Analysis of peated. By this method the oxyd of molybdenum was Minerals. converted into a yellow powder, which was yellow acid of molybdenum. It weighed 95 grains. Four. de Min No avii. p. 12. 328 VII. Grey Ore of Manganese. Mr Vauquelin analyfed this ore as follows: When 200 grains of it were expofed to a ftrong heat Analy Gs of in a retort, there came over 10 grains of water, and 18 grey ore of cubic inches of oxygen gas, mixed with a little carbomanganefe. nic acid gas. The mineral now weighed only 176 grains. Therefore the weight of the gas was 14 grains. On 200 grains of the fame mineral muriatic acid was poured, and heat applied. 75 cubic inches of oxy mu riatic acid gas came over, which, though mixed with fome carbonic acid gas, enflamed metals when reduced to powder. When no more gas came over, the refidu um was boiled. The whole was diffolved, except a white powder, which weighed 12 grains, and which poffeffed the properties of filica. Carbonat of potafs was poured into the folution; a white precipitate was obtained, which became black by expofure to the air, and weighed 288 grains. Strong nitric acid was boiled on it repeatedly to drynefs. It became of a deep black colour, and, when well washed with water and dried, weighed 164 grains. This powder was black oxyd of manganefe. To fee whether it contained iron, nitric acid, with a little fugar, was poured upon it, and digefted on it. The acid diffolved it completely. Therefore no oxyd of iron was prefent. Into the water with which the black oxyd of manganese had been wafhed, carbonat of potafs was poured; a white powder precipitated, which, when dried, weighed 149 grains, and which poffeffed the poperties of carbonat of lime. VIII. Wolfram. 329 Analyfis of Meffrs Vauquelin and Hecht analysed this mineral as wolfram. follows: On 200 parts of Wolfram in powder, three times its weight of muriatic acid were poured, and the mixture boil. ed for a quarter of an hour: a yellow powder appear ed, and the folution was of a brown colour. The acid was allowed to cool, and then carefully decanted off, and the refiduum washed. The refiduum was then digefted for fome hours with ammonia, which diffolved a part of it. The refiduum was washed, and new muria tic acid again poured over it; then the refiduum was digefted with ammonia, as before: and the operation was continued till the whole wolfram was diffolved. All the ammoniacal folutions being joined together, were evaporated to drynefs, and the salt which remain ed was calcined: a yellow powder was obtained; it weighed 134 grains, and was yellow acid of tungiten. Into the muriatic acid folutions, which were all mixed together, a fufficient quantity of fulphuric acid was poured to decompofe all the falts. The folution was then evaporated to drynefs; and the falts which were btained by this evaporation were rediffolved in water. A white powder remained, which weighed three grains, Analys of and which poffeffed the properties of filica. The excefs of acid of the folution was faturated with carbonat of potafs; the liquor became brown, but nothing precipitated. When boiled, a red powder preci. pitated, and the brown colour difappeared. The addition of more carbonat of potass caused a farther precipitation of a yellowish powder. This precipitate confiled of the oxyds of iron and manganefe combined. Nitric acid was diftilled off it repeatedly; it was then boiled in acetous acid. The acetous folution was precipitated by potafs. Nitric acid was again diftilled off it, and it was again boiled in acetous acid. This proeefs was repeated till nitric acid produced no further change. The different powders which could not be diffolved in the acetous acid were collected, mixed with a little oil, and heated red hot. The powder became black, and was attracted by the magnet. It was therefore oxyd of iron. It weighed 36 grains. The acetous folution contained the oxyd of manga. nefe: It was precipitated by an alkali, and, when dried, weighed 12.5 grains. IX. Oxyd of Titanium and Iron. Vauquelin analyfed this ore as follows: Minerals. 330 Analyús of A hundred parts of the ore, reduced to a fine pow-oxyd of t der, and mixed with 400 parts of potafs, were melted tanium and in a filver crucible for an hour and a half. When cool, iron. the mixture was diluted with water; a powder remained of a brick red colour, which, when washed and dried, weighed 124 parts. The watery folution had a fine green colour; when an excess of muriatic acid was added, it became red. By evaporation the liquor loft its colour. When evaporated to drynefs, a falt remained, which was totally dif folved by water. From this folution carbonat of potafs precipitated two parts, which had the properties of oxyd of manganefe. The 124 parts of refiduum were boiled in a folution of pure potafs for an hour. The folution was faturated with an acid, filtered, and carbonat of potafs added, which precipitated three parts. Thefe had the properties of oxyd of titanium. The remainder of the 124 parts of refiduum, which ftill was undiffolved, was boiled with diluted muriatic acid. The liquor became yellow, and depofited 46 parts of a white powder, with a tint of red. This powder was foleble in fulphuric and muriatic acids: from thefe folutions, it was precipitated of a brick red colour by the infufion of nut galls; of a green colour by fulphu ret of ammonia and pruffiat of potafs; and of a white colour by carbonat of potafs and pure ammonia. A rod of tin made these folutions red; a rod of zinc made them violet. Thefe 46 parts, therefore, are oxyd of titanium. The muriatic folution, from which thefe 46 parts were depofited, formed, with pruffiat of potafs, a pruf. fian blue; and ammonia precipitated from it 50 parts, which had the properties of yellow oxyd of iron. INDEX. Mirabeau. MIR MIRABEAU (Honnoré Gabriel, Comte de), well known both by his writings, and the active part which he took in bringing about the French revolution, was born in 1749 of a noble family. Throughout life, he difplayed a spirit averfe from every reftraint, and was one of those unhappy geniufes in whom the moft brilliant talents ferve only as a fcourge to themselves and all around them. It is told by his democratical panegyris, as a wonderful proof of family tyranny under the old government, that not lefs than 67 lettres de cachet had been obtained by Mirabeau the father against this fon and others of his relatives. This ftory, if true, proves, with at leaft equal force, what many anecdotes confirm, that, for his fhare of them, the fon was not lefs indebted to his own ungovernable difpofition than to the severity of his parent. He was indeed a monfter of wickedness. Debauchery, gaming, impiety, and every kind of fenfuality, were not enough for him. He was deftitute of decency in his vices; and to fupply his expences, fcrupled not to perform tricks which would difgrace a thief catcher. His father and mother difagreeing, commenced, a procefs of feparation; when Mirabeau, juft liberated from prifon for a grofs mildemeanor, was in want of money He went to his father, fided with him against his mother, on whom he poured a torrent of invectives; and, for 100 guineas, wrote his MIR father's memorial for the court. He then went to his Mirabeau, mother; and by a fimilar conduct got the fame fum from her; and both memorials were prefented. That the father of fuch a man Thould frequently get him fhut up in prifon, can excite no furprife; for confinement only could withhold him from the perpetration of crimes. The talents of Mirabeau led him frequently to employ his pen; and his publications form the chief epochas of his life. His first publication was, 1. Efai fur le Despotisme, "An Effay on Defpotifm," in 8vo. Next, in one of his confinements, he wrote, 2. a work in 2 vols 8vo, On Lettres de Cachet. 3. Confiderations Jur l'Ordre de Cincinnatus, 8vo. A remonftrance against the order of Cincinnatus, propofed at one time to be established in America. The public opinion in Ame rica favoured this remonftrance, and it proved effectual. 4. His next work was in favour of the Dutch, when Jofeph II. demanded the opening of the Scheldt, in behalf of the Brabançons. It is entitled, Doutes fur la Liberté de l'Efeant, 8vo. 5. Lettre à l'Empereur Jo feph II. fur fon Réglement, concernant l'Emigration; a pamphlet of forty pages, in 8vo. 6. De la Caiffe d'Efcompte; a volume in 8vo, written against that eltablifhment. 7 De la Banque d'Espagne, 8vo; a remonftrance against eltablishing a French bank in Spain. A controverfy |