With a good old fashion, when Christmas was come,
To call in all his old neighbours with bagpipe and drum,
With good cheer enough to furnish every old room,
And old liquor able to make a cat speak and a man dumb;
Like an old courtier, &c.

With an old falconer, huntsman, and a kennel of hounds,
That never hawk'd nor hunted but in his own grounds,
Who, like a wise man, kept himself within his own bounds,
And when he died gave every child a thousand good pounds;
Like an old courtier, &c.

But to his eldest son his house and lands he assign'd,
Charging him in his will to keep the old bountiful mind,
To be good to his old tenants, and to his neighbours be kind;
But in the ensuing ditty you shall hear how he was inclined;
Like a young courtier of the king's,

And the king's young courtier.

Like a flourishing young gallant, newly come to his land,
Who keeps a brace of painted madams at his command,
And takes up a thousand pounds upon his father's land,
And gets drunk in a tavern till he can neither go nor stand;
Like a young courtier, &c.

With a new-fangled lady, that is dainty, nice, and spare,
Who never knew what belong'd to good house-keeping, or care
Who buys gaudy-colour'd fans to play with wanton air,
And seven or eight different dressings of other women's hair;
Like a young courtier, &c.

With a new-fashion'd hall, built where the old one stood,

Hung round with new pictures that do the poor no good;

With a fine marble chimney, wherein burns neither coal nor wood, And a new smooth shovel-board, whereon no victuals ne'er stood;

Like a young courtier, &c.

With a new study stuft full of pamphlets and plays,

And a new chaplain that swears faster than he prays,

With a new buttery hatch that opens once in four or five days,
And a new French cook to devise fine kickshaws and toys;

Like a young courtier, &c.

With a new fashion, when Christmas is drawing on,

And a new journey to London straight we all must be gone,
And leave none to keep house but our new porter John,

Who relieves the poor with a thump on the back with a stone;

Like a young courtier, &c.

With a new gentleman usher, whose carriage is complete;

With a new coachman, footmen, and pages to carry up the meat;
With a waiting gentlewoman, whose dressing is very neat,
Who, when her lady has dined, lets the servants not eat;

Like a young courtier, &c.

With new titles of honour, bought with his father's old gold,
For which sundry of his ancestors' old manors are sold;
And this is the course most of our new gallants hold,
Which makes that good house-keeping is now grown so cold,
Among our young courtiers of the king,
Or the king's young courtiers.

I 3

53. THE MODERN DRAMATIC POETS.-I.

[IN subsequent Half-Hours' we shall give scenes from some of the great dramatic writers who were contemporary with Shakspere-from Webster, Ben Jonson, Dekker, Beaumont and Fletcher, and others, as we have already given Scenes from Massinger. The golden age of the English Drama did not last for more than sixty years. After an interval in which the Stage, in common with many other of the graces and refinements of life, was proscribed by a misdirected though sincere zeal, the Restoration gave us a degenerate and corrupt dramafalse in its principles of Art, debasing in its gross licentiousness. The Augustan age, as it used to be called, brought its brilliant Comedy, in which Wit went hand in hand with Profligacy-meretricious sisters-and its feeble Tragedy, which rested its claims upon its dissimilarity to Shakspere. From Cato to Irene we had no serious drama that was not essentially based upon French models-declamation taking the place of passion, and monotonous correctness substituted for poetical fervour. In our own times, and in a great degree by living authors, the imitation of the old drama, or, to speak more correctly, the knowledge of the principles upon which the old dramatists worked, has given us a dramatic literature which will not, we venture to think, be forgotten by coming generations.]

[MISS BAILLIE'S 'Series of Plays to delineate the stronger Passions of the Mind' was the first great attempt to cast off the frigid conventionalities that had long encumbered all modern dramatic poetry. Here was a woman of genius working upon a bold theory. The notion of making the conduct of a drama wholly rest upon the development of one intense master passion appears to us a mistake. Passions, as they exist in actual life, and as they are portrayed by the greatest poetical revealers of man's nature, are complicated and modified by the antagonism of motives and circumstances. Othello is not simply jealous-Macbeth not merely ambitious. It is to this cause that we may perhaps attribute the circumstance that one only, we believe, of Joanna Baillie's Plays has been acted, although they were written for the stage, as every drama must be that has a dramatic vitality. But, whatever may be the defects of their scenic construction, they are, in many respects, models of strong and earnest dialogue, which rejects all cumbrous ornament, and is really poetical through its unaffected simplicity. This was a revolution in dramatic composition. It is half a century since these 'Plays on the Passions' were published. Their authoress has seen many changes in literary reputation; but none in which she has not been recognised with the honours which very few can permanently win and wear.]

'De Monfort,' from which the following scene is extracted, is founded upon the passion of hatred. De Monfort has fostered, from early years, a hatred of Rezenvelt-a hatred which he feels to be unjust and at variance with his own better nature. His noble sister, Jane de Monfort, thus struggles to expel the demon which torments and finally destroys him :

De Mon. No more, my sister, urge me not again;

My secret troubles cannot be reveal'd.

From all participation of its thoughts

My heart recoils: I pray thee be contented.

Jane. What! must I, like a distant humble friend,
Observe thy restless eye, and gait disturb'd,
In timid silence, whilst, with yearning heart,
I turn aside to weep? Oh, no, De Monfort!
A nobler task thy nobler mind will give;
Thy true intrusted friend I still shall be.

De Mon. Ah, Jane, forbear! I cannot e'en to thee.
Jane. Then fie upon it! fie upon it, Monfort!
There was a time when e'en with murder stain'd,
Had it been possible that such dire deed

Could e'er have been the crime of one so pitcous,
Thou wouldst have told it me

De Mon. So would I now-but ask of this no more. All other troubles but the one I feel

I had disclosed to thee. I pray thee spare me.

It is the secret weakness of my nature.

Jane. Then secret let it be; I urge no farther. The eldest of our valiant father's hopes,

So sadly orphan'd, side by side we stood,

Like two young trees, whose boughs, in early strength,
Screen the weak saplings of the rising grove,

And brave the storm together

I have so long, as if by nature's right,

Thy bosom's inmate and adviser been,

I thought through life I should have so remain'd,
Nor ever known a change. Forgive me, Monfort ;
A humbler station will I take by thee;

The close attendant of thy wand'ring steps;

The cheerer of this home, with strangers sought;
The soother of those griefs I must not know.

This is mine office now: I ask no more.

De Mon. Oh, Jane! thou dost constrain me with thy love Would I could tell it thee!

Jane. Thou shalt not tell me. Nay, I'll stop mine ears,
Nor from the yearnings of affection wring

What shrinks from utt'rance. Let it pass, my brother.
I'll stay by thee; I'll cheer thee, comfort thee;

Pursue with thee the study of some art,

Or nobler science, that compels the mind
To steady thought progressive, driving forth
All floating, wild, unhappy fantasies;

Till thou, with brow unloaded, smilest again;
Like one who, from dark visions of the night,
When th' active soul within its lifeless cell
Holds its own world, with dreadful fancy press'd
Of some dire, terrible, or murd'rous deed,
Wakes to the dawning morn, and blesses heaven.
De Mon. It will not pass away; 'twill haunt me still.
Jane. Ah! say not so; for I will haunt thee too,
And be to it so close an adversary,

That, though I wrestle darkling with the fiend,

Why do I treat thee thus? I should not be

And yet I cannot-Oh that cursed villain!

He will not let me be the man I would.

Jane. What say'st thou, Monfort? Oh! what words are these? They have awaked my soul to dreadful thoughts.

I do beseech thee speak!

By the affection thou did'st ever bear me ;

By the dear memory of our infant days;

By kindred living ties; ay, and by those

Who sleep i' the tomb, and cannot call to thee,
I do conjure thee speak!

ॐ

[IN the collected edition of his works Mr. Landor says, "None of these poems of a dramatic form were offered to the stage, being no better than Imaginary Conversations in metre." An author knows best what he can accomplish; but there are few modern productions in which the real dramatic spirit is more developed than in Count Julian.' There are exuberances of language-lingerings in the primrose paths of verse when the business of the scene should go right onward. But the whole conception of Julian's character is magnificent -the lover of his country, who has laid it at the feet of an invader in the hour of passionate revenge. The agony of his remorse, which no ingratitude of the Moorish conqueror can add to, and no kindness can assuage, has been rarely surpassed.]

My voice to heaven and man. Though enemies
Surround me, and none else; yet other men
And other times shall hear: the agony
Of an opprest and of a bursting heart

No violence can silence; at its voice

The trumpet is o'erpower'd, and glory mute,
And peace and war hide all their charms alike.
Surely the guests and ministers of heaven
Scatter it forth through all the elements,

So suddenly, so widely it extends,

So fearfully men breathe it, shuddering

To ask or fancy how it first arose.

Muza. Yes, they shall shudder; but will that, henceforth,

Molest my privacy, or shake my power?

Julian. Guilt hath pavilions, but no privacy.

The very engine of his hatred checks

The torturer in his transport of revenge,

Which, while it swells his bosom, shakes his power,

And raises friends to his worst enemy.

Muza. Where now are thine? Will they not curse the day

That gave thee birth, and hiss thy funeral!

Thou hast left none who could have pitied thee.

Julian. Many, nor those alone of tenderer mould,

For me will weep; many, alas! through me!

Already I behold my funeral;

The turbid cities wave and swell with it,

And wrongs are lost in that day's pageantry:

Opprest and desolate, the countryman

Receives it like a gift; he hastens home,

Shows where the hoof of Moorish horse laid wastę

His narrow croft and winter garden plot,

Sweetens with fallen pride his children's lore,
And points their hatred, but applauds their tears.
Justice, who came not up to us through life,
Loves to survey our likeness on our tombs,
When rivalry, malevolence, and wrath,
And every passion that once storm'd around,
Is calm, alike without them as within.

Our very chains make the whole world our own,
Bind those to us who else had past us by,

Those at whose call, brought down to us, the light
Of future ages lives upon our name.

Muza. I may accelerate that meteor's fall,

And quench that idle ineffectual light

Without the knowledge of thy distant world.

Julian. My world and thine are not that distant one.

Is age less wise, less merciful, than grief,

To keep this secret from thee, poor old man?
Thou canst not lessen, canst not aggravate
My sufferings, canst not shorten or extend
Half a sword's length between my God and me.
I thank thee for that better thought than fame,
Which none, however, who deserve, despise,
Nor lose from view till all things else are lost.

Abdalazis. Julian, respect his age, regard his power.
Many, who fear'd not death, have dragg'd along
A piteous life in darkness and in chains.

Never was man so full of wretchedness,

But something may be suffered after all;

Perhaps in what clings round his breast and helps
To keep the ruin up, which he, amid

His agony and frenzy, overlooks;

But droops upon at last, and clasps, and dies.

Julian. Although a Muza send far underground,

Into the quarry whence the palace rose,

His mangled prey, climes alien and remote

Mark and record the pang. While, overhead,
Perhaps he passes on his favourite steed,
Less heedful of the misery he inflicts
Than of the expiring sparkle from a stone ;
Yet we, alive or dead, have fellow-men,
If ever we have served them, who collect
From prisons and from dungeons our remains,
And bear them in their bosom to their sons.
Man's only relics are his benefits;
These, be there ages, be there worlds, between,
Retain him in communion with his kind :
Hence is our solace, our security,

Our sustenance, till heavenly truth descends,
Covering with brightness and beatitude
The frail foundations of these humbler hopes,
And, like an angel guiding us, at once
Leaves the loose chain and iron gate behind.