hind head, and two on the front of the thorax. Antennæ black, and rather long. Expansion of the wings about 3 inches.

Female. Very similar to the male, but differs in having the first band formed of smaller dots, and sometimes they are almost obsolete on the inferior wings, whilst the blue lunules are larger and more distinct. Expansion of the wings, about 4 inches; but, in many specimens, there is little difference of any kind between the two sexes.

The Caterpillar very much resembles that of the English P. Machaon. It is of an apple green, with a transverse band upon cach segment, formed by alternate black and yellow spots, except upon the three first, where the black band is only interrupted by the yellow points towards the stigmata. Whilst upon the back they are in front of the black ban, and not in a line with it. Besides this, there are three black do s upon the anterior part of the first segment, and two lines of the same colour upon the head. Tue feet have the crown or suckers black, with a s, ot of the same colour at the base. Like all the other larvæ of this genus, it is furnished with an orange-coloured forked organ on the top of the segment behind the head. The figure in Boisduval's work on the North American Butterflies is not well coloured, and does not give a good idea of it. This Larva lives on the carrot (Daucus carota,) upon fennel (anethum feniculum,) and upon many other of the Umbelliferæ. About Montreal we have frequently met with it in gardens, on Parsley, and on a plant called “Everlasting Celery." Emmons mentions it as being found in the month of June, whilst we have observed it at the beginning of September; but there are two broods in the year, the autumnal one passing the winter as pupae and producing those specimens of the Butterfly which we first see in Spring.

The Chrysalis is at first pale green, but soon changes to brownish white, with darker markings. The summer brood or broods (for Boisduval says there are three during the season) pass on'y about a fortnight in the pupa state. This species is so very subject to the attacks of Parasites that out of seven pupa which we kept one winter, not one produced the butterfly, but from each came out a large Ichneumon, with red body and legs, and steel blue wings, which made its escape by gnawing a large round hole in the side of the pupa. When the chrysalines are kept in a warm room through the winter, this parasite will often make its appearance as early as January or February.

The Butterfly frequents gardens, the vicinity of habitations, and every place where the umbelliferæ grow. It is common in Newfoundland, Virginia and Georgia, and is also found in the West Indies, and even in South America. It is however remarkable, that, although so numerous about Montreal, we have never observed it either at Sorel or Quebec, and Mr. Gosse did not meet with it in the Eastern Townships. It is said to be somewhat i regular in its appearance, being more abundant in some years than in others. It is not so strong a flier as P. Turnus, and is much more easily captured.

SPECIES II.-PAPILIO TURNUS.-TIGER SWALLOW-TAILED

c. The Chrysalis. d. The Caterpillar.

P. Turnus, Linné, Mant., p. 536, Holmiæ, 1771.

P. Turnus, Fabricius, Syst. Entom., p.452, n. 41, Flensburgi, 1775.

Spec. Inc. t. ii, p. 16, n. 66.

Mant. Ins., t. ii, p. 9, n. 76.

Hamburgi, 1781.
Hafnice, 1787.

Entom. Syst. Em., t. iii, pars. 1, p. 29, n. 86. Haf niæ, 1792-1794.

Herbst, Pap., t. xli., fig. 3, 4. Berlin, 1785-1806.

P. Turnus, Godart, Encyclop. method. Ins., t. ix., pars. 1, p. 56, n. 87, Paris, 1819-1821.

P. Turnus, Palisot de Beauvois, Ins. recueillis en Afrique et en Amer., vii. livrais, pl. ii.

P. Turnus, Hubner, Exot. Ausburg, 1806, &c.

P. Turnus, Boisduval, t. 1, p. 20, pl. 6, 7, fig. 1, 3. Paris, 1833. Emmons, Agri, New York, p. 201, pl. xxxviii., fig. 3.

Albany, 1854.

P. Alcidamas, Cramer, Pap., p. 62, pl. xxxviii., fig. A, B. Utrecht, 1782-1791.

This Butterfly is one of the largest of all those which are found in the New World. It is shaped like the English P. Machaon, but is very differently marked. All the four wings are pale yellow, with a rather broad black border. The anterior wings have the base, costal edge, and the nervures black. They have also four black transverse stripes: the first extending all across the wings from the costa to the inner margin; the other three are abbreviated. The border of these wings contains nine yellow spots. The posterior wings have an oblique linear band across the middle, from the costa to the anal angle, and joining the first stripe of the upper wings, and the nervure which closes the central cell is strongly marked with black; the inner margin is also black. The centre of the black marginal band is considerably powdered and tinged with blue, and contains six lunules, of which the first and last are fulvous, and the rest yellow. The anal angle is ornamented with four Innules respectively-yellow, black, blue and fulvous. The fore wings are slightly, and the hind wings very strongly, dentated; the notches of all are edged with yellow. The "tail" is moderately long, swollen at the tip and black, bordered on the inner side with yellow. The markings on the under side of all the wings are nearly the same as on the upper, but the colours are paler and more diffused; the black being considerably powdered with yellow scales, giving it a greenish tint; the yellow spots of the marginal band of the anterior wings are run into each other, forming a narrow stripe, bordered on each side by a blackish band. The lunules of the posterior wings are fulvous and the blue is more determined, and forms a narrow band separated from the fulvous lunules by a band of greyish black. The head, antennæ and legs, are black; palpi, yellow; thorax and abdomen black, longitudinally striped with yellow. Expansion of the wings, between 4 and 5 inches.

The Caterpillar is a fine velvety green on the back, whitish underneath, and the sides are whitish green, with seven green stripes placed obliquely. Between the fourth and fifth segments on the back, there is a transverse band, yellow in front and black be

hind; the third segment is ornamented on each side with a yellow eye-like spot, containing two blue pupils; the head is fleshcoloured, with the collar yellow. It feeds on a great many plants of the genus Prunus, principally on Prunus Virginianus, and Prunus Serotina (Choke-cherry.) Abbot frequently met with it on Ptelea Trifoliata; and Mr. Gosse in that charming work, the "Canadian Naturalist," mentions that he has taken it from willow, poplar, and bass-wood (Tilia yl bra,) but chiefly from brown ash; and that the young larvæ are bluish grey at each extremity, and white in the middle. He also says that "it spins a bed of silk so tightly stretched from one edge of a leaf to the other as to bend it up, so that a section of it would represent a bow, the silk being the string. On this elastic bed the larva reposes, the fore parts of the body drawn in so as to swell out that part of the body on which the eye-spots are very conspicuous." "Before it spins its button and suspending girth, it gradually changes colour to a dingy purple." The larva may be found in July and September. The Chrysalis is brown with many darker blotches, and has a conical point on the breast. This Butterfly appears twice in the year, those of the first brood having passed the winter in the pupa state. It is abundant throughout Canada aud the United States from end of May to end of July, and is found from Newfoundland to the Gulf of Mexico, and perhaps further.

In the early part of a Canadian summer, when the fragrant Lilacs are in full bloom, it is a glorious sight to see the tiny Humming birds flying over the blossoms in company with this splendid Butterfly, which is very partial to the flowers of that plant. It has, like many other spécies, a habit of assembling in numbers round wet places on roads, &c., and Mr. Gosse speaks of as many as fifty-two being seen together in one spot.

Explanation of the technical terms used in the description of the Butterflies:

OUTLINE OF WING. Costa, the front edge of each wingbase, the part of the wing nearest the body-hind margin, the edge furthest from the body-inner margin, the edge opposite the costa-tip, the part where the costa meets the hind-marginanal angle, where the hind-margin meets the inner-margin.

MARKINGS.-Longitudinal, extending in the direction from the base to the hind-margin of the wing, or from the head to the tail of the insect-transverse, extending from the costa to the

inner-margin of the wing, or from one side of the body of the insect to the other-spot, a regularly shaped marking of moderate size-dot, a minute round spot-band, a transverse marking, wider than a line and of uniform width-line, a fine thread-like marking, of uniform width-streak, stripe, an elongated marking not necessarily of uniform width-lunule, a crescent-like mark or spot-abbreviated, cut short-anal, of or belonging to the tail or that end of the body opposite the head-anterior, that which is in front or nearest the head-before the middle, between the middle and the base of the wing-behind, beyond the middle, between the middle and the hind-margin of the wing-bimucronate, having two sharp points-concave, that which is hollowed out, when the margin of the wing is curved inwards-convex, when the margin of the wing is curved outwards-denticulated, toothed or notched-dorsal, of or belonging to the back-fulvous, orange-tawny, or orange with a brownish tinge-furcate with two prongs or forked-lateral, of or belonging to the side -oblique, that which goes in a slanting direction-ocellated that which has a spot with a pupil, or eye-like centre-ventral, of or belonging to the belly.

PARTS.-Antennae, the horns-medial nervure, the middle rib vein, or nervure, between the costa and the inner marginnervure, rib, vein, or nerve, the framework of the wing-palpi the feelers, parts of the mouth-segments, rings or divisions of the body of the insect (a caterpillar consists of thirteen segments numbered from the head which is the first)-spiracles, stigmata, the breathing holes of the caterpillar placed along the sides above the feet-tarsus, the terminal portion of the leg-tentacles, (in the caterpillar) feelers like those of snails, &c.-thorax, the second part of the trunk or body, that part to which the wings are attached-tibia, the third portion of the leg-tubercles, small wart-like protuberances-ungues, claws.