be-
the ordinary manner, and in coke ovens such as are com.
tween the jaws of the stationary nippers for the noil end to
The coke or coke-like
be cleaned or combed by a porcupine, or by a comb or other monly used for coking small coal.
suitable apparatus. The cleaned tufts are then deposited substance obtained is afterwards burnt in a smelting fur-
nace (it may be an ordinary blast furnace, such as is com-
on the endless apron along with the tufts detached by the
revolving or oscillating nippers. Patent completed.
monly used in smelting iron ore), and this the iron which
the coke or coke-like substance contains is obtained in a
metallic state. The coke or coke like substance may be
used as part of the burden of a blast furnace, in which
other ore is also being smelted. This will conveniently be
done where other iron ores can easily be obtained, and
where the coal is not sufficiently bituminous to agglomerate
in coking as much of the finely-divided ore or material as
it is capable of smelting. Patent completed.

2602 E. T. HUGHES. Improvements in filtering presses for expressing the liquid parts and retaining the solid parts of any semi-liquid substances. (A communication.) Dated October 9, 1866.

We cannot here give space to the voluminous details of

this invention. Putent abandoned.

2603 J. CONLONG. Improvements in preparing fibrous materials to be spun. Dated October 9, 1866.

This invention consists of certain improvements upon
the machinery for driving the spindles of self-acting and
band mules, for which former letters patent were granted
to the present patentee December 13, 1862 (No. 3336).
In the specification of the said letters patent he described
how the spindles were driven by means of an elongated
toothed spur wheel, the length of which was rather more
than the length of the stretch; this wheel when cast is
inconveniently heavy, thereby increasing the cost, limiting
the speed at which it can be driven, and increasing the
power for driving it. The present invention consists in
making this elongated wheel of two or more parts, and sup- The patentee claims, first, the employment of a con-
porting the axle thereof at about the centre, or at any tinuous series of rollers and shells for drawing cotton, silk,
Intermediate part of its length by a bearing or bearings, flax, wool, and other fibrous materials, and similar rollers
which bearing or bearings will prevent the vibration of the and shells for rippling, breaking, and cleaning cotton and
wheel even when it is driven at a considerably greater flax, and for washing yarns and textile fabrics, and also the
speed than was heretofore practicable; the cost of produc- modes described of using or working such rollers and shells.
tion and the weight are also reduced. When the elongated Secondly, the use in drawing frames and warping mills of
wheels are made in two or more parts, there must be suffi- double acting or equilibrium spoons or balanced levers,
cient space left between the ends for the bracket of the having two points of resistance in opposite directions on
bearing or bearings, consequently, the intermediate wheel each sliver cr end of yarn, in contra-distinction to the
for communicating the motion of the elongated wheel to single-acting spoons or levers at present in use. Thirdly,
the tin drum must be rather broader than before, so that the application of the double-acting or equilibrium spoons
in traversing along with the carriage it may be in gearer balanced levers of the warping mill to expanding and

This invention relates to furnaces or bars, and has for its object the sus and gases arising from the fasi; a preservation of the firebara in carryin of the invention, the patente en fireclay or iron, having perforations t at the back of or on the firebars, ALË FES at both ends. This plate extends are of the furnace, and is open at the butte the ashpit, or from a tabe extending f ashpit to the back of it. Aures of iron is made to fit into the perfici 2tubes being open at the bottom na through the perforated plate. Th extend to or near to the bottom of the b also provided with small perforation a the fine from the top to the b through them in that direction, 2 rather to assist, or increase, the the fire on these tubes heats the consequently, heats the air passing forations in them, and as soft pass away up the flue without com divided currents of highly heated at 25 consumption of smoke and other inf ducts of combustion is effected To inside the tubes preserves them er the smoke or other gases an a mall perforations will st

2608 W. DUDGEON. Improvements in constructing shipe or vessels propelled by twin propellers, and in steam engines for giving motion to the same. Dated October 9, 1866.

In constructing the after parts of a ship or vessel propelled by twin propellers, where external stern tubes are used projecting to a distance from the after parts of the body of the ship or vessel, such stern tubes are, according to the present invention, connected together horizontally (or as nearly so as may be) from end to end by means of framing and plating bracing them together to and through the body. Or in some cases, in place of two stera tubes being used, the screw shafts are enclosed in chambers formed by plating and projecting horizontally on each side of the stern of the ship or vessel; these chambers serve

1078 W. R. Lake. Bricks. (A communication.) 1153 W. Harrison. Consuming smoke in furnaces.

The full titles of the patents in the above list can be ascertained by referring back to their numbers in the list of

PATENTS APPLIED FOR WITH COMPLETE SPECI- provisional protections previously published.

MAY 10, 1867.

2816 J. Scott

2818 J. Scott

2820 J. Keighley

NOTICES OF INTENTION TO PRIN
PATENTS

From the London Gasetts, April 3.1 3305 W. Campion. Joining knitted 3307 C. E. Brooman. Preparation f communication.)

3325 J. Macintosh. Breech-leading 3341 W. Gilbey. Treating bottle cr 3313 W. Chapman. Bending append's 3344 W. E. Gedge. Working without the aid of steam. (A com Luiste 3346 T. and T. F. Walker. Taking s 3347 W. Baker. Lighting fr 3356 R. L. Martin, Breech-loading an munication.)

3357 C. Langley. Wat shipt 3365 W. Rowan. Cleaning fax 3366 G. Allix. Raising window blisk 3377 A. S. and H. H. Ayre. Drying via 3384 W. E. Gedge Millstones (A 3391 E. Allen. Purifying cas 3414 EF. Göranson. Castingring 3418 A. V. Newton. Safety timid (A communication.)

3429 G. Haseltine. Pocketbooks 3431 B. W. A. Sleigh. Hydrostatic engines.

3434 W. Clark. Fixing rails to the s (A communication.)

18 W. Chippindale, Coupling i 21 W. Lamoreaz. Applying th 44 W. E. Newton. Removal of insti communication.)

56 W. J. Murphy. Gun

99 W. Clark. Pipe moulding apasa nication.)

161 W. Clark. Blast furnace (mo 165 H. Bridgewater. Turntable 188 G. B. Woodruff. Sewing machin 250 E. Von L. Ebersburg. Food i a communication.)

258 J. F. D. Donnelly. Lighting in 403 W. Clark. Pressing bricks. Am 917 G. A. Buchholz Assorting in 936 J. and J. Bird. Artificial fut 967 J. Harker. Expressing o 991 J. Whitehurst and T. Walsh, Lom 1029 W. E. Newton. Steam genres d cation.)

1030 W. E. Newton. Hollow projects. nication.)

1078 W. R. Lake. Bricks (Aemudian 1:53 W. Harrison. Consuming statem The full titles of the patents in the am ascertained by referring back to their provisional protections previonny pullulu,

Opposition can be entered to the grantingto any of the parties in the above list vi har of their intention to proceed, with trea the date of the Gazette in which th leaving at the Commissioners' office partnr. of the objection to the application.

P

THE

LONDON: FRIDAY, MAY 10, 1867.

THE MECHANICS' MAGAZINE.

285

are ensured without in the least departing bursting, yet they are liable to this contin-
from those principles of good taste and style gency. This is especially the case in frosty
which inseparably belong to buildings of this weather, when most of them, from their pe-
MECHANICS' MAGAZINE. design ought not to have been placed in the useful domestic appendages into absolutely
description. It is questionable whether this culiar construction, become converted from
French department, since the designer has dangerous adjuncts. We have just escaped
adopted the latter country exclusively for from a winter of unusual severity, and one of
the practice of his profession; and it would its results has been to cause six explosions, all
certainly have been an ornament to it, of of which happened during the frost in the
which it stands in great need. Near to it is month of January to boilers in household use.
THE PARIS EXHIBITION.
the Museum of Amsterdam, but so far from These explosions were attended with very
obtaining any idea of its real character from fatal results, no less than five persons having
EOPLE whose favourite theme of con- its style or general features, one might be been killed and four injured. Considering
versation, and in which they flatter justified in concluding it was intended for a the number of these explosions as well as their
themselves they shine, is the superiority of the stable on a large scale, with the addition of a fatality, it seems desirable to give something
ancients compared with the moderns, never huge forage storehouse. A museum is un- more than a mere cursory notice of them-
mount their hobby with more inward com-doubtedly a class of building concerning the more so, seeing that those most exposed
placency and secret exultation than when the which it is not an easy matter to make a pic- to the resulting injury are domestic servants
Bubject of architecture is introduced. Then ture "tell its own tale," but one at least ex- who are totally ignorant of the risk they run.
they consider the field is all their own. The pects to be able to make a tolerable guess at All exploded boilers are stated to have been
merits of this temple, that triumphal arch, the true nature of the design. The drawings constructed on the circulating system, and
this gate, that portico, are discussed with a of the Dutch Farm, laid out in the park, but this principle affords an easy explanation of
vigour and minuteness of detail that would which we consider does not add any new the frequency of their explosions. In general
convince the original architects they were beauty to it, are also exhibited. To employ these boilers are connected to an overhead
mere idiots in comparison with their critics. stone and brick together with good effect in cistern by means of two pipes, so that when
Certainly, making all allowance for the dif- the same building is both a rare and difficult the fire is lighted the steam and heated water
ference of the times in which we live, and the task. Our ideas of the combination are rise through one of these pipes, and the colder
incongruity of two designs such as a Christian summed up by "a brick house with stone water, from its superior gravity, descends
church and a heathen temple, it must be ad- quoins," and, although this is a very limited through the other. A regular circulation is
mitted that the exhibitors in the architec- application of the two materials, yet, not- thus set up which is maintained so long as the
tural department of the Palace of the Champ withstanding, it improves the appearance of pipes are free, the supply of water kept up,
de Mars afford a signal triumph to those en- the building considerably. A very successful and the fire burning.
And this arrangement
tertaining the opinion of our irrecoverable attempt at combining the two in the construc-
degeneration with respect to aesthetical prin- tion of religious edifices is to be found in the
ciples. The restoration of the Temple of designs of M. Soolen, who has adopted the
Hercules at Tivoli, and of the Acropolis and Byzantine style, and treated it in a manner at
the ruins of Nineveh, are further samples of the once agreeable to the eye and creditable to
corroboration of the remarks in our last the architect; the more so, as the style se-
article regarding the mania that appears to lected is not particularly favourable to that
exist among the French architects for things character of building.
of the past. They seem to be possessed with
the idea that it would be almost outré to ex-
hibit designs which evince any possibility of
construction which would give a foreigner
the smallest conception of what French archi-
tecture really is, or which could, if constructed,
be applied to any useful purpose. The motto
for the French section of architecture should
be "Restoration not construction."

Proceeding to the Belgian section, the
museun and exchange of M. Luys, of Brus-
sel, are worthy of commendation. The idea
of both is grandly conceived, as the mere out-
lines are sufficient to point out; and when we
examine into the details, we find the original
conception faithfully adhered to and carried
out on a commensurate scale of beauty and true
appreciation of high art. There is, moreover,
Passing on to the Prussian section in the same an evident attempt on the part of the architect
group we at once perceive we have shifted to strike out an original path for himself in the
the scene, although there is still also some designing of buildings possessing national in-
of that straining after the impossible which terest and intended to appeal to the amour
is to be found in the other continental depart-propre of the country. This court is no ex-
ments. We may divide the designs exhibited
by Prussia into two distinct classes-the one
in which all economy and moderate dimen-
sions are set at defiance with the most reckless
disregard, and the other in which the con-
ditions are exactly reversed. From these
opposite principles arise a class of building
whose general features are heaviness and a
total absence of every detail that might con-
duce to the advantage or benefit of the
present. From Cologne there is a design it
tended for Gothic strongly resembling a huge
piece of carpentry, with all the timbers
warped in different directions. Berlin con-
tributes a German cathedral, which is not so
bad, and that is the most that can be said for
it. The same architect sends a design for a
townhall, accompanied by a plaster model
painted a bright red. The appearance is that
of an enormous mass of brickwork, flanked by
crenelated towers and surmounted by a
rectangular shaped belfry, and strongly
resembles a group of manufacturing furnaces
with their accompanying tall chimney. To
judge from the apparent solidity of the mass
of brickwork, it might be reasonably expected
that, instead of a townhall, it would answer
remarkably well for an inland fortress, as
nothing short of the heaviest artillery appears
likely to affect it.

In the department allotted to the Low Countries there are exhibited plans, sections, and elevations of a marsion designed for M. Pereire by M. Borwens, a Dutch architect, resident in Paris, and of some note in that city. It presents a remarkable exception to the majority of its neighbours, insomuch as all the requirements of modern comfort and luxury

ception to the universal penchant for restora-
tion, for there are numerous plans for the re-
storation and reconstruction of the ancient
sacred edifices belonging to the country. As
a contrast to these latter there are several
designs for churches on a small scale, in which
it has been attempted to combine economy
with due attention to architectural merit.
Such a union is very rare. The beautiful
unfortunately cannot be had cheap. It must be
paid for in some way or another, and to en-
deavour to procure it otherwise generally
results in a lamentable failure. The material
used in this vain attempt is, unluckily, brick,
which is not a material likely to afford a chance
of success in a difficult problem of this nature.
As a whole, these designs may be regarded
rather in the light of larger buildings reduced to a
given ratio, than in that of small churches
proper, possessing any real individuality of their
own or displaying any originality of design in
their author. It would, however, be totally
false to assume that because a building is
endowed with architectural beauty, its re-
duced model would be similarly handsome,
although the relative proportions might be
retained with mathematical accuracy.

HOUSEHOLD

BOILER EXPLOSIONS.
TEAM boiler explosions, as a rule, occur

is perfectly safe so long as these conditions are complied with, for the, surplus steam finds a free escape from the overhead cistern, while the two open columns of water form two natural safety-valves to the boiler. No pressure can accumulate within the boiler at any time beyond that due by gravity to the height of the colums of water, and the boiler is as safe when the fires are brightly burning as when they are out.

But these considerations of safety become materially affected if the thoroughfare through the two connecting pipes is at any time closed. The steam, having no outlet, finds itself pent up and accumulating within the boiler and pipes, until at last it makes its escape by rupturing the boiler at its weakest point, and then follow death and destruction. And a frost is just the thing to produce, and does produce, these results. The circulating pipes become choked with ice when the pressure is bottled up within the boiler; and when the pressure is raised beyond the ultimate strength of the plates or joints explosion must necessarily ensue. Such explosions, therefore, are

referable to excessive pressure, and the natural preventive measure would at once appear to be a metallic safety-valve, which, being unaffected by changes of temperature, would blow off the steam when frost had sealed the other outlets. It seems strange that some such precaution has not been adopted in this class of boiler; but those who design or make them appear to have ignored the possibility of the stoppage of the circulating tubes. It is exceedingly careless, if not reprehensible, inasmuch as there are chances of the tubes becoming choked by other causes than that of frost. In case of shortness of water in the boiler at any time, and from any cause, a necessary precaution is to withdraw the fire before the boiler can be run dry and overheated. If this is not done, on the reintroduction of the water, the boiler, if heated, would be strained and injured. We do not hold with some that the introduction of cold water into a heated-even a red-hot-boiler, would cause a violent explosion. Indeed, in a former number we showed both by argument and by fact that no such occurrence could take place; but to prevent injury to the plates, the precaution should always be adopted. By opening a test-tap on the cir

manu- pipes, at once ascertained

facturing purposes, and in those of loco-
motives. But there is yet another class of
boilers subject to the same accidents, and
which do occasionally explode and produce
fatal results. These are household boilers,
and, although we do not often hear of them

whether the boiler has or has not a supply of water.

We have already referred to the importance of attaching a safety-valve to domestic, as well as to any other boilers, where their construction involves the apprehension of an ex