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gauge of the line is preserved by tie-rods, in the usual manner, and the rails and bearers must be laid so as to break joint with each other.

Claim. - The several constructions and combinations of longitudinal bearers and rails described.

BENJAMIN HYAM, of Manchester, tailor and clothier. For certain improvements in the method of fastening down trousers or other articles of wearing apparel. Patent dated April 26, 1851.

The improved method which forms the subject of this patent is equally applicable to trousers, gaiters, overalls, &c., and consists in the employment of an elastic band attached to the lower back part of the arti. cle, and passing around the front of the heel of the boot, so as to keep the trousers down to the heel, and prevent their rising.

Claim. The fastening down of trousers and other similar articles of wearing apparel, by the employment of a strap of India-rubber, or other suitable elastic material attached to the lower extremity thereof in such manner as to draw the back part of the same close to the heel of the boot, the said strap acting against the front part of the heel of the boot or shoe, instead of under the sole as customary.

JOHN COOPE HADDAN, of Bloomsbury. square, civil engineer. For improvements in the permanent way of railways, in railway and other carriages, and in the manufacture of papier maché to be used in making carriages and other articles. Patent dated April, 26, 1851.

1. The "improvements in the permanent way of railways," consists in constructing it of two forms of rails or bars of iron to be used with each other, one form constituting the rail and part of the sleeper, and the other form the remaining portion of the sleeper. The two portions are connected together at an obtuse angle, at the apex of which is the rail, and the tie-rods are so formed, as not only to preserve the gauge of the line of rails, but also the angle at which the two portions which constitute the rail and bearer are in the first instance set. In constructing permanent way according to this invention, care must be taken to make the junction of the two "forms or bars of iron" break joint with each other respectively.

2. The improvements in "railway carriages," consist in constructing their sides or ends, or other parts by combining or cementing pieces of any suitable composition, or other material squeezed, pressed, or moulded, so as to constitute the framing and covering, or the framing covering and lining. Mr. Haddan prefers to employ for

this purpose papier-maché pulp, which he moulds to the required shape, forming also at the same time any mouldings, or ornaments which may be desired. The moulded framing, panels, &c., formed in this manner are, when dry, to be saturated with linseed oil, and baked, in order to render them waterproof, as is well understood. Or, instead of producing the framing, &c., by the method just described, sheets of papier maché may be employed, and the mouldings, cornices, or ornaments produced by cementing on successive slips of paper, until the required form is obtained.

3. The improvements in "other carriages," are improvements upon a design provisionally registered by Mr. Haddan, February 1, 1851, for " a handle apparatus for omnibus roof," and consist in connecting the upright and horizontal portions of the hand rail, by a curved or elbow piece, so that the hand of a person mounting the roof of an omnibus may be slided freely along the said rail, and in jointing the rail to the roof by a hinge, or other contrivance, so that when not required for use, or when the carriage is passing under a gateway, the rail may be folded down flat upon the roof.

4. The " improvements in" the manufacture of papier maché, consist in forming sheets thereof by cementing together suc. cessive layers of paper, by means of Jeffrey's marine glue, or other suitable composition, each sheet as laid on is subjected to pressure under a steam-heated surface, to express the superabundant cement, and evaporate the volatile portions of the same, when the pressure is removed, another sheet of paper is cemented on, and this process is continued until sufficient thickness has been obtained. When the paper is of so absorbent a nature as to neutralize the effect of the cement, the sheets should be saturated with coal tar, naphtha, or other suitable material, previous to their being cemented together.

JAMES NASMYTH, of Patricroft, engi. neer, and HERBERT MINTON, of Stokeupon-Trent, China manufacturer. For improvements in machinery or apparatus to be employed in the manufacture of tiles, bricks, and other articles from disintegrated or pulverized clay. Patent dated Apri 26, 1851.

The machinery which forms the subjec of this patent is so contrived as to effect the supply and compression of the clay-dust between the dies and the removal of the finished brick by the continuous rotation of the main shaft. The upper die, by which the compression is effected, is actuated by an eccentric, and thus a pressure is obtained which is well calculated to cause the complete expulsion of air from amongst the

particles of clay; and two cams on the same shaft, with the aid of lever connections, cause the movements of the lower die and moulding plate necessary for raising the finished brick, and bringing the moulding plate along the surface of the table in a fit position to receive a new supply of pulverized material. The continuous rotation of the shaft then causes the descent of the upper die upon the lower one, which will by this time have arrived at its position of rest, and a repetition of the several movements just described again takes place. The whole apparatus may, if thought desirable, and in order to effect the more perfect exclusion of atmospheric air from the brick or article in process of formation, be placed in a chamber from which the air has been exhausted. The hopper would, in that case, require to be elongated to such an extent as to allow its top to project above the air-tight chamber.

Claim.-The employment or use of mechanical power, in the condition of continuous rotary motion, to produce a reciprocating action for the purpose of consolidating or compressing disintegrated or pulverized clay into the form of bricks, tiles, and other like articles, and to perform the other several functions of the machine, successively as described, and also (if preferred) the placing of the said press, when employed for the purposes named, in a chamber from which the air has been extracted.

BENJAMIN WILLIAM GOODE, RICHARD BOLAND, and JAMES NEWMAN, of Birmingham. For improvements in chains, chain-pins, swivels, brooches, and other fastenings for wearing apparel. Patent dated April 29, 1851.

1. These improvements consist in employing a chain in combination with a cap or shield of a pin. The chain is attached to the pin by means of an eye of sufficient size to admit the chain to pass freely through it, and an ornamental drop is fixed at one end of the chain, which drop has a hook or other fastening to connect it to a part of the chain intermediate of the two ends, so that when so connected the cap shall be held secure on the point of the pin, and the pin will be retained in the dress till the hook is released. The novelty of this part of the invention consists in combining a cap or shield by means of a chain to a pin, as described.

2. The invention consists in raising pieces of sheet metal into such forms that when soldered or brazed together they shall form connected links of a chain; and it is the forming chains in such manner which constitutes this portion of the invention.

3. With relation to "swivels," several

improved or novel modes of construction are described. The first improvement consists in forming the swivel with a part of its ring attached to a sliding bolt moved by a spring, which has a tendency to keep the ring of the swivel in an unbroken state; by pressing down the sliding bolt, the swivel is opened, and again closes when the pressure is removed. Another improvement in swivels consists in using a sliding bolt or pin to lock that part of the ring which opens; in this case also a spring is employed to keep the parts together. A third improvement consists in causing part of the ring to move laterally on an axis, the two portions being held in their closed position by a screw or spring; and a fourth improvement consists in forming one portion of the ring of a swivel to slide within the other part in the manner of a bolt, the sliding portion being kept in its closed state by means of a coiled spring.

4. The improvements have relation to brooches, and consists in protecting the points of the pins by shields which are acted on by springs, several modifications of this arrangement being shown. Under this branch of the invention, the patentees also specify an improved fastening which consists of two ornamental buttons or surfaces, each provided with pins like brooches, and connected together by a strip of elastic material. The use to which this fastening is applied is to connect together two parts of a dress or other article of wearing apparel.

5. An improved fastening for bracelets, the ends of chains, &c., is described. The fastening consists of a hook-and-eye and a slide, by which the parts are prevented from becoming disconnected.

6. The improvements have relation to covered or other buttons in which the shank consists of a cross-bar of metal, the shell of the button being in the form of a ring. The bar is formed with forked or open ends, and the connection between the shank and shell is effected by compressing the open ends of the bar, so as to embrace that part of the ring or shell which has been placed between the forked ends.

HENRY LUND, Esq., of the Temple, engineer. For improvements in propelling. Patent dated April 30, 1851.

This invention consists of an improved under-water propeller, a full description of which, with engravings, will be given in an early Number.

PHILIP WEBLEY, of Birmingham, manufacturer. For improvements in the manufacture of boots and shoes, and in rendering the said manufacture waterproof; also in the machinery and materials to be used therein. Patent dated April 30, 1851.

The improvements comprehended under this patent are-

1. A method of fastening on the heels of boots and shoes by means of a double-acting press, by which the holes are pierced, and the nails necessary for securing the parts together inserted.

2. A new manufacture of rasped leather and India-rubber or gutta percha, which the patentee calls "compound leather." The parings and waste pieces of leather are employed for this purpose, which, having been washed, are formed into blocks with suitable adhesive matter, rasped, again washed to remove the glue, dried, and mixed in a suitable apparatus with gutta percha or India-rubber, and then pressed into sheets, which are afterwards to be employed in the same manner as ordinary leather.

3. A method of waterproofing boots and shoes by means of thin sheets of gutta percha, which are warmed on a last to bring to the exact shape of the boot or shoe to which they are to be applied.

Claims.-1. The application and use of a double-acting press for the purposes named.

2. The application and use of perforated pieces or slides containing piercers and mandrils, either separately or combined.

3. The application and use of a press, in combination with perforated pieces or slides containing piercers and mandrils, or either.

4. The system or mode of treating the scraps or parings of leather in the manner described, and the mode of reducing them to pulp or raspings.

5. The use of scraps or parings of leather, combined with or united by gutta percha or caoutchouc.

6. The system or mode of waterproofing boots and shoes.

PETER ARMAND LECOMTE DE FONTAINEMOREAU, of Finsbury and Paris. For improvements in the manufacture of fuel. (A communnication.) Patent dated May 3, 1851.

This invention consists in manufacturing charcoal from the small branches of trees, annual plants, all kinds of refuse of wood, such as tan, shavings, saw-dust, &c., and in combining the same with other inflammable substances.

The branches are, in order to their conversion to charcoal, subjected to several different operations; the first of which consists in partially carbonising them to facilitate their subsequent pulverisation; the next operation is to pulverize the carbonized branches, which is effected by means of rollers revolving around a centre in a circular trough; they are then impregnated with coal-tar, or other similar bituminous or resinous substances, and well mixed into a paste; the

mixture is then compressed into blocks, which are finally subjected to carbonization in close pots in a suitable furnace, into which the pots containing the moulded charcoal are introduced on carriages running on rails laid down in its interior. The pots are placed on the carriages, two of which are introduced into each furnace, and the process of carbonization is effected by the heat generated by the ignition of the gases arising from the moulded charcoal. When the charcoal ceases to give off any gas, the process is considered completed.

Coke-dust may be also treated in a similar manner, and a good fuel thereby produced, the quality of which may be improved by the addition of coal-dust in quantities varying according to the nature of the product desired. A charcoal having a metallic sound may be produced by treating cokedust of good quality as above described, and then immersing it in coal-tar, and subjecting it to carbonization in closed vessels, repeating the immersion and carbonization until it ceases to increase in weight.

In order to obviate the difficulty which occasionally exists in igniting charcoal of a close texture, the patentee sprinkles the blocks, previous to the final carbonization, with a solution of some salt capable of melting, crackling, or decomposing under the influence of heat; or he mixes the salt with the charcoal in a state of powder, and thereby produces in the carbonized blocks an artificial porosity.

Claims.-1. The carbonizing the small branches of trees and other animal plants, and the refuse of all ligneous substances, by means of the apparatus described.

2. The pulverizing of carbonized small branches of trees and animal plants, and the refuse of all ligneous substances, as de

scribed.

3. The mixing of carbonized and pulverized small branches of trees and animal plants, and the refuse of all ligneous substances by means of the apparatus described.

4. The moulding of carbonized, pulverized and mixed small branches of trees, animal plants and refuse, and all ligneous substances, by means of apparatus described.

5. The mode of carbonizing in close vessels the carbonized, putrefied (sic in orig.) mixed and moulded small branches of trees, animal plants and refuse of ligneous substances by means of the apparatus described.

6. The mode of rendering charcoal more easily inflammable by means of an artificial porosity. (By a clerical error the word "animal" is throughout the claims substi tuted for "annual.")

WEEKLY LIST OF NEW ENGLISH PATENTS.

Thomas Greenwood, machinist, and James Warburton, worsted spinner, both of Leeds, York, for certain improvements in machinery for drawing and combing wool, silk, flax, hemp, and tow. November 3; six months.

George Fergusson Wilson, manager of Price's Patent Candle Company, Vauxhall; David Wilson, of Wandsworth, Esq.; James Childs, of Putney, Esq.; and John Jackson, of Vauxhall aforesaid, gentleman, for improvements in presses and matting, and in the process of and apparatus for treating fatty and oily matters, and in the manufacture of candles and night-lights. November 3; six months.

Francois Marie Lanoa, of Paris, for improvements in apparatus for holding and drawing off aërated liquors, and in machinery for filling vessels with aërated liquors. November 3; six months.

Henry Vigurs, of Camden-town, Middlesex, engineer, for improvements in buffers, grease-boxes, axle-boxes, and springs, and in appendages to railway engines and carriages. November 4; six months.

Jules Francois Dorey, of Havre, in the Republic of France, gentleman, for improvements in illuminating the dials of clocks and other instruments in which dials are employed. November 4; six months.

Theodore Kosmann, of Cranbourne-street, Middlesex, for improvements in brooches and other dress fastenings. November 4; six months.

Henry Hussey Vivian, of Llangollen, Glamorgan, Esq., for improvements in obtaining niekel and cobalt. November 4; six months.

Joseph Robinson, of the Ebbw Vale Iron Company, and Charles May, civil engineer, of Gt. George-street, Westminster, and William Thomas Doyere, civil engineer, of Euston-square station, for improvements in the permanent way of railways. November 6; six months.

George Dismore, of Clerkenwell-green, Middle sex, jeweller, for improvements in locks. November 6; six months.

Robert Beswick, of Tunstall, Stafford, builder for certain improvements in the making or manu. facturing brick and tiles, or quarries, and in constructing ovens or kilns for burning or firing bricks," tiles, and quarries, and other articles of pottery and earthenware. November 6; six months.

Alexander Doull, of Greenwich, Kent, civil engineer, for certain improvements in railway construction. November 6; six months.

Michael Leopold Parnell, of 32, Little Queenstreet, Holborn, Middlesex, ironmonger, for certain improvements in locks. November 6; six months.

William Thomas, of Exeter, Devon, engineer, for certain improvements in the construction of apparatus and machinery for economizing fuel, and in the generation of steam, and in machinery for propelling on land and water. November 6; six months.

WEEKLY LIST OF DESIGNS FOR ARTICLES OF UTILITY REGISTERED.
Date of No. in
Registra- the Re-
tion. gister.
Oct. 31 3002

Nov. 3 3004

Addresses.

Subjects of Design. Enamelled gas cooking apparatus.

Portable flax - breaking and

scrutching mill.

Drain pavement.

Metallic bed-sacking.

Proprietors' Names.

Deane, Dray, and Co... London Bridge

[blocks in formation]
[blocks in formation]

4 3005

Edward Phipson

... Birmingham

3006

W. Reichenbach

"

... Borough-road

[blocks in formation]

Littlebury, Saffron Waldon

Reflector gas-lamp. Bee-hive.

9

3008

3009

"

F. S. Bremmer.......... Camden-town
Henry Woolf

Houndsditch

Oblique pen-holder. Easy cap.

[blocks in formation]

LONDON: Edited, Printed, and Published by Joseph Clinton Robertson, of No. 166, Fleet-street, in the City of London- Sold by A. and W. Galignani, Rue Vivienne, Paris; Machin and Co., Dublin; W. C. Campbell and Co., Hamburg.

VOL. LV.

Fig. 1.

MUSEUM, REGISTER, JOURNAL, AND GAZETTE.

No. 1475.]

SATURDAY, NOVEMBER 15, 1851. [Price 3d., Stamped, 4d.

Edited by J. C. Robertson, 166, Fleet-street.

¡ROSS'S PATENT IMPROVEMENTS IN WOOL.COMBING MACHINERY.

Fig. 2.

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