stood. It is not by any means intended to coun-gradual scale to show the danger, or stop ferrules
tenance the introduction of the feed into boilers to prevent it, was a most deadly instrument, and
after the furnace crowns have been laid bare and that it was a fatal mistake to have placed it in
overheated; under such circumstances the fire the hands of an ordinary enginedriver. This
should be withdrawn as soon as practicable, and the jury did not fail to appreciate, and, while
the furnaces allowed to cool down gradually. they brought in a verdict of "Accidental Death,"
The question raised is whether the contact of as directed by the coroner on account of the
water with hot plates would instantaneously divided responsibility, they added that they
generate such a sudden pressure of steam as to were of opinion that the equipments of the boiler
burst the outer shell. This inquiry is a most im- were bad in the extreme, and that such safety.
portant one, especially since so many explosions valves ought at once to be removed from all
are popularly attributed to this cause. It de- steam boilers, at all events from those used in
serves to be submitted to the test of practical their own port; and also, that after the sad ex-
experiment as the only satisfactory way of deter-plosion which took place on the 21st of April
mining the question.*
last, of a boiler made and equipped by the same
makers as the one under consideration, the
jury were of opinion that the makers were highly
censurable for sending out such boilers with such
dangerous equipments. It is thought that the
coroner did much to prevent the recurrence of
other explosions by his painstaking investigation
on the present occasion, and if full investigations
were always made, and the truth fully spoken as
well as fully circulated, much would be done to
diminish the number of fatal explosions. The
fact of a number of these dangerous boilers being
in use in different vessels lying in the large port
in which this explosion occurred, excited a great
deal of apprehension, and stimulated the view
that Government intervention was necessary for
the protection of the number of people that fre-
quented the docks. It is thought, however, that
much may be done simply by faithful investiga-
tions and plain-speaking verdicts, without any
Government interference; and that if this course
were generally adopted, which it unfortunately is
not at present, the number of explosions would
be materially reduced in the course of twelve
months. At all events faithful investigation and
truthful speaking should have a fair trial before
Government interference is resorted to.

TREATING SLAGS FROM BLAST
FURNACES.

THE

becoming too brittle for certain purposes. For this object the scale is made to drop from the first pair of rolls to a second pair, whereby the particles of scale become sufficiently cooled to prevent their adhering together. The scale issuing from the rolls may be cooled by an artificial current of air whilst falling into a receiver or upon a carrier belt. Instead of treating the slag or cinder directly as it flows from the furnace in which it is first produced, Mr. Bodmer also remelts the various kinds of slag, cinder, or scoria from tips and other accumulations, and then passes it through rolls. In like manner he treats broken or refuse glass for the purpose of subsequently converting it into the condition of sand or grit or into powder to be used for sand paper or other purposes.

This invention consists, secondly, in applying the above process to the reducing or converting iuto a lamellated or pulverulent state or into scale those descriptions of cement and of materials employed for producing cements, which admit, without becoming thereby deteriorated, of being heated to a fluid or semi-fluid state. It is evident that these materials will not be allowed to come into contact with water on falling from the rolls. The invention consists, thirdly, in applying the above described process of rolling cinder or slag to such descriptions of slag, cinder, or scoria which contain such a percentage of metal as to render them suitable for being worked over again. For instance, instead of treating the slag from paddling fur. naoes, reheating, and other furnaces in the usual way, it is converted into scale in the manner described, and mixed in suitable proportions with lime, and with coke or other carbonaceous matter, and with other ingredients, as may be required for producing by smelting a good quality of iron. In order to render the cinder, carbonaceous matter, and other ingredients more suitable for smelting, they are converted, after being thoroughly mixed, into blocks, lumps, or pieces of smaller or larger size by pressure in moulds.

employing the above process to iron whether Mr. Bodmer's invention consists, lastly, in flowing or coming direct from the blast fur ace, or from a remelting furnace, or from a tion from a paddling furnace, or from any finery, or in a fluid, semi-fluid, or pasty condi. other kind of furnace, converter, crucible, or other apparatus from which iron is obtained in other vessel. Iron so treated will be in the a more or less fluid state, or from a ladle of most favourable condition for forming uniform mixtures of various descriptions of iron, or of one or of several descriptions of iron together with other ingredients, ores, or oxides, with the improved quality of iron or steel. The inventor object of producing therefrom by smelting så other ingredients with carbonaceous matter, mixes the iron treated by this process and the and converts the mixture into blocks, in i similar manner and for the same purpose as with regard to slag or scoria intended for remelting.

Whether the legal gentleman's hypothesis be correct or not, it will be seen, on referring to the facts of the case, that it does not apply in the present instance. It is true that the furnace tube was slightly discoloured a little below the water line, for a belt of about 12in. in width, but at the same time the soot remained on the inner side of the furnace, and the plates were not in any way distorted, nor the seams opened, while the two transverse water tubes, which passed through the middle of the flame, were entirely unaffected either at their plates or seams of rivets, which, it is thought, is scarcely consistent with the view of the furnace tube having been overheated, and at the same time submitted to a high pressure of steam. In addition to this, it was given in evidence that the engine was not working at the moment of the explosion, but standing during the dinner hour, so that the feed was not being pumped in, as supposed, or the water agi. tated by the working of the engine; while, in addition, there appears to have been plenty of water in the boiler at the time, since, although the glass tube was broken, the water was up to the lower tap but about ten minutes before the explosion, when at the same time the attendant was seen to screw down the safety-valve, with a brisk fire burning, and the engine, as already stated, standing still. From this it will be seen that the assumption of the legal gentleman, that water was dashed on to the furnace tube when HE question of turning the waste slags of overheated, is quite unsupported by the evidence. our blast furnaces to a commercial and The manager differed from the legal gentleman practical account has received considerable atjust quoted, and did not attribute the explosion tention of late. It is generally believed that to shortness of water, but to excessive pressure slag or scoria, when properly treated, is appliof steam in consequence of the attendant's having cable for making mortar, for the manufacture of screwed down the safety-valve; but did not con- artificial stone, and of cements, for manure, and sider it improper to turn out such safety-valves a variety of other purposes. These considerawithout stop ferrules, so as to prevent their being tions have induced Mr. J. J. Bodmer, of New overloaded in this way, and thought them quite port, Monmouthshire, to patent an invention as safe as any others. He also considered the which consists, firstly, in an improved method of boiler to be stronger at the unguarded manhole than reducing or converting the slag, cinder, or scoria at the seams of rivets, that it would have stood a from blast and other furnaces yielding or protest of 500lb. on the square inch, and that there ducing slag or cinder in a fluid or semi-fluid or must have been about that pressure of steam in viscous state into a lamellated or pulverulent it at the time of the explosion. In short, the state or into sheets or scale. boiler was a good one and suitably equipped, but carrying out his invention consists in causing One mode of the attendant was either careless or ignorant, the slag or cinder to run direct from the furnace and nothing could have prevented the explosion. upon a pair of rolls revolving at a surface veloTwo scientific witnesses, as well as myself, gave city corresponding more or less with the flow evidence at the inquest. One of them, who was of the cinder or slag, and set closer to or further for years the chief engineer of the "Great Britain" apart from each other according to the object in steamship, and subsequently ofthe "Great Eastern" view. The rolls may revolve at the same surface thought the boiler, fitted with such a safety-valve, velocity, whereby a simply laminating action is might fairly be likened, from its murderous pro- produced, or one roller may be made to revolve pensities, to one of the "infernal machines" of quicker than the other, by which a grinding or French notoriety; and he had, shortly after the tearing action is produced in addition to the the various copper works of the kingdom, which is explosion occurred, on examining a similar boiler laminating action. Instead of using a pair of known to be so injurious to all vegetation around. made by the same makers, seen the engineman rolls, Mr. Bodmer also employs only one roller In the neighbourhood of Swansea, which is the screwing down the safety-valve, though with acting against a fixed plane or curved surface. principal seat of the copper trade, there are thou. steam at a pressure of 901b. per square inch; The slag or cinder issues from the rolling or sands of acres with hardly a blade of grass upon and he mentioned this fact to show the unguarded grinding apparatus in the form of scale, which the ground, and in many instances the smelters nature of these safety-valves, the ease with which is allowed to drop on to and be conveyed away have had to pay heavy damages for the injurious they could be tampered with, and the impropriety by a carrier belt, water being allowed to flow effects of the smoke on adjoining properties, even of turning out boilers with a single one only. upon the belt from a rose or a perforated pipe. trees many miles distant being effected. About The three scientific witnesses arrived unani- Or a stationary box or cistern filled with water twelve months ago Mr. H. H. Vivian, M.P., adop. mously at the conclusion that the explosion did may be placed under the rolls, the rolled cinder ted an invention at his works in order to see not arise from shortness of water, but from the dropping on a carrier belt which partly passes whether something could not be done to abate the weakness of the boiler at the unguarded manhole, through the water in the cistern; or the rolled nuisance, and, if possible, utilise the smoke as in conjunction with the highly defective safety cinder may fall into trucks similar to those well. A considerable outlay was incurred in giv. valve; or, in other words, from simple pressure generally employed for receiving the flowing ing a thorough practical test to the invention, and of steam, which the safety-valve was too de cinder from blast furnaces. These trucks may at the meeting of the West Glamorgan Agriculfective to relieve and the boiler too weak to be filled with water, which as the cinder accu-tural Society, Mr. Vivian announced that his efforts withstand. mulates in the truck will overflow. The rolls had been crowned with entire success. are kept cool either by allowing them to dip into smoke is condensed, and by judicious admixtures water tanks, by causing water to flow upon them, a very excellent superphosphate is produced, or by passing cold water through them. The which is especially suitable for root crops. Mr. contact of the water with the hot cinder causes Vivian calculates that in a short time he will be further reduction to powder when desired by 40,000 acres of land. The success attained will no the latter to become very brittle, whereby its able to produce annually sufficient manure for grinding or rolling is greatly facilitated. doubt induce other copper smelters to follow the almost a barren waste, will then be made fertile example, and many thousand acres, which are now ground.

The coroner, in summing up, stated that he considered such a safety-valve as the one in question, which could be loaded either to 20lb. or 500lb. or, indeed, locked fast, while it had no

*

At the meeting of the committee at which this report was read, the propriety of attempting to determine this question by actual experiment was discussed, and it was unanimously agreed that the subject was of sufficient im

portance to justify this course, and, therefore, it was resolved that a boiler should be purchased expressly for the purpose of practical test.

described without allowing it to come in contact
Mr. Bodmer also rolls or treats the cinder as
with water, and thereby prevents the scale from

UTILISATION OF COPPER SMOKE. NOR generations past efforts have been made to utilise or neutralise the smoke emitted from

F

The

This was a rule for a new trial, calling on the plaintiff to show cause why the verdict for him should not be set aside and a nonsuit entered, on the grounds that there was no evidence of any infringement of his patent, and that his specification was bad.

Mr. Campion and Mr. Merewether showed cause against the rule; Mr. Garth, Q.C., and Mr. Aston appeared in support of it.

The action was for the infringement of the plaintiff's patent for an improved oil can for oiling machinery, resting on a combination of certain inventions, the effect of which was to squirt or force out a given quantity of oil on pressing a valve.

The Court were of opinion that on the facts the whole of the combination claimed by the patent had not been used, but only parts of it, and those parts were not new. The plaintiff, therefore, failed in making out any infringement of any new and useful part of his invention. The defendant was, therefore, entitled to succeed, and the rule must be made absolute.- Rule absolute.

BAGGELEY V. HAWKLEY.

This case arose out of the following circumstances:-The tenants of a Staffordshire colliery were in arrears for poor rates, and the overseers distressed and seized a boiler. The defendant bought it at the auction, and a day or two afterwards sold it to the plaintiff, a dealer in old boilers. The boiler was placed upon a bed of brickwork, and was not fixed thereon, but the door of the building would have to be enlarged before it could be taken away.

COURT OF EXCHEQUER.
(Sittings at Nisi Prius, before MR. BARON
BRAMWELL.)

COOPER, APPELLANT, v. WOOLLEY, RESPONDENT.
This case, stated by the stipendiary magis.
trate of Birmingham for the opinion of the court,
raised an important question with reference to
the manufacturers in that town.

The appellant, Cooper, was convicted in a
penalty of 40s. for so negligently using a furnace,
employed by him for annealing brass and copper
bars for the purpose of making wire, as not to
entirely consume the smoke. It appeared that
under the Birmingham Improvement Act of
1851, which incorporated with it the Towns
Improvement Act, the appellant was liable to a
penalty for the non-consumption of his smoke;
but, by a proviso in the former Act, a magistrate
was entitled to remit the penalty if he consumed
the smoke as far as possible.
that the appellant might have mitigated the
emission of the smoke by the introduction of air
into the furnace; but it also stated that his
manufacture could not be carried on in a proper
manner if the uniform heat in the furnace was
thus interfered with. The present appeal, there-
fore, raised the question whether, under these
circumstances, there had been a proper convic-
tion.

TO CORRESPONDENTS.

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All communications should be addressed to the EDITOR,

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To insure insertion in the following number, advertisements should reach the office not later than 5 o'clock on Thursday evening.

We must absolutely decline attending to communications unaccompanied by the name and address of the writer, not necessarily for insertion, but as a proof of good faith.-ED. M. M.

RECEIVED.-J. A.-G. E. P.-J. D.-W. S.-W. T. F.

R. M.-W. H. le F.-W. J. M.-A. R.-O. A. W. H.-
B. M'L.-G. W. H.-R. J. T.—C. H.-S. F.—D. M.—

The case found C. L. E.-J. J. S.

for the appellant; and Mr. D. Keane, Q.C., and
Mr. Mellish, Q.C., and Mr. Beresford, appeared
Mr. Dugdale, for the respondent, who is the
inspector of nuisances for Birmingham.

The Court held that as the case found that the

entire prevention of smoke was incompatible
with the proper carrying on of the appellant's
trade, the conviction ought to be set aside.
Judgment for the appellant.

COURT OF COMMON PLEAS.
January 15.

(Sittings at Nisi Prius, in Middlesex, before MB.
JUSTICE BYLES and a Common Jury.)

SCHWEISTER V. VAUGHAN.

The defendant in this case was a patent agent, and he had advanced £50 to pay the stamp duty upon a patent of Mr. Jacob Snider for a breech.

Meetings for the Week.

MON.-Society of Engineers.-President's Inaugural A dress, 7.30.

Royal United Service Institution." Breechloaders with reference to Calibre, Supply, and Cost of Ammunition," by Captain J. H. Selwyn. TUES.-Institution of Civil Engineers.-Discussion on "Ships of War," 8.

Royal Institution.-"On Vibratory Motion, with
special reference to Sound," by Professor Tyn-
dall, 3.

WED.-Geological Society.-The following papers will be
read-1. "On Chemical Analyses of Varie-
gated Strata," by Mr. G. Maw. 2. "On the
Jurassic Fauna and Flora of South Africa," by
Mr. Ralph Tate. 3. "On Consolidated Blocks
in the Drift of Suffolk," by Mr. G. Maw, 8.
THURS.-Royal Institution."On Vibratory Motion,
with special reference to Sound," by Professor
Tyndall, 3.
FRI.-Royal Institution.-"On Mr. Graham's Recent
Discoveries on the Diffusion of Gases," by
Professor Odling, 8.
SAT.-Royal Institution." On Harmony," by Mr, G. A.
Macfarren, 3.

When the plaintiffs went loading cannon; and the plaintiff subsequently Nabal, Military, and Gunnery Items.

for their purchase they were threatened with legal proceedings if they removed the boiler, and therefore they abstained from doing so, and commenced the present action against the defendant for not completing his agreement to sell. At the trial before Mr. Justice Blackburn at Liverpool the jury found for the plaintiff, damages £40.

a

Mr. Holker now moved for a rule to enter verdict for the defendant or for a new trial, and submitted that the boiler was liable to be seized

for poor rates, and that the plaintiff had a right
to remove it. The fact that the plaintiff had
been threatened with proceedings if he removed
the boiler was nothing to the defendant if in
fact there was a legal right to remove.
Rule granted.

COURT OF QUEEN'S BENCH. (Sittings in Banco, before the LORD CHIEF JUSTICE and Justices BLACKBURN, MELLOR, and SHEA.)

January 14.

GARDNER V. WRIGHT,

This was an action tried in the Bail Court, before Mr. Justice Blackburn, when the jury returned a verdict for the plaintiff, damages $1,200. It was an action for negligence, into the particulars of which we entered fully at the time of trial. The plaintiff had employed the defendant to take the necessary steps for proouring an extension of the letters patent, for a certain invention in England, to India. The defence was, that the plaintiff failed to supply the defendant with the necessary funds. Mr. Edward James, Q.C., now moved to set aside the verdict, and for a new trial, on the ground that the verdict was against evidence, and also that the damages were excessive. Mr. Justice Blackburn said he certainly thought this was a case in which it was desirable that another jury should consider the amount of damages. This jury had somehow come to the conclusion, but how he could not see, that a Patent which was worthless in England was worth £1,200 in India.

The Court granted the rule as against evidence, and that the damages were excessive. Bule granted.

handed the defendant £30 and £20. The plaintiff
now sought to recover these two sums, alleging
that he had lent them to the defendant. On the
other hand, the defence was that it was a repay.
ment of the £50 which he had advanced to Mr.

Snider.

Mr. Digby Seymour, Q.C., and Mr. Holl, appeared for the plaintiff; and Mr. Giffard, Q.C., and Mr. Griffits for the defendant.

A good deal of evidence was given on each side, and afterwards his lordship directed the jury to consider whether the plaintiff had lent the money to the defendant, or whether it was on behalf of Mr. Snider, or his trustees, to repay the sum which had been advanced by the defend. ant. The jury found for the defendant.

year,

Correspondence.

The royal gun factories at Woolwich are engaged night and day with orders now on hand for the present financial year 1866-7. The sum required for the department in the estimates of the ensuing year will be about £600,000.

Sixty tons of samples of wrought-iron slabs facing for gun batteries, manufactured at the Thames Ironworks, has just been despatched from Woolwich Arsenal to Shoeburyness for experimental testing, in the presence of the Ordnance Select Committee. One of the large slabs weighs 35 tons, is 25ft. by 14ft. and 12in. thick.

In the

The task of raising "La Seine," a French packet, wrecked on the coast of Calabria, near Cape Spartivento, has been successfully accomplished, after many months of severe labour and trouble. The details of the enterprise are of much interest, and reflect the highest credit upon the professional "ability and skill of M. Eyber, the engineer, to whom this arduous undertaking was entrusted. hazardous and uncertain problem, and the practical successful accomplishment of what is always execution of which has never been satisfactorily solved, M. Eyber distinguished himself no less by than by the display of those qualities which conhis nerve and indomitable perseverance and energy, stitute a truly practical engineer. We are, through his courtesy, in possesion of the whole history of the undertaking, and shall shortly present a succinct

MODERN ARTILLERY.
TO THE EDITOR OF THE "MECHANICS' MAGAZINE.'
SIR,-Referring to Mr. John Bourne's letter in
your number of the 9th of November of the past
"modern artillery and the monitor system of
iron-clads," "that gentleman, speaking of combining
the rocket principle with that of a projected bolt,
so as to increase the vis viva of the shot without
putting any increased strain upon the gun, I beg
you to inform your readers that this, I presume,
valuable idea, was suggested by me, in 1857 to Mr.
Lotzy, then Minister of the navy in my country. A
model of a rocket-shell for rifled ordnance was
offered by me to Government, but it was never
honoured by a trial. Suppose a shell or bolt of the
same weight fired from the same gun with the
same charge as the proposed rocket-shell, then
known results show:-1. That in the same time
(2.6 seconds), the first projectile has a range of 1,094
yards, the rocket-shell obtains a range of 1,462 yards.
2. That the total range, with an elevation of 1 deg. 27
min. 34 sec., is for the rocket-shell 1,670 yards, that
is, the half more than of the first one. 3. That the
velocity of the first projectile at 1,094 yards, is
331 yards, having lost already 0'4 of its velocity,
whilst the rocket-shell's velocity is grown to 572
speed. 4. With more elevation, the range of the
yards, and has surely then attained its greatest
rocket-shell is twice as great as that of the first
I am Sir, yours, &c.,
C. A. W. HALVERHOUT,
Lieut. Royal Dutch Navy.

one.

Helder, January 4.

account of it to our readers.

Nearly the whole of the double inch-and-a-half skin plating of the "Hercules" is completed, while four tiers of the 9in. and 6in. armour-plating have been bolted to the frigate's broadside, along the The iron deck beams are also central battery. completed and fitted, in readiness for the reception of the iron deck plates. The bow battery is also well forward, and ready for the reception of the armour-plating.

Her Majesty's screw troop-ship "Himalaya", was put through a trial of her machinery and speed at the measured mile in Stokes Bay. Six runs were made over the measured mile with the ship drawing 18ft. of the ship being 13 637 knots. A full circle was lin. of water forward and 20ft. aft, the mean speed turned to port is 9 min. 3 sec., and to starboard in 9 min. 32 sec. The machinery worked very satisfac torily, and after the trial the" Himalaya" returned to Portsmouth harbour to complete the necessary measures for immediate commission.

of copper and lead.

A correspondent tells us Army and Navy Gazette, that having to go into the barrack rooms of a cavalry corps at an early hour during the late frost he found the men with pieces of candle stuck into bottles, endeavouring to remove the protection to their throats which God had given them, but which the Horse Guards had taken away. The following remarks were distinctly heard by him, coupled, of course, with the expletives usually expressive of bad humour: "I say, Bill, why don't the Prince have to do this here? He's in the 10th Hussars." Answer-"Blest if I know! Why don't the Duke have to dock his Newgate frill? That ain't regulation." We hope we are not unduly irreverent in reporting the remarks.

We (Army and Navy Gazette) understand that in the forthcoming navy estimates a sum of £10,000 will be taken for " experimental purposes," with a view of testing the resisting powers of turrets.

Miscellanea.

The North Staffordshire ironmasters have re

solved to reduce the list price of finished iron 20s.
per ton, and also that a reduction be made in the
wages of the puddlers of ls. per ton, wi h a propor-
tionate reduction in the wages of the mill-men, and
those of other departments, Business is said to be
very quiet.

The Prince of Wales has signified his intention to
take the chair at the forthcoming annual meeting
of the Royal National Lifeboat Institution, which
is expected to take place about the latter end of the
ensuing month. The Prince and the Princess of
Wales have always manifested considerable interest
in the great and national work of the Lifeboat In-
stitution, which last year contributed to the saving
of nearly 900 lives from a watery grave, receives the
support and sympathy of all classes of the commu-
nity, and is thereby enabled to accomplish success"
fully and energetically the national work it has
undertaken to do on behalf of our shipwrecked
sailors.

inventor and patentee of oil-colour picture painting.
The death is announced of Mr. George Baxter, the
The deceased gentleman was 62 years of age.
Some time ago he met with an accident, which
proved the remote cause of the attack of apoplexy
from which he died.

At the last meeting of the Geological Society of
London, held January 9, Warington W.
Smyth, Esq., M.A., F.R.S., President, in the chair,
George Clark, Esq., of Dowlais; James Eccles,
Esq., Springwell House, Blackburn; William
Harris, Esq., M.A., Osbourne-villas, Windsor; and
J. Charles Pooley, Esq., F.R.C.S., 1, Raglan-circus,
Weston-super-Mare, were elected Fellows.

1609 S. KILBY and G. DIXON. Improvements in threshing machines. Dated June 13, 1866

This invention relates to the beater-plates fixed on the revolving drums of threshing machines, and has for its object the construction of the said beater-plates with an increased beating or threshing surface. Patent abandoned.

miners' safety lamps. Dated June 13, 1866
1610 W. H. HALL and J. COOKE. Improvements in

This invention consists chiefly in the manufacture of a lamp which cannot be opened without the light becoming extinguished. Patent completed.

1611 A. P. PRICE. Improvements in the apparatus for and in the method of effecting the combustion of fuel. (A communication.) Dated June 13, 1866

This invention relates to a former patent dated 4th April, 1866 (No. 956), and consists mainly in the use, in the comances for controlling the descent of the powdered or finely bustion chambers of furnaces generally, of suitable applidivided fuel. Patent abandoned.

13, 1866
1612 J. C. COLE. Improvements in coins. Dated June
This invention is not described apart from the drawings,
Patent completed.

1613 J. J. and E. HARRISON. Certain improvements in
looms for weaving. Dated June 14, 1866
termed the check motion, and is designed for retarding the
This invention relates, firstly, to that portion of the loom
shuttle when entering the shuttle-box, and finally stopping
and retarding the same until again expelled. Secondly, in
an improved temple. Patent completed.

1614 E. MORBIS. Improvements in apparatus to be omployed in churning. Dated June 14, 1866

Letters from Paris state that the waters of the The beater of this churn is attached to one end of a lover, Seine have risen considerably, and are still getting higher. The landing-places at the Canal St. Martin which is centred upon a cross-bar of the frame of the chura Concorde, where the water marks six metres on the the operator, for whom a seat is provided at the end of the are covered. At the Pont Royal and Pont de la arrangement driven by two treddles, which are worked by as a fulcrum, such lever being actuated by a double crank scale, the river is a real torrent, and reaches even to frame. The axis of the crank is furnished with a flywheel, the quays. At Charenton, Chatou, and Poissy the and the stroke of the lever attached to the beater can be stream has the appearance of a lake. The dykes adjusted to any desired length by altering the relative posialong the plain of Gennevilliers are closed. Navi-bion of the fulcrum of the former, and the distance of the gation is suspended, in consequence of the insuffi- connecting-rod the axis of the crank. Patent abandoned. cient headway under the bridges.

As many as seventeen expiring laws were continued by an Act passed at the close of the last Session for another year, some of which would have expired before the meeting of Parliament on the 5th proximo. It appears that the earthquakes in Africa are not yet over; the soil seems in a constant state of tremour Marshal M'Mahon, who reached Algiers on the 6th, started the next day to visit Blidah, where several other shocks have been experienced. A meeting of her Majesty's commissioners for the Paris Exhibition was held on Friday, the 11th inst. Messrs. Aitken and Mansel, Whiteinch, Glasgow under the presidency of the Prince of Wales. Cer- have just launched a first-class screw steamer of 530 tain resolutions were adopted, and one of them extons This vessel, which is named the "Cæsarea," pressed regret that cutlery, for which England is is the property of the London and South-Western remarkable, should at present appear to be most Railway Company, having been built specially for imperfectly represented. The number of exhibitors their passenger and goods traffic between Southin this class is only 7, and it is said Sheffield is re-ampton, Jersey and St. Malo. The "Cæsarea" will presented by 2. be fitted with horizontal direct-acting engines of 130-horse power by Messrs. James Aitken and Co., Cranston-hill, Glasgow.

The Common Council have agreed to purchase Southwark Bridge for £200,000; and in the mean. time, in order that the public may be allowed its free use, the Bridge Company is to be compensated at the rate of £5,500 per annum.

Two men were accidentally suffocated at some chemical works at Bow on Monday week. They had to do work in a tank containing sulphate of ammonia, and were killed by sulphuretted hydrogen. A coroner's jury inquiring into the cause of death added to their verdict, a censure upon the foreman of the works for allowing the deceased to go into the tank before it had been ascertained that it was clear of gas.

The parlour steam-engine is the most recent no. velty in the way of scientific toys. It goes with extraordinary speed, and by employing scent for the boiler, in lieu of water, disseminates a most frag. rant perfume through the apartment.

Cornwall has for some years past done a large and profitable business in china clay, the greater part of which has been raised in the St. Austell district, where several important works are now in progress. There is every prospect, however, of a new district being opened up on an extensive scale in a short time. Fine samples of china clay have been discovered in three parishes, and the ground in various localities is believed to be very rich. Steps are being taken with a view to establish works which would afford employment to a large number of people.

66

Two important economies are practised in Belgium, the making of fuel bricks out of the refuse coal, and the cutting of pitching pavement for their roads out of the waste slag or cinders, which is commonly called 'roughing" cinders, from the blast furnaces. The President of the Royal Astronomical Society writes to the Times to say that in 1847 the present Astronomer-Royal, Mr. Airey, availed himself of the then well-known properties of chilled cast-iron for the construction of one of the most delicate and important parts of the magnificent transit circle in the Royal Observatory, Greenwich, which for the last sixteen years has rendered memorable services to the arts of peace. The pivots of that noble in. strument at this hour are reported to be as perfect in figure as they were when first completed, notwithstanding the wear and tear of so many

years.

Sir Isaac Newton is said to have worn in his finger ring a loadstone weighing three grains, and capable of sustaining over 250 times its own weight.

Datents for Inventions.

ABRIDGED SPECIFICATIONS OF PATENTS
THE Abridged Specifications of Patents given below are
classified, according to the subjects to which the respectiv,
inventions refer, in the following Table. By the system
order of the specifications is preserved, and combined with
of classification adopted, the numerical and chronological
all the advantages of a division into classes. It should be
sively for this Magazine from official copies supplied by
understood that these abridgements are prepared exclu-
the Government, and are therefore the property of the
Proprietors of this Magazine. Other papers are hereby
warned not to produce them without an acknowledge

ment:

BUILDINGS AND BUILDING MATERIALS,-1616, 1635, 1638
BOILERS AND FURNACES,-1608, 1658
1643, 1671, 1688, 1689
CHEMISTRY AND PHOTOGRAPHY-1633, 1641, 1657, 1667
CULTIVATION OF THE SOIL, including agricultural imple-
ments and machines,-1609, 1621, 1065
ELECTRICAL APPARATUS,-1637, 1646, 1651
FIBROUS FABRICS, including machinery for treating fibres,
pulp, paper, &c.,-1606, 1613, 1629, 1630, 1642,[1664, 1680,
1685, 1687

FOOD AND BEVERAGES, including apparatus for preparing
FURNITURE AND APPAREL, including household utensils,
food for men and animals,-1614, 1623, 1640, 1678, 1684
time-keepers, jewellery, musical instruments, &c.,-
1650, 1652, 1653, 1655, 1661, 1662, 1679, 1690
GENERAL MACHINERY,-1618, 1636, 1644, 1645, 1648, 1649,
1654, 1672, 1673, 1677, 1682, 1683
JIGHTING, HEATING, AND VENTILATING,-1607, 1611, 1615,

1626, 1628

METALS, including apparatus for their manufacture,
MISCELLANEOUS, -1612, 1619, 1620. 1632, 1634, 1678
1617, 1625, 1631, 1639
ROADS AND VEHICLES, including railway plant and car
riages, saddlery, and harness, &c.,-1663, 1670, 1676,
SHIPS AND BOATS, including their fittings,-1624, 1627,
STEAM ENGINES,-1647, 1666, 1668, 1669, 1674, 1675

1681, 1686

1659, 1660

WARFARE,-1622, 1656,

1615 G. D. MALAM. The purifying of ammoniacal liquor by an improved process, and the application of such purified ammoniacal liquor to the purifying of coal gas. Dated June 14, 1866

In purifying ammoniacal liquor the inventor employs a a" desulphurating scrubber," open at the top and partly shower of the liquor being caused to descend on the coke filled with coke (for increasing the circulation of air), through a rose. To the interior, and near the bottom of the scrubber, the inventor injects a current of air by means of a fan and suitable piping. The liquor is then pumped into ordinary gas scrubbers, and the coal gas to be purified is forced or drawn by the exhauster through the purified liquor in the scrubber. Patent abandoned.

1616 J. CARTER. Improvements in opening, closing, and securing windows, doors, and shutters, and in the machinery or apparatus employed therefor. Dated June 14, 1866 The patentee claims, first, the general arrangements described for actuating the sashes of windows, doors, shutters, &c.; second, the application of screws actuated by bevel shutters, &c.; third, the locking of window sashes, doors, for opening and closing the same; fourth, the dispensing or shutters at any point by means of the mechanism used with weights ond their connections as applied to ordinary sashes hitherto used. Patent completed.

gearing to the opening and closing of windows, doors,

1617 J. STENSON. Improvements in the manufacture and remelting of iron or steel. Dated June 14, 1866 Provisional protection has not been allowed for this inven

tion.

1618 W. BELLHOUSE. Improvements in hoists. Dated
June 14, 1866
This invention consists in an arrangement for preventing,
the cage of hoisting apparatus from falling, should the rope
or chain or rope. For this purpose the patentee uses
wedges or inclined pieces capable of sliding between pro-
jections on the cage and the ordinary guide rods, such
wedges being brought into action by means of weighted
levers, or weights with or without springs. Patent completed.
manufacture of fishing and other nets.
1619 J. B. PAYNE, Improvements in machinery for the
Dated June 14,
1866

double acting without the necessity of using two shuttles,
This invention consists in making fishing-net machines
dinary two-shuttle machines. Patent completed.
and with an economy of space as compared with the or

1620 R. E. HODGES. June 14, 1866

Improvements in rulers. Dated

This invention consists in so constructing rulers that, în addition to the ruling edges being raised clear of the papers, that portion of the ruler having the ruling edges applied thereto shall be capable of projecting over one or more lines or columns of figures, either in a vertical or lateral direction or both. Patent completed.

ing machines. Dated June 14, 1866
1621 J. WHITAKER. Improvements in reaping and moa-

to the ordinary cutter bar, an auxiliary cutter bar, which
This invention consists, firstly, in employing in addition
is fixed in the finger bar, so that the cutting edges are pro-
tected by the fingers. The ordinary cutter bar will as usual
slide within or upon the finger bar and be removed to
and fro by a crank. By these means the two cutters will
act as a pair of shears, and will more effectually and easily
cut the crop. The auxiliary cutter bar is fixed so as to be
secondly, in improved means of raising the cutter bar from
readily removable for sharpening. The invention consists,
the ground, so as to allow it to pass over stones or other
obstacles, or to facilitate moving from place to place. For
this purpose the patentee affixes the finger bar to an axis
which is supported in bearings carried by the frame to
which the driving axis and gearing are attached. To the

axis carrying the finger bar he affixes a lever which, by means of a chain passing partly around suitable pulleys, is connected a quadrant on a lever handle, which is capable of being fixed in any desired position. The invention also consista in applying in addition to the lugs or projections on the wheels a rim or flange, which will greatly facilitate the running of the machine upon common roads, and at the same time will not interfere with the working of the machine when cutting crops. Patent completed.

1622 W. E. NEWTON. Improvements in the construction of breechloading firearms, so as to admit of altering_guns from muzzle to breech loaders. (A communication.) Dated June 14, 1866. The patentee claims, first, the use of a breech-piece held to the barrel and to the frame of the gun or its breech-pin, by vertical lines or joints at its front and rear, as and for the purpose described. He also claims the use of a breechpiece composed of two parts, one hinged to the barrel or to a band thereon, and the other part having a rising and falling motion upon or independent of the hinged part, but also swinging with it, as described. He also claims, in combination with the breech-piece composed of two parts, the use of a firing pin in two parts, so that one may swing out of and into line with the other, as described. And, finally, he claims the mode set forth of altering guns or firearms from muzzle-loaders to breech-loaders. Patent completed.

from the centre on which the oscillation takes place. Patent completed.

1646 F. J. BOLTON. Improvements in the mode of trans

Dated June 19, 1866

mitting messages by the electric or magnetic telegraph. This invention consists in employing a code of letters, words, sentences, or numbers prepared in a tabulated form; the lines and pages of this code are numbered, and in forwarding the message it is only necessary to transmit the numbers of the line and page. The symbols used are the dot and dash. Patent completed.

1647 T. BLATCH. Improvements in rotary and recipro

cating engines. Dated June 19, 1866

1658 J. ABBOT. The better combustion of fuel in steam boilers and other furnaces. Dated June 20, 1866

This invention relates, firstly, to a novel arrangement of forming thereon; and, secondly, to a suspended travelling reciprocating firebars for breaking the clinkers formed or bridge or deflector, by which the smoke generated in the furnace after a fresh supply of fuel may be deflected on to the fire and consumed, and through which steam or air, or both, may be injected into the fire. The invention cannot be described in detail without reference to the drawings. Patent completed.

1668 C. A. DurOUR. Improvements in metallic packing for stuffing boxes, and other obturators. Dated June 23, 1866

metal rings for the ordinary hemp packing used in stuming This invention consists in substituting a number of boxes. The rings made use of are partially conical, and are made either of iron, copper, or a mixture of tin, lead, and copper, forming an antifriction substance. In placing them in the stuffing box, care must be taken that the conical ends shall meet, whilst the opposite or wide ends come in contact, that is to say, the first ring must be put into the box wide end first, the second ring just the reverse, or small end first, so that the two small ends meet; the third ring again wide end first, and the fourth and last small end first. By this arrangement the patentee has two wide surfaces to expose to the top and bottom of the stuffing box, and on which the pressure of the lid of the box is exercised and communicated equally throughout the rings,

The patentee claims the construction of engines to be worked by steam or other elastic fluid, in which engine a cylinder or cylinders is or are caused to revolve on an axis or axes by the alternate action of steam on a weighted piston and action by force of gravity of such weighted piston this purpose either alone or in combination with india- causing the sides thereof to press closely to the sides

within the cylinder, as described. Patent completed.

1648 E. H. BENTALL. An improvement in rolling bars for manufacturing nuts. Dated June 19, 1866 Provisional protection has not been allowed for this inven

tion.

The first part of this invention has for its object to avoid the expensive and dangerous modes of treatment usually adopted, and to restore to the rubber those properties of which it has been deprived by the process of vulcanisation to which it had been previously subjected. This the patentee accomplishes by adding to the rubber (after it has been suitably comminuted) a portion of some vegetable oil, which, having no solvent action on the rubber, simply restores to it those properties and that capability of being vulcanised which it possessed in the crude state. Patent completed.

1650 E. PEARSON. Certain improvements in wearing apparel. Dated June 20, 1866 Provisional protection has not been allowed for this in

vention.

1651 A. MIROUDE. A new application of electric light for giving evidence of buoys of every description. Dated June 20, 1866 This invention consists in the employment of the electric light for lighting buoys without requiring any communication from the shore, by which they can be increased in number and placed as far from the land as the sea or river navigation requires, the object being to light buoys by means of the light produced by electricity in the apparatus known as Geissler's tube, and is carried out in the following manner :-The patentee places in the buoy to be lighted, whatever may be its dimensions and form, but arranged so as to keep in equilibrium, a receiver or battery (of a size and weight in proportion to the size of the buoy), producing an electric current; then a Ruhmkorff induction bobbin, and lastly at its upper part, he places a lamp furnished or not with lenticular glasses or glasses of any other form, in which lamp he sets several glass tubes or spheres, known as Geissler's tubes. A plate or roofing of metal or other suitable material may be placed above as a shelter for the apparatus. Patent completed.

1651 J. NADAL. A new or improved bottle fountain for pocket and other purposes. Dated June 20, 1866 This invention is described apart from the drawings. Patent completed. Improvements in sewing machines,

1653 A. BOWEN. Dated June 20, 1866 We cannot here give space to the details of this invention. Patent completed. 1654 D. A. FYFFE. Improvements in the manufacture of pulp. Dated June 20, 1866

A quantity of sawdust is, according to this invention, put into a hopper, by which it is conducted to a pair of millstones and ground as fine as possible. As the action of grinding is attended with the evolution of considerable quantities of heat, it is desirable to get rid of this as speedily as can be arranged, and in order to do so a fan or fans are placed connected by a pipe or duct to a cross pipe, and from the cross pipe other pipes or passages extend to the grindstone casing; the fan being put in motion, the heat currents caused by the grinding process are got rid of. In addition to drawing off the heat in the manner hereinbefore mentioned, a stream of water is admitted which passes in with the sawdust as the latter is being ground, and when ground this becomes at once converted into pulp. In addition to the cooling effect produced by the water, the water has the advantage of enabling the pulp to be obtained with more fibre than could be produced if ground dry. The stone which it is preferred to employ for grinding the sawdust is that commercially known as the New castle grit stone. Patent completed.

1655 E. BOURDIER. A hygienical salt box. Dated June 30, 1866

This invention is not described apart from the drawings. Patent abandoned.

1656 J. G. TONGUE. Improvements in machinery for the manufacture of metal cartridges. (A communication.) Dated June 20, 1866

1659 W. FORGIE and J. THORNTON, Improvements in
the construction of lifeboats and in sails for the same, for
the purpose of saving life at sea. Dated June 21, 1866
The patentee claims the application of waterproof tubes
or piping filled with broken or granulated cork, forming a
number of separate airtight compartments, in the construc-
tion of life-boats, such tubes or piping being employed for
rubber, gutta-percha, wicker work, wood, or other suitable
buoyant materials, as described. Secondly, the construc-
tion of lifeboats with a hood or sail formed and constructed
in the manner described. Patent completed.
1660 L. HART. Improvements in the construction of life-Dated June 22, 1866
rafts. Dated June 21, 1866

Patent completed.
This invention is not described apart from the drawings.

1661 B. BROWNE. Improvements in the construction of
camp or folding bedsteads. (A communication.) Dated
June 21, 1866

The sides of this bedstead are formed of round pieces of wood in three parts, hinged together by metal hinges, so as to be capable of being folded up. Around these side pieces the sacking of the bedstead is securely fixed by sewing or otherwise. The hinges above mentioned are each formed of two pieces of malleable cast iron, and into one of such said pieces a flat piece of metal is securely fixed, and has a slot or long hole formed therein, through which passes a pin, the said pin being fixed across one end of a short tube of metal, the other end of the said tube having a round piece of wood securely fixed thereinto, and in this manner each and every hinged piece is provided, these said pieces of wood being employed as the legs of the bedstead, and also to keep the sacking distended. To effect this the inventor crosses the legs like the letter X, and around each of the crossing parts thereof is fixed a short tube of metal, in one of which, and midway of its length, is fixed a T-shaped piece of metal, which is intended to take and lock into a corresponding shaped recess formed in the tube, which is upon the other leg, and by these means the legs are firmly held together. The legs at the head part of the bedstead are formed longer than the other legs, for the purpose of making the sacking higher at this part of the bedstead, so as to serve the purpose of a pillow. Patent abandoned.

1662 T. GODFREY. A new method of strengthening the vul-
canite base used for artificial teeth, with an improved mode
which renders them perfectly secure to the gums upon the
purely scientific principle of capillary attraction. Dated
May 22, 1866

An extension of time for filing the final specification of
this invention having been petitioned for, the documents re-
lating to the invention cannot at present be seen.
1663 C. P. HENRY. Improvements in paving roads,
streets, yards, or other similar ways or surfaces. Dated
June 22, 1866

This invention consists in making use, as a substitute for
the ordinary paving or flagstones hitherto employed for
such purposes, of moulded blocks of glass, in such manner
that all the blocks being of the same size and shape (by
preference that of a cube) apply themselves closely against,
and serve as mutual support for, each other, whilst, in
order to cause the blocks closely to adhere together and
form as it were one regular body, those sides of the blocks
which are to rest against one another are moulded with a
rough surface, or provided with small recesses and project-
ing parts which make the blocks fully dependent on each

other. Patent abandoned.

1664 W. SMITH. Improvements in the manufacture of trimmings, and in the machinery employed therein. Dated June 22, 1866

This invention consists in a method of manufacturing
ornamented trimmings, either as fabrics or net fabrics,
or velvet ribbon or other fabric, or of manufacturing the
same or other devices or ornaments without the use of
fabric or net as a groundwork, by means of a combination
of one to any number of needles, forming either a chain
stitch or a lock stitch, as required, and actuated by a
needle arm or arms in conjunction with any desired
number of revolving or reciprocating arms or shuttles and
bobbins, and series of thread bars and guides. Patent com-
pleted.

1665 J. GIRVAN. Improvements in reaping machines.
Dated June 22, 1866
Provisional protection has not been allowed for this
invention.

1666 J. PARKER. Improvements in motive power appa-
ratus, applicable for propelling vessels, for raising water,
and for other purposes. Dated June 22, 1866

The first part of this invention consists in the direct application of steam and compressed air, injected into tanks or holders, containing water, and acting directly, This invention relates to the manufacture of cartridge cases without the employment of a piston, upon the surface of of copper or other metal for use in revolving and breech- the water for the purpose of discharging, forcing, or ejectloading fire arms by the use of a series of machines with ap-ing, by the pressure of the injected steam and air, the propriate tools for the purpose, each machine performing its water from such tanks through suitable outlets, according own operation, and preparing the piece of copper or other to the object to be attained. For injecting the steam and metal, or a partially prepared cartridge case, for the next air the patentee prefers to use steam jets and air nozzles machine or operation, and so on until the case is com- similar to those referred to in the specifications of his pleted and ready to receive the powder and hall, and also to former letters patent (No. 552), dated Feb. 28, 1862, and set the ball firmly in the case. To perform the said opera- (No. 2620), dated Oct. 25, 1863, but other suitable steam tions and complete the cartridge cases seven different and air injecting apparatus may be employed. The second machines are employed, each respectively performing its part of the invention consists in applying the steam and own part of the work. Patent abandoned. air pressure in the manner above described to the propulsion of vessels. Patent completed.

1657 J. MOLLER. Improvements in obtaining and preparing colouring matter for printing, dyeing, and other purposes. Dated June 20, 1866

The patentee claims, first, separating lime and other bases from madder root (or roots or plants of the same species, or products from the same) by first boiling the root or material

1866

of the stuffing box, while the wide and small ends are also forced together, the interior surfaces adapting themselves to the shaft in such a manner as to effectually prevent any escapes of either steam, air, or fluid. Patent completed. 1669 G. TURTON. A new or improved rotary engine.

the piston is caused to rotate about a centre. The new or This invention relates to that class of engines in which improved construction consists in using two cylinders of different diameters mounted upon the same central axis, placed one within the other, the larger cylinder being fixed and the smaller one rotating therein, a greater or less space being left between the outer circumference of the smaller cylinder and the inner circumference of the larger cylinder, Patent abandoned.

1670 T. WHITLEY. Improvements in springs for railway and other carriages. Dated June 22, 1866

In constructing a spring for a railway or other carriage to be used between the frame and body of the carriage, according to this invention, corrugated metal is used (generally steel), the fixing is so arranged that the ends of the plates are free to slide to and fro, so that when the convex parts of one plate are pressed more and more into the concave parts of the other plate, they tend to flatten the corrugations, and extend the length of the springs, whilst the reaction of the springs causes the corrugations of the plates to assume their normal form, and force the convex corrugations of one plate out of the concave corrugations of the other plate. More than two corrugated plates may be thus employed between the body and frame of a railway or other carriage. Patent completed.

1671 E. PEYTON. Improvements in safes. Dated June 22, 1866

This invention refers to an improved mode of preventbetween the door and the safe, and it consists in applying to ing the forcing of safe doors by the insertion of wedges the safe in any suitable part, but, by preference, in the door, edge, and fitting with the greatest accuracy an opening a second circular door, either smooth or serrated on its The edge of this circular door is bevelled so that the door large enough to admit a man's arm, or larger, if required. assumes the form of a short frustrum of a cone, and its seating, into which it may be ground to fit with the nicest accuracy, is also bevelled. The outside angle of the edge of the door has a slight fillet or bead extending over both the edge of the door and the corresponding edge of the plate into which it fits, and the hinge is made doublejointed, and is fixed inside the door plate, so that when closed, the opening edges are barely perceptible. A lock is fitted in this circular door, and the patentee prefers that it should be constructed to throw its bolts radially into the door plate by a key in the centre of the door. The object of the invention is to conceal the mode in which the ordinary large safe door is to be opened, and, by providing means for getting the hand, or if necessary the whole arm, inside the door, to render it possible to use bolts or bars for securing the door, of such strength, and arranged in such a manner, as to preclude the possibility of forcing it open with crowbars, even if the points should be forced between the door and the plate; and by hanging the large door also with double-jointed hinges from the inside, their action being thus concealed from the outside, and making the edges to fit accurately, further security may be ensured. He also proposes to employ a circular door made as above described, and without any second door if preferred. Patent completed.

for raising weights. Dated May 22, 1866
1672 W. and W. T. EADES. Improvements in apparatus

This invention consists in an improved pulley.block conploy a pulley having sinkings or chambers upon its peristructed after the following manner:-The patentees emphery to receive the links of a single chain, which chain hangs with both ends loose, and terminating with hooks, so that whilst one end of the chain is on the ascent the other is on the descent. This pulley is attached to or formed upon a toothed wheel, having cogs or teeth inside the periphery or rim of the wheel, in which cogs or teeth another toothed wheel works; this second or inside wheel has one tooth, or more than one tooth less than the outside wheel. The inside wheel works loose upon an eccentric, by the action of which it is caused to play within the outside toothed weeel, and being fixed to an oscillating plate fixed to the arm or slide of the block it has no circular motion. The revolution of the eccentric causes the outside toothed wheel to advance one or more teeth, and as that wheel is part of or is attached to the pulley on which the chain is worked, it causes the chain pulley to rotate itself. The eccentric is caused to revolve by means of a pulley worked by an endless chain, a rope and spocket wheel, or any other convenient means. The toothed wheels may, if preferred, be reversed; the one formed on the chain pulley may be the smaller, the outside one working on the eccentric may be the larger. A compound pulley of this descriptiou is formed by repeating the gearing in the opposite side of the chain pulley, and employing a double spindle one within the other, by which means a still further reduced speed may be gained. To apply this invention to a crane or hoist of any description, the patentees simply mount the improved pulley-block on the beam of the crane or hoist, and work it by means of an endless chain or band by means. Patent completed.

with water, afterwards mixing it with an acid, and subse- stance which is an oleaginous fluid at any temperature pulley and winch handle, or by any other convenient

quently washing with water, as described. He also claims extracting alizarine from the roots or materials treated as above described, by boiling them with petroleum, naphtha, or other spirit or oil capable of dissolving alizarine, as described. Patent completed,

1667 E. HUNT. Improvements in dissolving or treating dificultly soluble gums or resins, such as rubber, gutta percha, or copal, and their compounds. Dated June 22, The patentee claims employing an acid or alkaline subbelow 300 deg. Fah., for dissolving or treating difficultly soluble gums or resins, such as rubber, gutta-percha, or copal, and their compounds, and especially the recovering or renovating of vulcanised or mineralised rubber, as described. Patent completed.

1673 O. DE GRELLE. Improved apparatus for cutting, grinding, and polishing the bottoms of tumblers, wine glasses, decanters, and other articles in glass. (A com nication.) Dated June 22, 1866