The Medical circular [afterw.] The London medical press & circular [afterw ...

By T. LAUDER BRUNTON, M.D., F.R.S.
PULSATION in the jugular veins is usually regarded as
a sign of tricuspid regurgitation, and therefore of grave
import. When I thus speak of pulsation in these veins,
I of course exclude the apparent pulsation produced by
the motion communicated to them by the pulsation of
the carotids, and refer only to pulsatile movements in the
veins themselves. Several writers have noticed that pul-
sations in the jugular veins may occur without any
cardiac lesion. Some have attributed these to contraction
of the right auricle, while others have supposed them to
be caused by the aorta pressing the blood out of the
Rosana R., æt. 22, cartridge maker, in following her
a close room. About twelve
intra-thoracic veins into the jugulars during its disten- occupation, stands in
months ago she began to get very pale. She had no
sion by the cardiac systole. Some observations which I fright, but during the course of the last year she has had
have made upon jugular pulsation have shown me that it much worry. The patient is markedly chlorotic; men-
is sometimes due to the distension of the aorta acting in struation is regular, but scanty; the bowels are consti-
a somewhat different way from that described by Fried-pated; tongue clean; appetite rather poor. There is an
anæmic murmur
rich. I cannot believe that the phenomena I have cardiac sounds are otherwise healthy. There is apparent
over the pulmonary cartilage; the
observed have previously been unnoticed, and I feel quite pulsation in the left jugular vein, none in the right.
sure that they must have been already described by older When either jugular is compressed, it fills very rapidly.
authors, although I have been unable to find an account On compressing the right jugular with the finger at each
of them in more recent works. These phenomena consist beat of the pulse, apparent pulsation is produced in it.
in apparent pulsation in the left jugular alone, while it is On first beginning to auscultate, the pulsation in the left
absent from the right. In the first case of this sort jugular was very distinct. The heart's action was some-
which I saw, the apparent pulsation was very marked what excited. As the agitation of the patient subsided,
in the left jugular. On comparing it with the right, I the pulsation in the left jugular diminished, and finally
noticed that it also appeared to be much fuller; and disappeared. It did not return when the patient walked
when I compressed it just above the clavicle, in order to across the room, but she could only be induced to do so
ascertain whether I could thus stop the pulsation, it slowly.

Elizabeth G., t. 19, is also very pale. For nearly nine months she has had a slight cough, and has been losing flesh. Her appetite is very poor; the bowels are regular; she has not menstruated for the last three months. Percussion sounds are normal. There is a slight click at the end of inspiration over the right infraclavicular region. The breath sounds are otherwise normal. There is a systolic bruit over the pulmonary cartilage; the heart's sounds are otherwise normal. Pulse, 150, when the patient is standing. The left jugular vein pulsates visibly, but only during expiration. During inspiration the vein empties completely. There is no pulsation in the right jugular, and that in the left is stopped by pressure above the clavicle. It may be imitated in the right jugular by pressure with the finger. There is no distinct venous hum.

Margaret B. came to the hospital complaining of weakness and nervousness. While in attendance, she began to suffer from vomiting, and, a week or ten days after the vomiting commenced, she spat a little blood. Her nose also bled frequently about seven in the evening There was no abnormal, pulmonary, or cardiac sound. On one occasion, a curious persistent contraction of the jugular vein was noticed at the place where her collar had pressed upon it.

In the case of Rosana R., the pressure exerted by the aorta on the left innominate vein was insufficient to produce the pulsation when the circulation was quiet, but it did so when it was excited by emotion. In that of Elizabeth G., it was insufficient to produce it when the thorax was dilated and the sternum raised by inspiration, but did so when the thorax had collapsed, and the steruum had fallen during expiration. In all of them the peripheral vessels were dilated, so that the vein filled very rapidly during compression, and but for this no appearance of pulsation would have been produced. These few observations may serve to direct attention to a cause of jugular pulsation, which, so far as I can find, is not generally recognised.

There is another venous pulsation which is also omitted from modern text-books, although it is to be found in the older writers. This, however, is not a simulated, but a real, pulsation, occurring in the pulmonary veins, and in the vena cava. Some time ago, Sir Joseph Fayrer and I found that occasionally the pulmonary veins and the vena cava in rabbits might be seen to pulsate rhythmically for a considerable time after the auricles and ventricles had become perfectly still. In one animal, all the cavities of the heart continued to beat for a considerable time after the thorax had been opened. The ventricles then stopped, but the auricles continued to pulsate, as well as the pulmonary veins. The veins and auricles both pulsated at the rate of 119 per minute, but the contractions were not synchronous. The auricles then ceased to beat, but pulsation continued in the pulmonary veins, and the ventricles again commenced, although the auricles remained perfectly quiet. The pulsation of the ventricles was at the rate of eight per minute; while in the pulmonary veins it was at the rate of 46 per minute. Both the superior and inferior vena cava in the same animal were found to be pulsating an hour and forty minutes after the thorax had been opened. From the inferior cava contraction spread like a wave over the right auricle, the ventricle being quiet. But after the auricle had contracted two or three times, the ventricle again commenced to pulsate. These rhythmical contractions of the pulmonary veins, and of the vena cava, occur in animals killed in various ways. Sir Joseph Fayrer and I observed them in animals killed by a blow on the head, by the action of cobra poison, and by the combined use of chloroform, atropia, and physostigma. They do not occur frequently, and the conditions under which they take place are at present unknown, and we are unable to say whether they occur in man at all. But it has been shown by observations on decapitated criminals that the inferior vena cava, as well as the

hepatic, portal, and several of the sub-plural pulmonary
veins, besides others, are strongly contractile. It seems,
therefore, not improbable that such contractions may
occasionally occur in the human subject. In one case, as
I have already said, Sir Joseph Fayrer and I noticed that
the contraction of the pulmonary veins was not synchro-
nous with that of the auricles. The ventricles, at this
particular time, were not pulsating, but, had they been
doing so, their contractions must needs have been syn-
chronous with those of the pulmonary veins. Supposing
that in a case of mitral regurgitation a similar rhythmical
contraction should occur in the pulmonary veins, a most
powerful obstacle would be opposed to the backward flow
of the blood, and the force of the current, driven by the
powerful left ventricle into the lungs, would be broken,
and the injurious effects it would otherwise produce be
greatly diminished. A similar action may be exerted by
the vena cava in cases of tricuspid regurgitation.
which occurred in the left jugular vein in Margaret B., at
We have already noticed the persistent contraction
the point where it had been compressed by the collar.
This constriction is an indication of one of the properties
possessed by veins which is little regarded in considering
the mechanism of the circulation-viz., that of contractility.
This property they possess to a very great extent, and it
is especially remarked in the smaller veins. In these, the
walls sometimes approach each other so closely as to com-
pletely obstruct the lumen (?), and altogether prevent the
flow of blood through the vein. In them, too, rhythmical
pulsations may frequently be noticed. The importance of
the venous contractility in reference to the maintenance
of the circulation in health and in disease is very great.
It is obvious that, if venous radicals contract, they may
oppose a resistance to the flow of blood in the capillaries,
and by thus increasing the pressure within them may
cause more fluid to exude from them into the tissues;
while, on the other hand, a rhythmical contraction may
forward the onward progress of the blood in the normal
condition, and may prevent some of the injurious effects
which are usually noticed in tricuspid regurgitation.
Everyone who has studied cases of chronic bronchitis must
have been struck with the variety of forms in which the
obstruction to the circulation manifests itself in them. In
one we find considerable cedema, but no albuminuria; in
another, great dyspnoea, with signs of pulmonary œdema,
although the legs may be very slightly, or not at all,
swollen. In the same case you may see the legs begin to
swell, and the pulmonary edema and dyspnoea at the same
time diminish. Such an occurrence I have observed in a
patient suffering from chronic bronchitis, and who was
apparently at death's door from an acute exacerbation of
the disease. This patient was obliged to sit upright in
bed, gasping for breath; the lips were purple, and all over
the lungs there was loud sybillis (?), and rhoncus, with
occasionally coarse mucous râles and final crepitation at
the bases of both lungs posteriorly. Notwithstanding the
interference with the circulation, there was but very
slight oedema of the legs. After the administration of an
emetic, followed by ipecacuanha and squill, the patient
was greatly relieved, but the cedema of the legs increased
temporarily. The increase did not, however, last long,
and the patient, from the moment of the administration of
the emetic, steadily recovered.

ceived very little attention, and therefore we are unable
The action of drugs upon the veins has hitherto re-
at present to bring together pharmacological experiment
and clinical observation so as to give us any efficient aid
in treatment. But it is probable that before very long
we may have some definite knowledge of the action of
drugs on the veins, which may help us in many cases,
where now we are sadly at a loss in the treatment of those
diseases in which venous engorgement plays a prominent

part.

THE SULPHUR SPA OF DONEGAL. By WILLIAM FAUSSETT, A.B., M.B., F.R.C.S.I., Clontarf, co. Dublin.

"There can be no question whatever that sulphur waters and sulphur baths do cure, and even better than any other mode of treatment, many diseases of the skin."-See Dr. Kennion, on Harrogate Waters, last edition.

A PAMPHLET, which I published in 1867, on the "Mineral Springs of Lisdoonvarna," had the effect of calling considerable attention to the medicinal value of those waters, and other writers drawing pretty freely on the information therein supplied them, have since confirmed those observations. A very careful and accurate analysis also of their chemical composition, has been made by Messrs. Plunkett and Studdert, who received a commission from the Royal Irish Academy for that purpose. The amount of sulphuretted hydrogen detected by these gentlemen was rather less than that computed by Professor Apjohn, but they discovered a trace of lithia, which however interesting in a chemical point of view, is perhaps too insignificant to have much therapeutic value attached to it as an agent in the cure of arthritic affections. Since the publication of the pamphlet in question, I have visited the several springs of Harrogate, Moffatt, Lucan, and Donegal, and have satisfied myself that compared with Lisdoonvarna the last three are in their action on the human organism, and most probably in their chemical constituents likewise, very similar, though, no doubt, differing to some extent in their actual proportions.

fessor of Physic in the University of Dublin, so wellknown for his accurate observation and sound judgment, first called my attention to the virtues of the Donegal spa, of which he seems to have himself had some personal experience.

Having subsequently communicated to him the result of a fortnight's sojourn there last autumn, I had the pleasure of receiving from him the following letter:2 Merrion Square, November 29th, 1878. have visited Donegal with benefit to your health. MY DEAR DR. FAUSSETT,-I am happy to learn that you

I consider that my own health was materially benefited by the internal and external use of the water during a visit I paid to the town some years ago. I have since sent several patients there with satisfactory results from the use of the spa and bath, and I think it much to be regretted on public grounds that these are not made more available, and their capabilities more generally known. Believe me, my dear Sir,

Dr. Faussett.

Very truly yours,

A. HUDSON.

The old town of Donegal, though impoverished by the want of trade and the absence of a landlord's fostering care, presents some features of interest.

The ruins of an old Castle and fine old Abbey, associated with the memories of by-gone days, call up many interesting reflections to the mind of a thoughtful tourist. The country around is prettily undulated, and in some places tastefully planted. The narrow bay, with its green islands in the distance, and its snug pier for the accommodation of small vessels, always affords abundant oppor

It is remarkable that none of these waters possess ape-tunities for boating and fishing. Car-hire is exceedingly rient or purgative properties, and may, therefore, be judged by some practitioners to be inferior in efficacy and power to the Harrogate sulphur springs.

When, however, we call to mind the fact that chloride of sodium, or common salt, is the principal aperient element in those renowned waters, and that this is a salt of all others which is rarely adopted in prescriptions, the question naturally arises, may not its absence be considered a gain, and may it not be advantageously replaced by some of those in more ordinary use, e.g., a finely pulverised salt, composed of equal parts of sulphates of soda and magnesia? A teaspoonful the dose, added to the spa in the first draught in the morning, will secure the desired effect on the bowels, while the more important action of the mineral is still retained. Dr. Sheil, of Ballyshannon, writes to me to say he had an analysis made of the sulphur spa of Donegal some years ago, by the late Dr. Aldridge, and that it was found to contain sulphur, sulphuretted hydrogen, and sulphates of lime, soda, and magnesia? Waters of this description, however, can never be conveyed to any considerable distance without losing some of their gaseous elements, as no method of corking, sealing, or otherwise securing them, will prevent a certain amount of decomposition; where perfect accuracy, therefore, is aimed at, the analysis must be made at the well's mouth.

The spa of Donegal, from its manifest strength and power, I regard as peculiarly suitable for warm baths, which can always be secured at the spa by giving timely notice to the caretaker. I am satisfied, also, that it is a most active and efficient alterative, removing effete matter from the blood through the emunctories of the skin, the lungs, and the kidneys.

Those several non-purgative springs, viz., of Donegal, Moffat, Lucan, and Lisdoonvarna, all act so rapidly and powerfully on the kidneys that in cases where it is desirable to keep these organs at rest, as in albuminuria, Bright's disease, &c., their use is undoubtedly contra-indicated. Again, should there exist an enlargement of the third lobe of the prostate gland, and that the bladder happened to fill up suddenly and rapidly, retention of urine, as I have known happen, would probably be the

consequence.

Dr. Hudson, the present distinguished Regius Pro

moderate, and with single, and sometimes tandem, horses, however diminutive in size, an excursionist can manage to visit many places of interest at a very moderate expense. Lough Esk Castle, within three miles of the town, the residence of Mr. Brooks, is a spot of most exquisite beauty, presenting, within a narrow compass, all the elements of wood, mountain, and lake, that can possibly combine to make a landscape lovely. Mr. Brooks himself, who looks a fine exemplification in green old age of a most healthy locality, informed me that some of the neighbouring inhabitants are remarkable for great longevity; in one instance, an humble individual of the poorer farming class, having attained to the extraordinary age of 115. Mr. Brooks appeared to be of opinion that not only sulphur but chalybeate springs must abound in the neighbourhood, owing to the presence of sulphuret of iron ore in the greatest abundance.

The tourist or visitor to Donegal will always find excellent accommodation at Blain's Hotel, where, without any pretension whatever to style, every attention is given to comfort and good wholesome fare, with abundance of meat, fish, and fowl provided, both host and hostess being most attentive to their guests. Mr. Blain, having prior to his residence in Donegal, kept an hotel at Carrick, can afford much useful information as to the readiest mode of reaching that extraordinary region, abounding in scenery of almost inconceivable grandeur and sublimity, unsurpassed, in fact, for magnificence by any other in Europe. The mountain named "Slieve League," having an elevation of nearly 2,000 feet above the level of the sea, is an object which, from its stupendous height, is calculated to fill the mind of the most ordinary observer with wonder and with awe, while the splendid tints and colouring of the naked surface of the rock, when lit up with the sun's rays, present the most gorgeous sight that the human eye can rest upon. The reader will find a graphic description of this wonderful region in Mr. Henry Coulter's valuable and interesting work on the West of Ireland, written by him as the correspondent of Saunders' Newsletter in the year 1862, in which he quotes the glowing description of a very able writer from the Dublin University Magazine of September, 1866.

The town of Donegal is distant from the railway station B

of Ballyshannon about twelve miles; cars plying back and forward continually at the rate of sixpence per mile express, or even at a smaller rate with a party.

Clinical Records.

HOPITAL DU MIDI, PARIS. Amblyopia, symptomatic of Cerebral Syphilisation. By M. CHARLES MAURIAC, Physician to the Hospital.

(Concluded from page 405.)

THE weakness of sight had existed for about nine months, when the eyes of this patient were examined; it was not possible to determine in which eye it commenced, the condition of sight progressively deteriorated, but for some weeks remained stationary.

Many hypotheses might be indulged in, as to the probable cause of the lesion. The following are worthy of notice and comment.

1st. Can we admit that the optic nerves were compressed by a syphilitic exudation, or by a gummatous tumour ? This diagnosis naturally presented itself to the mind. But a tumour so large as to compress both the optic nerves would have also involved the adjacent nerves? We would then have ocular deviation and ptosis of the upper eyelid

on one or both sides.

2nd. Would it not be more logical to believe in a syphilitic lesion, having its seat in the corpora geniculata, the tubercular quadrigemina, optic thalami, or the posterior part of the foot of the column of Reil?

Such a lesion would, without doubt, have produced amaurosis, but would it not have been slower, less regular in its process, than in this patient?

Besides, would not other complications have shown themselves?

I may remark, that in this region, in the neighbourhood of the common bundle of all the sensitive and sensorial fibres, it must have been extraordinary, if a morbid production was so circumscribed as only to involve the visior. It must be confessed that one of the most obscure points of cerebral pathology is the real origin of the optic nerves, and the central lesions which may consequently atrophy them. If, with amaurosis, hemi-anaesthesia and hemichorea had existed, we might say, it is certain or probable that the seat of the lesion is in the part posterior of the peduncula. On the other hand, if there had been hemiopia, we might pronounce in favour of a probable lesion of the base touching the optic bandelette.

Right lateral hemiopia, that is to say, abolition of the right half of the field of vision of the right eye, or the right halves of the two retina, indicates a lesion of the right bandelette; and vice versa, for left lateral hemiopia. As regards temporal hemiopia, or loss of vision in the external half of each eye, it generally arises from a lesion having its seat in the anterior angle of the chiasma. In the patient under notice such lesions had not been observed. Excluding these two hypotheses, we should be led then to admit that the cause existed in some of the centres of innervation in the cortical layer of the hemispheres.

May we not believe, that the disorders of the eye and vision have some affinity of origin with the lesions from which result aphasia and right hemiplegia?

This appreciation would be too vague and hazardous, and I would not have put it forward, if some facts did not come to my support.

In a recent work, my learned colleague and friend, Dr. Luys, amongst many other interesting cases, reports the following

This patient died of some acute disease, and an ophthalmoscopic examination of eyes was not made. On examination of the brain after death the following characteristics were found: The optic nerves were notably atrophied, the right had a greyish tinge. The tubercula quadrigemina and corpora geniculata were also atrophied, similar lesions in optic thalami. But where M. Luys noticed remarkable peculiarities, was in the frontal convolutions. The first and second frontal, about two centimetres above their emergence from the sub-orbital lobe, presented some ulcerations formed by a very notable softening of the cerebral surface. They were surrounded by a very close vascular network, with adherence of the pia mater to the subjacent tissues.

M. Luys adds, that this was the third example he had met with of the coincidence of a general lesion with alteration of sight. Thus the functional suppression of vision had, in the three facts observed by M. Luys, been due to atrophic degeneration of a circumscribed portion of brain, and this was exclusively confined to the frontal convolutions.

Must we not conclude that a close anatomical connection exists between the optic nerves and the grey cells of the frontal lobes, and that this anatomical connection creates between the two parts a functional solidarity, so that when one of the portions is injured, the other shares in the lesion. And since atrophy of the optic nerve carries with it atrophy of the frontal convolutions, may not a reciprocal action take place? Is it not legitimate to suppose that atrophic complications and atrophy of the papillæ ? degeneration of the convolutions may produce amaurotic

Was not such the case in this patient? It was evidently the left frontal lobe which had been attacked by syphilitic determination. At the commencement at the epoch of the attack of aphasia and right hemiplegia-the principal seat of the lesion was the third left frontal. But it is possible, that by little and little, it extended to the neighbouring parts, attacking the centres which are in anatomical relation and physiological solidarity with the optic

MEDICAL ACTS AMENDMENT BILL.

THE Select Committee on the Medical Acts Amendment Bill held a fourth sitting on Friday, June 27th, when the further examination of Mr. John Simon, C.B., F.R.S., P.R.C.S., late Medical Adviser to the Privy Council, was proceeded with by Mr. Wheelhouse, the hon. member for Leeds.

THE OXFORD MEDICAL SCHOOL.

Mr. SIMON concluded that Oxford afforded only the preliminary scientific education of a medical student, but urged that an eminent distinction must be drawn between the education afforded, and the examination conducted, by the University. In discharging the latter duty outside assistance was examiner tested the capabilities of candidates for the Unisought, and men fully competent to undertake the office of versity degree.

IRISH STUDENTS.

Mr. WHEELHOUSE wished to know if the witness had heard

any complaints that the period of education had been so reduced in Ireland that students at some places in that country are permitted to qualify in a little over two years. Mr. Simon said he was not aware of any such fact, which if it existed, A woman, t. 66, lost successively, the sight of the would indicate a most improper state of things, and he thought right and left eye, whilst at the same time severe pain that in such a case as this the Medical Council should at once came on in left frontal region. She attributed her blind-enforce amendment, if it had the power to do so. Neither ness to excessive work at sewing. !

had he heard that students attending at some Irish educą.

tional institutions were not placed on the register, such registration being part of the duty of the branch Council for the country.

THE BRITISH MEDICAL ASSOCIATION

was referred to by Dr. CAMERON, as having very freely criticised the acts of the General Medical Council, which body it expressly charged with refusing to accept extended power of action. Mr. Simon replied that it was historical how the Medical Bill of 1870 had been wrecked, entirely through the attempt of the Association to force the abuse relating to direct representation, but that the General Council were entirely in accordance with the provisions of Lord Ripon's Bill, including that which would have conferred a greatly increased power on the Council. A considerable amount of evidence as to the General Council, which was given, was a mere recapitulation of that already published in abstract in these columns; but on the subject of a

CONJOINT SCHEME,

Among those present were Mr. Stansfeld, M.P., Mr. G. J. Shaw-Lefevre, M.P., General Waddington, Mr. Hopgood, Prof. Allen Thompson, Dr. Elizabeth Blackwell, Miss M'Laren, M.D., and Miss Louisa Stevenson. The Dean of ceedings, said, that this session terminated the second year the School, Mr. A. T. Norton, F.R.C.S., in opening the proof the School since its recognition as a school of medicine in association with the Royal Free Hospital. In all 56 students had entered the School since its foundation, of whom 11 joined in October last. Altogether 11 of these students were, or who had been partially, and one wholly educated here had would be, engaged in medical missionary work. Five ladies been registered as qualified medical practitioners. One lady had come back from Africa in order to obtain a medical degree, had studied at this School, obtained the licence of the

Miss Kenealy, and Miss Cradock.

King's and Queen's College of Physicians of Ireland, and had since returned to Livingstonia, on Lake Nyassa, to continue her missionary and medical labours. He was glad to say that, of the small number attending the School, 5 were preMr. SIMON said he did not approve a single Board for the University. In conclusion, he drew attention to the course paring themselves for the medical degrees of the London three kingdoms. He wished to see a separate Board constituted for each, with a general Board or Council of supervision. wished to complete their studies in such subjects without deof science lectures given at this institution to ladies who From this there might be a right of appeal to the Privy siring to become doctors. The prizes were then awarded, the Council. He could not agree with the British Medical Asso-principal prize winners being Miss Prideaux, Miss Marston, ciation that progress had been obstructed by the constitution of the General Medical Council, but, on the contrary, felt certain that the Medical Association was itself a prominent obstructive, as evidenced by its conduct in regard to the Bill of 1870. The witness then explained the nature of the opposition stirred up against the Bill, and described it as factious and impetuous, quoting in support of his theory some passages from the defunct Medical Mirror. He did not think plebescite votes by distributed papers at all a satisfactory method of ascertaining general opinion; and in regard to direct representation he closely followed Dr. Acland's testimony on the same point. Mr. Simon, while contending that the Council worked well, and will suffer from direct representation of the general practitioner on it, is of opinion that its numbers might be advantageously reduced, and its business thereby expedited. He is convinced that the powers at present vested in the Council are insufficiently large, and thereby its working is so far defective; but this in no way, according to him, affects its constitution. While dissenting from the universal suffrage proposal, he thinks that every man who enters the profession should be able to feel that on attaining a higher grade of qualification in the corporation that has licensed him, he will have a voice in electing the officers of his Society. And as these latter decide the representation on the Council, this choice will indirectly rest with the younger licentiates QUALIFICATION.

also.

Mr. SIMON said he admitted with regret that a great number of practitioners whose names were contained in the Register boasted only a single qualification. Dr. Lush then pointed out that of the six Crown nominees on the General Medical Council, five held only one qualification. Mr. Simon, while avowing himself as singly qualified (R.C.S.) said he believed that some of the gentlemen mentioned ought to possess surgical or medical licenses, as the case may be, but that they were accustomed to employ only one or other respectively. In former times, he continued, it was a caution to a man entering on surgery to beware of medicine, and vice versa; all these considerations must be taken into account in discussing the point raised by Dr. Lush.

ROYAL COLLEGE OF PHYSICIANS.

Mr. SIMON said that the Royal College of Physicians claimed, in virtue of an Act of Henry VIII., that its licentiates, members, or fellows might practice equally, medicine or surgery. This right is recognised by the Local Government Board, the Royal College of Physician's diplomas conferring a double qualification on the possessor. Some years ago, he added, the College of Physicians obtained the assistance, since continued, of Fellows of the Royal College of Surgeons, in examination of candidates for its diplomate. No examination exists for the Fellowship of the College.

SCHOOL OF MEDICINE FOR WOMEN. LORD ABERDARE presided on Thursday at the annual distribution of prizes to students of the London School of Medicine for Women, 30 Henrietta Street, Brunswick Square.

the same cause at heart upon the progress made in the move-
Lord Aberdare congratulated the meeting and all who had
matters in which such equality was desirable.
ment to place women on a social equality with men in all
He alluded
versity of London so as to admit ladies to all degrees of the
more especially to the enlargement of the charter of the Uni-
University. The Royal Free Hospital, with which this
School was connected, had been recognised as a medical
school by the Senate of the University of London, so that at
last the principal obstacles which had prevented their progress
had been effectually removed. He was glad to say that the
Medical Acts Amendment Bill had been somewhat improved
in its passage through the House of Lords, and he hoped that
any objectionable clauses remaining would be removed in the
rendered to this institution and to society by the efforts of
other House. In conclusion, he dwelt upon the great service
those, and of the ladies especially, who had opened a medical

career to women.

treasurer, said that including cash in bank, £744 from subMr. Stansfeld, in making a financial statement as honorary scriptions, and £742 from students' fees, the receipts for the year were £2,197, and the expenditure, including subscriptions to the Royal Free Hospital of £315, amounted to £2,125. After speaking at some length on the financial position of the school, he called attention to the scholarships. Besides their own entrance scholarship, there was one founded by the Birmingham Ladies' Association for the Education of Women, worth £30 a year, and tenable for three years; and another bestowed by the National Association for Promoting the Education of Women-a society having their headquarters at Edinburgh. He also acknowledged a donation of twenty guineas from the Clothworkers' Company. The school was greatly indebted to the hon. secretary, Mrs. Thorne, for her self-sacrificing labours to secure the success of the institution. As to the Medical Acts Amendment Bill, that measure was before a Select Committee, and there was practically no chance that the Bill would pass the House this session. Knowing the amount of professional jealousy-indeed of male jealousy-which the Bill had excited, he was sure that it would be necessary to watch its provisions closely.

tion of the meeting with the progress made by the school Mr. Shaw-Lefevre moved a resolution, declaring the satisfac during the year. Mrs. Westlake seconded the motion, which was supported by Mr. Critchett and carried unanimously.

OPENING OF THE PARKES MUSEUM OF HYGIENE.

A NUMEROUS and brilliant company assembled last Saturday at University College, Gower Street, to assist at the inauguration of the Parkes Museum of Hygiene. The Right Hon. R. A. Cross, Secretary of State for the Home Department, presided. He was supported by the Right Hon. Viscount Cranbrook, Secretary of State for India, His Grace the Duke of Northumberland, Earl Fortescue, Cardinal Manning, Sir Thomas Watson, Sir William Jenner, Professor Huxley, the Council and Staff of University College, &c, The right hon

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