wings 2 to 24 inches. The female differs from the male in having the black marginal band of the anterior wings broader, more deeply dentated internally, and divided by a series of large greenish yellow spots.

Some varieties of the male have only one pupil to the eyelet on the posterior wings, and are smaller than that described. Examples of the female sometimes occur, in which the parts usually yellow are greenish white, a circumstance which has led some authors to describe it as distinct under the name of Helice. American specimens differ but slightly from European, but are not of quite so deep a tint as the latter.

The caterpillar is green, with a lateral stripe varied with white and yellow, and with an orange dot on each segment. It feeds (in Europe) on medicago lupulina, cytisus austriacus, various species of trifolium and other leguminous plants.

The chrysalis is green, with a lateral yellow line, and several ferruginous dots.

This handsome species appears in spring, and a second time in autumn. It is not a common species in this country. We took a very fine female on Montreal Mountain, September 10th, 1856. It was flying in a very sluggish manner, and we caught it under a hat. Boisduval says it is found in Europe, Egypt, the coast of Barbary, Nepaul, Cachemere, Siberia and North America. In England, it occurs in the southern counties in considerable plenty, in certain years, while in others, scarcely an example is to be met with. It seems to prefer the vicinity of the sea, having been found more copiously along the south-eastern coast, particularly in the neighborhood of Dover than elsewhere.

Species 2.-Colias Chrysotheme. The small clouded yellow. Colias Chrysotheme, Godart, Encyclop. method. Ins., t. ix, pars 1, p. 103, n. 42. Paris, 1819-1821.

Colias Chrysotheme, Boisduval and Leconte, Ico. &c., des Lépidopterés de l'Amer., Sept. t. 1, p. 63. Paris, 1838.

Papilio Chrysotheme, Hubner, Europ. Schmett, tab. lxxxv, f. 426-428. Augsburg, 1796-1835.

This species resembles Edusa a little, but it is much paler, with the margin browner, divided on the anterior wings by fine yellow nerves; the fore wings have, moreover, the costa broadly yellow. The discoidal spot is narrower, transverse, slightly marked, and edged with a little red. The under side of the anterior wings nearly as in Edusa and the allied species, except that the discoidal

spot of the fore wings has the centre rather pupilled with silver The female is much paler than the female cf Edusa, and the yellow orange colour only occupies the disk of the fore-wings, the yellow spots which divide the dark margin are larger, more marked, and of a much paler yellow colour.

In Europe this pretty Colias is always smaller than Edusa, it is the contrary in North America, where it is rather larger than the latter. Boisduval says that this genus is divisable into two groups, C. Edusa belonging to the first, in which the males are provided with a glandular space or sac at the anterior edge of the hind wings near the base, whilst in the second group, to which C. Chrysotheme belongs, they are destitute of this sac. This species is found in Hungary, Styria, and Southern Russia. According to Boisduval it is more numerous about New York than Edusa; it appears in spring and in autumn, the second brood being most. We have never met with a description of the larva

numerous.

or pupa.

Species 3.-Colias Philodice. The clouded sulphur. Plate iv. fig. 2.-a, female; b, male; c, male underside. Colias Philodice, Godart, Encyclop. method. Ins., t. ix, pars 1, p. 100, n. 35. Paris, 1819-1821.

Colias Philodice, Boisduval and Leconte, Ico, &c., des Lépidoptéres, &c., de l'Amer. Sept., t. 1, p. 64, pl. xxi, fig. 1, 2, 3. Paris

1833.

Colias Philodice, Emmon's Agri., N. Y. Insects, p. 204, pl. xxxv, fig. 1, 2, 4, 9. Albany, 1854.

Papilio Anthyale, Hubner, Pap. exot., &c. Augsburg, 1806, &c. Male, the upper side of the wings sulphur yellow, with a rather broad black border, sinuated internally and drawn to a point on. the posterior wings, a little before the anal angle. The anterior wings have besides this an oblong black discoidal spot, and the posterior a pale orange spot about the centre of the wing. Under side, anterior wings fine yellow, very pale on the inner margin, and powdered with blackscales on the costa. The black discoidal submarginal spot has a white pupil, and there is a row of indistinct black spots parallel to the hind margin; posterior wings of a deeper tint than the anterior, with two coalescing, central ocelli having a ferruginous iris and silvery pupil; they have also a curved row of ferruginous spots parallel to the hind margin, a ferruginous spot at the basal angle, and another in the middle of the costal edge; all the wings strongly fringed with

rosy; the body, autennæ, &c., as in other species of the genus. The female differs from the male in the following manner :-General colour slightly paler; the black band of the fore-wings is not so well defined, browner, and interrupted by a series of yellow spots; the corresponding band on the hind wings is almost obsolete, and underneath these wings are of a dirty yellow colour instead of being fineorange as in the male.

The caterpillar is stated to be green, with yellow lines and black dots, and feeds on the various trefoils; we have never seen it.

This butterfly is one of our most abundant species. In September we have seen more than twenty pitched at the same time on a bush of Michaelmas daisy, and in some parts of Canada the fields look almost yellow with their dancing forms. It is fond of pitching in muddy spots on roads, sometimes assembling in such places in considerable numbers. It is much more numerous at Sorel than about Montreal, but is very generally distributed over the whole of North America. It appears at the beginning of June, and having several broods during the season, worn individuals linger on to the end of October, even to the confines of our desolate winter.

NOTE. Since writing the above, we have taken near Laprairie a curious variety of the female Colias Philodice. It is only about half the usual size, and the ground colour of the wings is dirty white, with scarcely any tinge of yellow. The marginal black band on the anterior wings is very broad, but pale and unbroken by yellow spots. The eentral discoidal spot on the underside of the posterior wings has three pupils the third rather indistinct.

MISCELLANEOUS.

OBITUARY.-In our last number we had the melancholy duty of announcing the death of Mr. W. C. Redfield, the meteorologist; and before another month had elapsed, two more men from the ranks of science, highly esteemed for their excellence of character as well as successful labors, had passed away,-Prof. BAILEY of West Point, and Prof. TUOMEY of Alabama.

Prof. Bailey had long been failing under a relentless consumption, and finally died on Thursday, the 26th of February last. For many months his voice had been reduced to a whisper; yet

E

his mind was active, and as late as our last number (March,) we published a contribution to science from him, as the result of his recent microscopic researches. Feebleness of health prevented his being present at the meeting of the American Association at Albany in July 1856; but the Association in view of his high attainments and valuable researches elected him President for the following year, an honor well merited; for few men in the land have exerted a wider and more beneficial influence on the science of the country.

Prof. Bailey, although a proficient also in chemistry, mineral. ogy, and botany, had been especially devoted to microscopic research, and with the exception of what Ehrenberg has done, the microscopic geology or "micro-geology" of this country has been mainly worked out by him. His first communication to this Journal, was published in 1837, and although chemical, it indicated that delicacy of manipulation which fitted him for microscopic researches. It related to the use of grasshoppers' legs as a substitute for frogs in galvanic experiments. In volume xxxv. (1839,) commence his papers on fossil Infusoria, which were continued through many of the following volumes, down to the current year, and are too well known and appreciated to require remark at this time. The Continent along its Atlantic and Pacific borders and over its interior has passed under his microscope, and delighted him with many beautiful forms of life which had never before greeted a human eye. And lately, the ocean's bottom in the Atlantic to a depth of 1200 feet, and about the North Pacific to 16000 feet, has devleoped wonderful facts before his investigations. Prof. Bailey has also done a vast deal towards raising the standard of microscope manufacture through his discriminating use of tests, and his influence. His scale for microscopic slides by which the positions of the invisible specimens are exactly noted, is a happy thought well carried out. In these and various other ways, microscopy is vastly indebted to his labors. Mr. Bailey at his death was Professor of Chemistry, Mineralogy and Geology in the U. S. Military Academy at West Point. His life without reproach, his gentleness and modesty, his earnestness for truth rather than self, his untiring energy even when his physical system seemed to be dissolving away from his spirit, make at character that excites love as well as admiration.

Prof. TUOMEY.-Prof. M. Tuomey died at Tuscaloosa on the 30th of March last. He had been one of the active geologists of the Southern States, and among them had taken the lead through his researches and publications. In 1844 he was put in charge of the Geological Survey of South Carolina, and four years afterward published his final Report in a large quarto volume. The Report treats of the various crystalline rocks and their metalliferous veins or ores, and dwells at length on the Cretaceous and Tertiary beds which had been with him more special subjects of study. In his survey, he brought out many facts of prominent interest, illustrating important principles in the geology of the continent and the history of seashore deposits.

The state of South Carolina is remarkable geologically for containing nothing of the carboniferous formation (unless metamorphosed ;)excepting the middle secondary red sandstone, which he traced from North Carolina to a distance of four or five miles into South Carolina where it is associated with trap dykes as in the Connecticut valley, there are no stratified rocks, yet observed between the metamorphic bed and the Cretaceous.

Subsequently, Prof. Tuomey was appointed to the Chair of Geology of the university of Alabama at Tuscaloosa and to the charge of the Geological Survey of that State, which positions he held when he died. He has been actively engaged in his explo rations during the year past, and both the State and the University have experienced a great loss in his decease. In connection with Dr. F. S. Holmes he has had in hand the publication of a splendid work on the Fossils of South Carolina, which has not been surpassed in the country for the beauty of its palæonto logical illustrations. Geological science is greatly indebted to Prof. Tuomey's zeal and fidelity, and has occasion for mourning that his labors have ceased.-" Sillimans Journal."

DR. SCORESBY, the veteran of Artic enterprise, died at Torquay, England, on the 21st of March last, after a lingering illness.