The patentee claims adapting the articles to be operated apon to the grinding surface or tool by means of a weighted rod spindle or holder, which will press the article against the grinding surface, and at the same time impart so it rotary motion, while the grinding or polishing tool is also rotating and grinding or polishing the article, as set forth. Patent completed 1674 A. V. NEWTON. An improved construction of rotary engine. (A communication.) Dated June 22, 1866 This engine is designed more especially for use as a motor, in which case it may be driven by steam, water, or other fluid, but it may, by having power properly applied to it externally, be used as a pump. The pistons are attached to two parallel shatts geared together so as to rotate in opposite directions at the same velocity, and are of the forms of segments of rings concentric with their respective shafts. Their outer arc-formed surfaces are Atted to and rotate within two parallel laterally-communicating bores in the same cylinder or casing, and their inner are-formed surfaces are fitted to and rotate around two stationary hubs concentric with their respective shafts and bores of the cylinder. The axes of the shafts and their respective bores of the cylinder are situated at such distance apart and the aforesaid fixed hubs are so recessed in a concave are form that the outer arc-formed face or faces of the piston or pistons of one shaft fit the recesses in the fixed bub which surrounds the outer shaft in such manner as to prevent the steam, water, or other fluid from passing between the piston of either cylinder and the hub of the opposite one. The induction and eduction pipes are arranged in opposite positions, where the two bores of the cylinder meet. In the operation of the engine as a motor, the steam or other motive agent acts upon the piston or pistons of each shaft alternately, while the piston or one of the pistons of the other shaft serves as an abutment. In using the engine as a pump, the vacuum is produced for the entrance of the liquid, and the liquid expelled by the piston or pistons of each shaft alternately. Patent completed. 1687 E. G. FITTON. Improvements in machinery for preparing and spinning flam, tow, jute, and other Abrous substances. Dated June 25, 1866 This invention is not described apart from the drawings. Patent completed. with chains or cams which connect them with two or more signals or switches, so that each movement of the lever shall affect one signal or switch without altering the position of the other signal or switch. Secondly, he makes the levers pass through plates in which are openings, apertures, or perforations with straight, diagonal, or otherwise 1688 C. E. BROOMAN. Improvements in locks or fastenshaped slots, and arranged in such wise that one plate gene-ings. (A communication.) Dated June 25, 1866 rally is acted upon by more than one lever, so as to be caThis invention is not described apart from the drawings. pable of producing more than one combination, whereby, if Patent completed. any one of the levers is moved, all other levers actuating the signals or switches which it would be dangerous to those levers actuating signals or switches the movement of move at the same time will be locked or fastened, and all which would not be dangerous will be liberated. Thirdly, he arranges the apparatus in such manner that the movement of any lever causes the locking plate or plates to slide backwards or forwards, so that the stops which are formed by the slots cut in the plate or plates shall be presented to or moved across the edge or edges of the other levers, actuating signals or switches which it would be dangerous to move at the same time. He cuts these slots in such form or shape that no signals can be moved until the corresponding points or switches are in proper position, and such signals when lowered or placed at "all right" will fasten the corresponding points or switches, so that they cannot be altered until the signals are returned to the "danger." Patent completed. 1682 W. POUPARD. Improvements in apparatus for screening coale and other materials. Dated June 23, 1866 This invention consists in the employment, instead of the ordinary straight bars, of bars which, while being fitted lengthwise of the screen or shoot, and forming continuous openings in that section of the screen of which they constitute a part, are so formed or shaped that the whole of the coal while sliding down the shoot must necessarily pass alternately over a part of such bars, and over the space or opening between them, whereby the coal is sufficiently screened without the aid of supplementary appliances or means. 1675 G. DAVIES. An improved steam gauge. (A com-vention bars of serpentine or zigzag or similar form, which The patentee prefers to employ for the purpose of the inmunication.) Dated June 23, 1866 will produce the effect above described. Patent completed. We cannot here give space to the details of this invention. Patent abandoned. 1676 T. DEAKIN. Improvements in overhead railways, and in machinery for moving, turning, and weighing goods, waggons, carriages, and engines for railway and other purposes. Dated June 23, 1866 Hitherto overhead railways have been in parallel lines, and a turntable was required at every intersection of the cross roads to allow the suspended weight to be turned and then run on to the cross road. In case of traversers being fixed on the floors of railway stations or goods warehouses the main lines of the rails have been interfered with, and cross roads are required, the traverser moving only across such lines of railway where the cross roads are fixed. The to dispense entirely with the use or necessity for turntables object of the present improvements in overhead railways is by using a compound carriage, viz., two carriages, one sup porting and carrying with it the other carriage. One is the longitudinal carriage working along the whole length of the main line, and the other is the transverse carriage to which the weight is suspended, and by which it is carried along to any of the intersections (right or left) or cross roads, and then freely run on to it without turning, the traverser being always in position for any line. Patent abandoned 1677 T. DUNN. Improvements in machinery for turning, shaping, and cutting metal. Dated June 23, 1866 This invention is not described apart from the drawings. Patent completed. 1678 H. GARDNER. Improvements in cases for packing and transporting bottled ales and other liquors, and in the method of packing the same. Dated June 23, 1866 This invention relates to cases in which it is usual to pack ales and wine for transport without straw or other stuffing, which cases are also often used to keep the conents while being used up. These cases are usually fitted with diaphragms having a series of round holes in them to hold the bottles steady, and in close proximity to each other, the one diaphragm having larger holes to receive the body of the bottle near the bottom, while the holes in the other receive the necks. As these diaphragms are Axtures in the box, the bottles have to be inserted neck first, which necessitates the lid being at the bottom of the bottles, and renders such cases very unfit for holding bottled ales and wines. According to this invention the inventor inserts in these cases a number of cross bars, so as to pass between each bottle, the bars running lengthwise of the box, being half checked into those disposed across or transversely thereto, and somewhat loosely, in order that they may each move laterally a little, so as to accommodate themselves to any little difference in the sizes of bottles, the meshes or openings between the bars being such as just to receive the bodies thereof. He disposes one series of these bars near the bottom of the bottle, and another just below the shoulder, that the bottles can be lifted out with the neck uppermost, and may always be kept in that position; the cross bars are not fixed at the ends, but rest and are held down by small slips fixed on the sides of the case, which allow of the lateral motion before mentioned. Patent abandoned 1679 P. BARLOW. An improved method of exhibiting the time on the dial plates of clocks and watches. Dated June 23, 1866 The patentee claims exhibiting the time on the dial plates of clocks, watches, and other time-keepers by displaying such figures or signs only at one and the same time for the hours and the minutes as serve to denote the time at which such figures or signs become so displayed, so dispensing with the use of the hour and the minute hands, as well as the stationary figures by which they are encircled, as described. Patent completed. 1680 A. LEE. Improvements in preparing wool or other animal fibrous substance, yarns, and woollen fabrics for dyeing. Dated June 23, 1866 The patentee claims the subjecting of such substances to the action of steam in an enclosed vessel at a pressure of from one to six pounds on the square inch. Leted. Patent com 1866 1681 H. HILL. Improvements in the working, governing, or locking of railway signals and switches. Dated June 23, In performing this invention the patentee arranges levers in a frame in such manner as to admit of certain of them having two different movements, a forward and a backward Movement. He provides such levers with slotted rods, or 1689 C. E. BROOMAN. An improvement in wood screws. (A communication.) Dated June 25, 1866 This invention consists in so forming the bevelled under side of the head of the screw that it shall act as a countersink, whereby the screw may be used even in hard woods. Patent completed. 1690 J., S. A., G. E., and F. F. READING. Certain improvements in fastenings for articles of dress. Dated June 25, 1866 This invention relates to a modification or arrangement of a bolt or bolts actuated by a helical spring or springs or other equivalent means, in connection with a projecting part or parts, for forming a catch or catches that may be attached with their constituent parts, eitherby sewing or the use of metal eyelets, loops, or other equivalent means, to a band, belt, chain, cord, or other suitable material or parts of or appendages to dress for completing a band or belt, so as to form the connection of such or other parts or appendages of dress for uniting or connecting the parts. Patent completed. PROVISIONAL PROTECTIONS. Dated November 3, 1866. 2863 J. S. Gisborne, Liverpool, electrical engineer. Improvements in mariners' and other compasses. Dated November 10, 1866. 2935 H. Hitchins, Grosvenor-street West, Eaton-square, and W. Wood, New Weston-street, Bermondsey. Improve1683 T. 8. HUDSON. Certain new and useful improvements in machinery for cutting or dressing stone for buildrevenue or other stamps. Dated June 23, 1866 ments in machinery for printing surfaces or cancelling ing purposes, and for moulding and turning same for architectural purposes. This invention is not described apart from the drawings. Dated November 13, 1866. Patent completed. 1684 W. WELBOURNE. in Certain improvements canisters for containing tea or other substances, Dated June 25, 1866 therein. 2971 C. E. Brooman, Fleet-street, patent agent. An improved method of and arrangement of engine for towing or engine is also applicable for other tractive purposes. (A hauling barges and other vessels, which arrangement of communication.) Dated November 20, 1866. 3051 J. H. A. Gruson, engineer, Westminster Palace Hotel. Improvements in the manufacture of guns or heavy ordnance of cast metal. Dated November 26, 1866. 3105 W. R. M. Thomson, Glasgow, engineer. Improvements in the modes of cutting metal tubes or pipes, and in the machinery or tools employed for these and other analogous purposes. (Partly a communication.) in the treatment and spinning of jute, hemp, flax, and other 3109 W. Taylor, Temple Mills, Dundee. Improvements fibrous substances, and in the machinery or apparatus employed therein, Dated November 29, 1866. This invention is designed for the purpose of preventing the accumulation of tea dust or similar deposits at the bottom of canisters containing tea or other substances, and also for enabling the attendant to take tea from the cansubdividing a canister, box, or receptacle inte several veristers without touching it with the hand, or removing the canister from the shelf, and the improvements consist in tical compartments transversely from side to side, the said divisions extending from the top of the canister to a slanting platform placed inside the canister a slight distance conveniently large to allow a small scoop to be inserted from the bottom thereof, this distance or space being left portion of the canister to admit the scoop. The middle A swing or sliding door is placed in the lower compartment of the canister is provided with a door which, when closed, divides the said compartment in two, the back 3145 W. Brookes, Chancery-lane, civil engineer. Imone having a clear open passage through the diagonal plat-wheels called "disc wheels," formed from one piece or mass provements in the construction and manufacture of railway form into the space in the bottom of the canister, and the bottom or diagonal platform of the two outer or side comof iron or steel. (A communication.) partments are provided with a sliding door which, when withdrawn or opened, also allows an open thoroughfare from the said side compartments into the aforesaid space in the bottom of the canister. Thus, when the canister is filled with tea (for example), the density thereof in the middle compartment prevents the swing or divisional door from opening until the whole of the tea in the back compartment has been discharged, at which time the weight of tea in the front compartment forces open the said door so as to effect a communication for discharge through the said passage into the bottom; so soon as the centre compartment is empty, the slide in one of the said compartments is withdrawn, thereby allowing the tea contained therein to be discharged, and so on in like manner with the opposite compartment, the discharge of the tea from the several compartments in the lower space of the canister, as described, being regulated according to the quantity withdrawn from such space by the scoop. Patent completed. 1685 E. HEMINGWAY. Improvements in looms for weaving Dutch carpets by power, and in the manufacture of such fabrics. Dated June 25, 1806 This invention consists, firstly, in constructing and arranging looms to be driven by power for weaving Dutch carpets, in such manner that two beats up or two strokes of the lathe or batten will be given at each pick of weft. This is effected by having the gear wheels (by which motion is communicated from the crank shaft to the tappet shaft, or the shaft which gives motion to the picking arms) made in the proportion of one to four, or so that for one revolution of the tappet shaft there will be four revolutions of the crank shaft; therefore, for each pick of the shuttle from each end of the loom respectively, there will be two beats up or strokes of the lathe or batten. Secondly, by means of the first part of the invention, and the employment of wide looms, the inventor is enabled to weare such carpets in wider widths and of better quality than has heretofore been produced; also to facilitate the production and avoid the joining together of narrow fabrics, thereby improving the manufacture and reducing the costs thereof. abandoned. Patent 1686 E. G. BREWER. A new or improved coupling for railway carriages, trucks, and waggons. (A communication.) Dated June 25, 1866 coupling, and, at the same time, to shorten the distance The object of this invention is to provide an efficient heretofore generally existing between railway carriages, trucks, and waggons after being coupled up. The invention consists in the employment of two links, one link being somewhat longer than the other, one link, for example, are united by a lever wherein there is, by preference, but not being-say, 14in. long, and the other 18in. These links necessarily, a slot, and in which one link is free to travel. are hooked to the drawhooks of the earriage, truck, or This lever is provided with an arm which, after the links links over one another, and reducing the distance between waggon, is drawn back or reversed, thus bringing the two the carriages by lft. or 18in. Patent abandoned. Dated December 1, 1866. 3161 W. E. Newton, Chancery-lane, civil engineer. Improvements in rolls of spinning, drawing, and other machines. (A communication.) Dated December 5, 1866. 3195 C. E. Brooman, Fleet-street, patent agent. Improvements in the manufacture of colouring matters. (A coinmunication.) Dated December 6, 1866. 3220 F. W. Turner, Linslade Works, Linslade, Bucking hamshire, engineer. Improvements in reaping and mowing machines. Dated December 7, 1866. improved receptacle for tobacco. 3229 W. A. Richards, Holloway, commercial clerk. An 3233 O. E. Samuelson, Hamburg. Improvements in apparatus for propelling vessels. (A communication.) Dated December 13, 1866. 3269 I. Baggs, High Holoorn, practical chemist. Imchloric and nitric acids. provements in the manufacture and treatment of hydro Improvements in the construction of vehicles to be used on 3271 J. Murphy, Newport, Monmouthshire, civil engineer. railways. 3273 C. E. Brooman, Fleet-street, patent agent. Im litharge. (A communication.) provements in the treatment of lead and argentiferous 3275 J. T. Kent, Norden Corfe Castle, Dorsetshire. Improvements in taps or cocks for drawing off liquids. 3277 W. and J. W. Wood, Monkhill, near Pontefract, Yorkshire. Improvements in the manufactura of Abrous yarns or threade Barker, Bowling, near Bradford. 3279 H. W. Ripley, Lightcliffe, near Halifax, and T. boilers, and in applying heat thereto. Improvements in steam 3281 C. C. Adley, Dublin, civil engineer. Improvements in the construction of telegraph standards and insulators. Dated December 14, 1866. 3285 F. B. Baker and L. Lindley, lace dyers and dressers. Sherwood-street, Nottingham. Improvements in stretching or tentering and in dressing or finishing lace or other fabrics, and in machinery or apparatus employed therein. 3289 A. V. Newton, Chancery-lane, mechanical drafts. communication.) An improved construction of steam motors. (A man. Dated December 15, 1866. 3293 F. W. Reeves, Cambridge-terrace, Notting Hill, civil engineer, and J. B. Muschamp, Pembroke-road. An improved explosive substance. apparatus for propelling vessels. 3295 C. Randolph, Glasgow, engineer. Improvements in 3297 S. Chatwood, Bolton, Lancashire, safe and lock consulting engineer. Improvements in hammers and in engineer, and J. Sturgeon, Burley, near Leeds, Yorkshire, mechanism used therewith. 3298 J. P. Gillard, Paris, civil engineer. Improvements in apparatus for attracting, exciting, and distributing in various directions rapid successions of electric currents derived from the voltaic pile or other electric apparatus. 3299 G. Bertram, Edinburgh, engineer. Improvements in machinery or apparatus to be used for the manufacture of paper. 3301 A. Rollason, Commercial-road East, Limehouse, chemist. Improvements in the manufacture of blasting cartridges and fusees. 3302 D. Kirkwood, Birmingham, gun action filer. Improvements in breechloading firearms. 3303 J.W. Swan, Gateshead, Durham, chemist. Improvements in the treatment of gelatinous tissues of gelatine and gum, and of compounds containing such substances. 3304 W. E. Newton, Chancery-lane, civil engineer. Improvements in welding steel to malleable iron, and tempering the steel by one and the same operation, and in tempering steel after it has been welded to iron. (A communication.) 3306 J. Symm, Newton Stocksfield-on-Tyne, engineer. Improvements in sheep and cattle racks. 3307 C. E. Brooman, Fleet-street, patent agent. Improvements in the preparation and, application of certain fatty bodies. (A communication.) 3308 W. Clark, Chancery-lane, engineer. Improvements in carburetters. (A communication.) Dated December 15, 1866. 3309 J. Hauworth, Todmorden, Lancashire, manager. Improvements in steam boiler and other furnaces. 3310 G. A. Neumeyer, De Keyser's Hotel, Bridge-street, Blackfriars. Improvements in gunpowder for mining purposes. 2311 H. Hall, Stacksteads, near Manchester. Certain improvements in the preparation of size, and in apparatus connected therewith. 3312 C. Mole, Farringdon-road, boot and shoe manufac turer. An apparatas for the more expeditious and effectual attachment of skates to boots or shoes. 3313 E. Howell and T. Hardy, Poole, Dorsetshire. Improvements in the construction of horse-rakes. 3314 A. V. Newton, Chancery-lane, mechanical draftsAn improved construction of elevator. (A commu man. nication.) 3315 G. Nimmo, Jersey, U.S. An improvement in the mode of constructing shovels and spades. 3316 M. Weber, Cheapside, surgical instrument maker. Improvements in the construction of firearms. 3317 W. S. Mappin, Birmingham, manufacturer. Improvements in breechloading firearms, and in cartridge case extractors for breechloading firearms, and in cartridges for breechloading firearms. 3318 W. Wood, Birmingham, machinist. Improvements in breechloading firearms. 3319 J. Baker, Lieut.-Col., Army and Navy Club, Pall Mall, and J. Imray, Westminster Bridge-road, engineer. Improvements in cable stoppers. 3320 F. N. Meixner, Manchester, engineer. ments in turbines. Dated December 18, 1866. Improve 3332 S. Buxton, Hunslet, Yorkshire, contractor. An improved stench trap. 3333 J. Goodfellow, Blackburn, Lancashire, engineer. An improved apparatus for moulding the moulds of wheels, pulleys, and circular and segmental works in green sand without patterns. 3334 R. Bodmer, Newport, Monmouthshire, engineer. Ap improved method of securing the nuts of bolts. 3335 S. Wilson, Manchester, engineer. An improved fastening for baling bands. 3336 M. Henry, Fleet-street. Improvements in centrifugal pumps, and in the joints or junctions of pipes and tubes. (A communication.) 3337 S. and J. J. Perry, Red Lion-square. Improvements in inkstands or vessels used for containing and supplying ink. 3338 M. H. Simpson, Milk-street, Boston, U.S. Improvements in apparatus for the prevention of sea sick ness. 3339 F. Hayman, civil engineer, Lille, France. Improvements in breechloading firearms. (A communication.) Dated December 20, 1866. 3342 G. B. Finch, New-square, Lincoln's Inn. An improvement in the feeding apparatus in cotton gins. (A communication.) 3344 W. E. Gedge, Wellington-street, Strand. Improved locomotive machinery or apparatus working without the aid of steam. (A communication.) 3348 T. and T. F. Walker, Oxford-street, Birmingham, engineers. Improvements in apparatus for taking soundings. 3348 S. Parry, Thackeray-street, Liverpool, master mariner. An improved composition for the coating of the bottoms of ships and other vessels. 3350 S. Belfield, Pepper-street, Hyson Green, Nottingham, draftsman, Improvements in the manufacture of elastic and ribbed fabrics. 3352 T. Whitby, Wellesley-road. Improvements in the construction of vessels of war, and other structures requiring to be rendered shot-proof. 3354 W. E. Newton, Chancery-lane, civil engineer. Improvements in effecting the combustion of substances in a pulverulent state. (A communication.) 3356 R. L. Martin, Fleet-street, engineer. Improvements in breechloading firearms. (A communication.) 3358 T. Huckvale, Emerson-terrace, Forest Hill. Improvements in apparatus for cleaning knives. 3360 W. R. Lake, Southampton-buildings, Chancerylane, consulting engineer. An improved coupling for railway carriages. (A communication.) 3368 J. Howard. Reaping machines. (A communica tion.) 3452 G. T. Bousfield. Cut-off in steam engine. (A com munication.) The full titles of the patents in the above list can be ascertained by referring back to their numbers in the list of provisional protections previously published. Opposition can be entered to the granting of a patent to any of the parties in the above list who have given notice of their intention to proceed, within twenty-one days from the date of the Gazette in which the notice appears, by leaving at the Commissioners' office particularsin writing of the objection to the application. HAS BEEN PAID. 3382 J.S. Benson, merchant, and J. von der Poppenburg, PATENTS ON WHICH THE STAMP DUTY OF £50 mechanical engineer, Birmingham. Improvements in breechloading firearms. 3384 W. E. Gedge, Welllington-street, Strand. Improved apparatus applied to millstones for grinding wheat and other grain. (A communication.) Dated December 24, 1866. 3386 H. A. Dufrené, Rue de la Fidélité, Paris, civil enneer. Certain improvements in the manufacture of the extract of madder. (A communication.) 64 J. Coppard 82 W. E. Newton 89 W, Welch 100 W. Denton and J. Whitaker 114 J. Howard, E. T. Bousfield, and J. 139 J. Thompson 3388 J. Toussaint, Barnsbury-road, Islington. Improve- PATENTS ON WHICH THE STAMP DUTY OF £100 ments in the manufacture of cement. HAS BEEN PAID. 2875 W. J. Matthews 2931 H. A. Bonneville s. d. 41462 0 61463 0 41464 0 4 1465 0 41466 0 41467 0 61468 0 Sealed January 15, 1867. 1870 J. Macintosh and W. Boggett 1877 J, and E. Goad 1881 W. Tongue 1890 H. Trotman 1896 G. Canouil 1897 G. Canouil and F. A. Blanchon 1911 T. Andrews 1437 0 10 1448 1 10 1458 0 1912 G. T. Bousfield 1913 G. T. Bousfield 1931 H. Lea and T. Lane 1953 J. Orr 1977 E. I. Billing 2342 J. Williams 2541 T. Forster 2711 T. Restell NOTICES OF INTENTION TO PROCEED WITH PATENTS. From the London Gazette, January 15, 1867. 2284 R. S. M. Vaughan. Polishing boots. 61449 0 6 1459 2 4 1450 1 4 1451 1 1441 0 8 41460 0 4 1461 0 4 1469 1 81470 0 41471 0 s. d. s. d. 814720 81482 0 4 4 1473 0 81474 0 81483 0 4 814840 4 41475 1 214850 4 81476 0 1014860 4 614770 487 0 10 81478 0 1488 0 4 614790 10 14890 8 814800414900 8 814810 (14910 4 NOTE.-Specifications will be forwarded by post from the Great Seal Patent Office (publishing department) on receipt of the amount of price and postage. Sums exceeding 5s. must be remitted by Post Office Order, made payable at the Post Office, High Holborn, to Mr. Bennett Woodcro, 'Great Seal Patent Office, 25, Southampton-buildings, Chancery-lane. LIST OF DESIGNS FOR ARTICLES OF UTILITY 18, 4819, C. Bathoe..... 29, 4820, J. B. Fenby and T. W. Jones..................... Date. 1866 Nos. 2285 A. V. Newton. Electric clocks. (A communica 2333 R. A. Hardcastle. Indicating liquid drawn off. 2336 W. E. Gedge. Leather straps. (A communica2340 W. E. Gedge. Indicator. (A communication.) 2346 T. Wheelhouse. Sanitary apparatus. 2351 W. Clark. Ornamentation of pile fabrics. (A communication.) 2358 R. R. Riches and C. J. Watts. Horse hay rakes. (Partly a communication.) 2365 J. H. Johnson. Cutting frets. (A communication.) 2368 J. Bendley. Fish-hooks. 2372 N. Dunn. Water tuyeres. " 30, 4821, J. W. Lewis......... 4, 4827, H. Develin............ 6, 4828, M. Turnor 8, 4829, J. Gibbs............... 21, 4830, M. Wooding and J. Johnson............ 26, 4831, T. Harris............... 1867. 7, 4832, G. Ireland Jan. Subjects of Design Clip or file. Fastener for straps, &c. Scent portrait locket. Basket. Printing machi nery. Bottle stopper. Powder canister. Shaft loop for harness. Show stand. Fountain pen, Fireplece lintel and piece. Show case. Skates. Handle for bottles. PROVISIONAL REGISTRATIONS. Oct. 13, 1725, T. Walton A breaking bit. 13, 1726, J. T. Morgan and W. H. Staples...... Closet pan. 18, 1727, J. Webb and E. Rydings Egg whisk, 2394 W. E. Gedge. communication.) Separating grain from straw. (A 18, 1728, J. Webb and E. Rydings Egg whisk. 19, 1729, H. Develin............ Show stand. 20, 1730, S. Perry Steam cock. 25, 1731, A. Lorkin 31, 1732, J. F. Hannah 2416 A. B. Walker. arms. Brewing. 2417 H. Carter and G. H. Edwards. Breechloading fire2425 W. Clark. Setting types. (A communication.) 2426 W. Clark. Securing teeth in saws. (A communication.) 2432 T. A. Rochussen. Permanent ways of railways. 2470 G. E. Van Derburgh. Artificial stone. 2485 J. H. Johnson. Taps. (A communication.)' 2586 J. Robertson. Fireplaces. 3143 J. Field. Steam engines. 3183 T. Wilson. Cartridges. 3211 L. Cobe. Ironing fabrics. 3215 J. Darling. Penholder. Nov. 6, 1733, W. Parkinson Book marker. Towel rail, Knife cleaning machine. Sewing machines. Clarionet. Watch protector. Lock for bags. Advertising frame. The life guard. Window blind 31 29 12, 1735, 16, 1737, G. Trimmings Dec. " 3222 J. C. M'Donald and J. Calverley. Cutting paper into sheets. 18, 1742, J. S. Tucker......... 26, 1743, G. Harton............ 3235 T. Chaloner and J. Billington. Tools for graining. 3273 C. E. Brooman. Argentiferous litharge. (A communication.) 3, 1745, W. Chamberlain ... 3, 1746, G. Watson............ pull. Rocking horse. Plough. Breech loading gun. Show stand. 10, 1748, Wynn and Co. ...... Sardine knife. THE MECHANICS' MAGAZINE. LONDON: FRIDAY, JANUARY 25, 1867. STEEL MASTS. HE adoption of iron in ship construction branch of industrial art during the last few years. Attention, however, appears to have been confined principally to the hulls of vessels, to the comparative exclusion of other and equally important parts. It does not seem to have occurred to many minds that masts and spars require improvement just as much as hulls, and that iron is equally well adapted for use in former cases as in the latter. True, iron has been utilised in this direction, but then not in such forms as to secure the maximum strength the metal affords. Iron masts are in use in some of the ships of the Royal navy, but their construction is comparatively simple and primitive. This will at once be seen on reference to fig. 1, which shows a THE has led to the rapid advancement of this FIG. 2. Mr. James Webster, Mr. Joseph Mitchell, &c. from Mr. Deane's system than from the other. The next experiment was made with the view of determining the relative values of the Government specimen and one constructed upon Mr. Deane's principle. The sample of mast tried was of the latter construction and was made of Millwall iron, its section being shown by fig. 2. The diameter was 12in., being the same as that of the previous specimen; the plates were in. in thickness, and the angle-irons were 2 in. × 24in. x in. The piece weighed 10 cwt. 2qr. 71b., and had a sectional area of 52.5in. The first symptom of weakness occurred when the deflection had reached 1.94in. and the pressure 166,920lb., or just over 74 tons, the top plate cracking across. The next deflection taken was 3.63in., when the bottom plate gave in and the specimen was done for. The third specimen submitted for trial was of the same horizontal section of a Government mast. They pattern and length as the last, but was only consist of three plates of iron bent to the re- 8in. in diameter, and was made of 3-16in. quired curve, and are made with butt-joints, Bessemer steel. It weighed 4 cwt. 1qr. 24lb., and riveted to three T-irons which cover the and had a sectional area of 21.2in. At a joint on the inside. This is, in fact, about as deflection of 1.024in. the first crack occurred, simple and elementary an arrangement as the ultimate strain being_57,3921b., or somecould be devised, and is without any additional what over 25 tons. The second deflecprovision for enabling the mast to assist the tion taken was 1-486in., when two of the strains brought upon it. To improve upon this outer plates cracked; at 2.92in, deflection form of construction has been the endeavour of one of the centre plates cracked and the speciMr. Edward Deane, of No. 1, Arthur-street East, men gave way. The fourth specimen was London Bridge, and in this he has well suc- constructed in every respect in the same manceeded. Having experimented upon the question ner as the last, except with regard to material, for the last two years he has at length produced which in this case was termed " Deane's a form of mast which offers many advantages steel." We are informed that it is specially over those of the ordinary section. This is prepared for Mr. Deane; it is exceedingly true of it when he uses the material-iron-inalleable, and more ductile and workable of which those in ordinary use are made, but than most kinds. The weight of the sample this is not the extent of the improvement, was 4 cwt. 2qr. 171b., or a few pounds more Keeping pace with the masts and requirements of the age, which is fast demanding the substitution of steel for iron, as a few years since it required that of iron for wood, Mr. Deane uses steel in the construction of his masts, which gives them still further and more striking advantages, which cannot fail to be appreciated as they deserve when they become known. the value of the system. The section of the angle-irons was full heavy in all the samples we saw, and we would suggest that the lightest possible section be used for this purpose. The formation of the joints on the outside of the mast, shown in fig. 2, may in some respects be considered objectionable, but we may here observe that in some sections of large diameter which we inspected Mr. Deane has avoided this by turning the flanges in and giving a smooth surface to the mast. In the other case, however, the spaces can be filled in with wood, if it be wished to give an appearance of finish to the exterior, although without the wood filling the mast presents a lighter appearance. Taking next the two samples of steel masts, we find them to be of similar make and weight, and about 30 per cent. less in diameter than the previous specimens. Here we obtain a result which, as far as figures go, shows a superior resistance in the Bessemer steel. The power required to break the Bessemer sample was about a quarter of a ton more than that required to break that of the Deane steel. But then there are other considerations to be borne in mind which practical experiments like those we are now discussing alone can determine. One point-and the most importantis the extent to which the element of safety is actually present. In the case before us it was evident to all who witnessed the trials that there was greater absolute safety in the Deane than in the Bessemer steel, as we shall show. In the case of the Bessemer mast the first fracture was accompanied by a loud sharp report which indicated that the mast was absolutely done for. This was confirmed by the subsequent reports, which, as the pressure was put on, became fainter and fainter until they ceased, all the parts in tension having been separated. With the Deane steel the reverse order was noticed; the first crack was indicated by a slight report, whilst as the pressure increased in amount so the noise of the fractures increased in loudness until the last sharp report when all was over. The valuable facts to be gathered from these circumstances— which speak highly for the Deane steel-are, that a mast of Bessemer steel would give way and be destroyed at once, on the breaking strain being reached, whilst a mast of Deane steel would give way gradually, and would from first to last with a fairness and honesty still have an amount of work left in it after the that indicate but the one desire to establish the first fracture, which the Bessemer would not. true value and character of each system. A Of course in all structures there is an ample Government specimen of a given diameter and margin of safety left, and provision is made material was first taken, and against it was for a higher strain than the material will ever pitted a sample of Mr. Deane's mast of the have to bear in its ordinary work. But we same diameter and material, which was Mill-are now taking ultimate results, as from wall iron. Now we know this iron, although these alone can we draw comparisons. most useful, is not a very reliable material, An examination of the two samples after and the fractures in both of the present in- testing showed most clearly the superior testances showed many imperfections. But nacity of the Deane steel. In the Bessemer this iron was taken in each case from the same sample the point at which the pressure was stock, and was that in ordinary use, so that brought on, and which of course was in comwe get a fair basis for our results-no picked pression, was well crumpled up, but it prematerial, nor special work, although in all cases sented several fractures. The material at the the riveting was excellent. The weight was corresponding point in the Deane sample was of course increased in Mr. Deane's from the likewise crumpled up, but it had a ribbonextra amount in the web-plates, angle-irons, like appearance, and there was no fracture, and joints, whilst in the ordinary specimen no separation of the fibre, as in the Bessemer the butt-joint and T-iron effects a great sample. This is a most important fact, and economy of material. As a result, however, one accounting for the gradual destruction of we obtain nearly 50 per cent. more resistance the Deane sample as against the sudden than that of the Bessemer specimens. The out. The form of construction adopted by Mr. Such, then, are the results of a series of ex Deane is shown in fig. 2, which shows a hori-periments which were prepared and carried out zontal section of a mast. It consists of an outer skin, formed of four plates, connected through their flanges by rivets. The mast is stiffened by inch plates, held together in the centre by angle-irons riveted on. The outer edges of the stiffening plates are held between the flanges of the outer skin. The practical value of this form of construction, as compared with the ordinary form shown in fig. 1, was made evident last Tuesday by a series of experiments which were instituted by Mr. Deane, and conducted by Mr. Kirkaldy at his testing works, the Grove, Southwark. The experiments were witnessed by a number of gentlemen connected with shipbuilding and engineering, amongst whom we noticed Captain McKillop, R.N.; Mr. John Anderson, machinery department, Woolwich; Mr. Rumble, inspector of machinery afloat; Mr. Baker, chief engineer of Chatham Dockyard; Mr. Philip Thornton, master shipwright, Chatham Dockyard; Mr. Bull, C.E., Mr. Stainton, C.E., demolition of the Bessemer mast. It is therefore clear that the Deane steel mast comes out the victor, notwithstanding the breaking strain was less than that of the Bessemer steel. But what was the difference? Only a quarter of a ton upon 25 tons-just one-hundredth of the whole amount, which practically goes for very little, the more so that only one experiment was tried with each. Possibly another sample or two would have given results as much or more the other way. On the whole, then, we certainly consider that Mr. Deane has successfully effected a most important improvement upon the ordinary principle of mast construction. Beyond this he has advanced science another step in the production of a material which certainly embodies a greater amount of absolute safety than any other at present known. We therefore predict for Mr. Deane a full measure of the success to which his labours entitle him. He deserves well of the community, too, for the fair and impartial manner in which he has carried out these important experiments, which afford reliable data whereon to estimate the value of each system. ing the pattern shop we found the workmen busily employed making models for machinery from drawings and tracings previously prepared. The number of artisans in this department ranges from thirty to two hundred, according to the number and variety of new patterns required. This shop has the following dimensions:-Length, 60ft., width 80ft., and is divided into two bays, each 40ft. span. It possesses such varied machinery that the most delicate and complicated patterns in joiners' work can be performed without the application of hand tools, and the department is completely self-contained. We saw a pattern made entirely by machinery. It was composed of several kinds of wood, and had all the appearance of fine cabinet work. Several engines are employed to work the machinery. Among the machines in action we noticed particularly one of Worssam and Co.'s, of London-viz., a general joiner. It did its work admirably, planing, grooving, moulding to various dies, morticing, boring, and sawing with equal facility, and always with perfect accuracy. obtained. The whole of the bricks required THE YORKSHIRE ENGINE COMPANY. The iron and steel foundry occupies an area of 80ft. by 130ft. The metal is prepared in two cupolas capable of delivering ten tons at a charge or an aggregate of thirty tons a day. There is an excellent arrangement for facilitating the charging of the cupolas. A stage passes round each cupola at the height of 13ft. from the ground; the materials for charging being raised to this stage by means of machinery are regularly disposed thereon. Each cupola is 5ft. in diameter, and the air blast is communicated by means of a fan worked by steam. The castings for locomotive and ordinary engines vary from ten pounds to two tons, and for marine engines from ten pounds to sixteen tons. All the castings are made in separate boxes, which are so constructed as to leave a narrow space round the margin. This arrangement enables the sand or loam to be very tightly rammed, and thereby secures castings with a sharp edge and smooth surface. Provision is made for ten steam cranes and travellers for the purpose of conveying the metal to any part of the foundry and of removing the castings. Two of these cranes only are at present in operation. The smithy is divided into three bays of 40ft. span each, the principals being supported on iron columns. There are sixty hearths at work and three steam hammers in each bay. and carried to the height of 28ft. to the eaves, As stated, half the distance from the Shef- 1 1 patent steam riveters, which is capable of securing a boiler 4ft. 2in. by 10ft. 6in. in one hour, and with comparatively little noise. This shop is fitted with traverses, jib cranes, and two travellers. The whole of the machinery in this department is worked by a high-pressure stationary engine-diameter of cylinder, 18in., length of stroke 2ft., diameter of fly-wheel 13ft., and nominal power forty horses. The system of heating the rivets is worthy of special notice. The furnace is heated by means of flues, complete combustion of the fuel is effected by causing heated air to pass over it at a distance of 2in. from the fire, and the supply of heat being regulated by a damper all the rivets are brought to an even and fixed temperature, and, as the power exerted by the riveting machine is constant, all possibility of a seam being unequally made, and consequently requiring to be caulked, is obviated. Every boiler, preparatory to being passed, is submitted by Mr. Alfred Sacré, the managing director, to a hydraulic test, exerting a pressure of 300lb. on the square inch, whereby the slightest flaw is detected and the practically perfect safety of every boiler is guaranteed. a diameter of 12ft., and six of 21ft. each. By these works. Every locomotive is brought to The boiler shop and brass foundry are now nearly completed, so that the buildings temporarily occupied as such will be forthwith applied to their legitimate objects. The boiler shop is attached to the erecting shop, and consists of two bays, each 40ft. wide by 130ft. long, and the brass foundry which adjoins consists of one bay 40ft. wide by 130ft. in length. The gas arrangements are most effective. The burners required are comparatively few, owing to the regard which has been paid to the laws of optics in their distribution. They are fixed at such a height, and in such posiThe turning shop is built in five bays, each tions, that by the laws of radiation and re400ft. long and 130ft. broad, the three centre flexion the maximum of light is obtained with ones being supported on iron columns. This the minimum consumption of gas. The machine and some other shops are paved with wood. and the light are always in juxtaposition with The blocks are circular in some, and of various the cutting tool. The service laid on to each forms in others. They are composed of larch workman is completely under his own control. or the sawn ends of deal, and are cut into six It comes direct from the adjacent main, and is inch lengths and firmly wedged in a stratum confined in a wooden box, the lid of which is of gravel and cinders, the substratum being fastened by screws. In the event of a leakstiff clay. Arrangements have been provided age, therefore, he has only to take out the four in this shop for the erection of a gallery about screws which secure the lid, when he can turn 17ft. from the floor, on which it is proposed to off his supply at the main without extinguishcarry on the lighter kinds of work. Whenever ing the lights of any other workman in the the erection of this gallery may be deemed ex-shop. pedient it can be done without interfering with the present machinery, or the work that may be going on on the floor. Each bay is set apart for a separate branch of the manufacture. The first bay is devoted to wheel lathes for heavy cuts. The second is used for the turning of crank axles, and the remaining three are occupied by smaller tools for light work, which is classed in divisions or sections. It is noticeable with how little noise the machines work, owing to the very exact manner in which they are geared. The motive power is furnished by two horizontal engines coupled, each having a cylinder of 18in. diameter, and a stroke of 24in. The fly-wheel is 13ft. in diameter, the boilers are worked at a pressure of fifty pounds, and the combined power is eighty horses. In one corner of this shop is a template shop. Fresh templates are made for each design, so as to secure exactitude in the formation of the various parts of a locomotive. Conveniently arranged also in one of the bays the operations of grinding, polishing, and buffing are carried on. In the steam-hammer shop, which is detached, there are three large hammers, of 10 cwt., 20 cwt., and 50 cwt. respectively. All the forging and stamping required is performed here. Nearly everything is forged in dies, and the work is rapidly, exactly, and cheaply done. The hammers are fitted with boilers over flues so arranged that the heat from the furnace passes through them before entering the stack. Each hammer is provided with a powerful crane and chain accessories for swinging the metal forgings to and from the tups. In the same building are a scrap cleaner, made of wrought iron, and a scrap cutter, the latter worked in eccentrics for cutting the scrap into equal pieces, each 4in. thick and 6in. long. The tyres are heated in furnaces specially prepared for the purpose, and a machine is provided for stretching the tyres in the event of the expansion not being sufficient or equal. This is done by means of a cone, worked by a screw, and securely fitted with wedges of cast iron of strong section, well-ribbed, placed at equal distances. The tyres are conveyed from the furnace to the stretching-block by a steam crane, which then removes the wheel from the permanent way, inserts it into the heated tyre, where, being properly fitted, it lifts the entire wheel and deposits it in the contracting tank. Eighty cottages have been built by the company for their workmen. Whatever additional house accommodation may be required will be provided by private speculators, and already much is being done in this direction. Those built by the company are really models of cottage comfort and accommodation, and have been specially pronounced to be such by the district surveyor. They certainly reflect the greatest possible credit upon the generosity of the company, and their marked consideration for the comfort of their workpeople. The sanitary arrangements, particularly those which have reference to light, drainage, and ventilation, are perfect. Some of the cottages contain five, and none less than four rooms each; and they are replete with all that a workman's family can require in a habitation. What is a marked improvement upon the character of such dwellings in Sheffield and its neighbourhood is, that each cottage has a separate enclosure in its rear, with the necessary out-houses. This judicious arrangement will not only prove a great convenience to the tenants, but it will amply repay the liberal proprieters, by indirectly promoting goodwill and harmony among the workmen, since it will preclude the possibility of bickerings which spring up almost invariably among families where their dwellings open upon an enclosure common to several tenants. When the extensions contemplated are carried out, it is calculated that in addition to marine and other engines this company will be able to turn out at least two hundred locomotives per annum. At present about 600 workmen are employed; but ultimately when the works are in full operation from one to three thousand will be required. It is only right to speak in the highest terms of the substantial character, excellent working, and high finish of the various and complicated machinery in operation. The latest improvements have in every case been adopted, and they have been constructed chiefly by Messrs. Fairbairn, Kennedy, and Naylor, Messrs. M'Lea and March, Messrs. Whitworth and Co., Messrs. Dunn and Co., Messrs. Sharpe, Stewart, and Co., Mr. J. Hulse, and Mr. De Bergue, all of Manchester; and Messrs. Smith, Beacock, and Tannett, and Messrs. Tannett and Walker, of Leeds. We cannot conclude this article without bearing our testimony to the urbanity temperature for nine hours, which suffices to of M. Alfred Sacré, the managing director, give them the desired superfacial hardness. and Mr. W. C. Stephens, the secretary of the Other portions of engines requiring this quality company; and to the readiness with which are similarly treated. It is held that by this these gentlemen furnished every facility for means double the ordinary durability is secured. enabling us thoroughly to examine these imOne most important object in the construc-portant works in their minutest details. tion of a locomotive is to see that the even balancing of the weight and its equal distribution on each separate wheel are secured, as unless these are regulated with the most scrupulous exactitude, the engine is never safe, The erecting shop covers an area 160ft. in length by 130ft. in breadth, and is divided into four bays, each bay having a span of 40ft., and being laid with a line of rails. It is being fitted with one of Ramsbottoin's rope traversers, the counterpart of the one in the Locomotive Works at Crewe. Taking into In order to give a good wearing surface, account the variations of the space required by and consequently greater durability to the a locomotive in the different stages of erection, journals of the axles, case-hardening is resorted as many as forty may be in progress in this to. For this purpose two of Dodd's patent shop at one time. The manufacture of tenders, furnaces have been erected. The journals are being work of a lighter character, will ulti-here subjected to the action of a graduated mately be carried on in a shop specially constructed for the purpose. It will consist of a single bay having a span of 50ft., and will be fitted with drills and all other necessary machinery. On the outside of the block, and near to the centre, a boiler-house is attached, in which are two very large egg-ended boilers for supplying the coupled engines referred to. Here is also a small engine for pumping water from the stream already mentioned into tanks for the supply of the boilers, and the general purposes of the establishment. On the east and much of the oscillation complained of by side of the suite of shops there is a railway railway travellers is due to the simple fact of siding, with a turn-table in front of each bay. the engine not being properly balanced. The These tables are sixteen in number; ten have greatest possible attention is paid to this at STRAINS IN GIRDERS. BY W. J. MILLAR. HEN a beam is loaded with a weight disWE posed upon it in any manner, whether uniformly distributed or otherwise, the action upon all the parts of the beam due to this load |