Juan. though, in general, fomewhat larger. They were all fhorn as close to the fkin as sheep are in England; and fo compact were their fleeces, that large portions could be lifted up by a corner without caufing any feparation. They were compofed of a mixture of a coarfe kind of wool, with very fine long hair, capable of being fpun into yarn This gave Captain Vancouver reafon to believe, that their woollen clothing might in part be compofed of this material mixed with a finer kind of wool from fome other animal, as their garments were all too fine to be manufactured from the coarfe coating of the dog alone." Of other animals alive, deer only were feen in any abundance by our people. The number of inhabitants computed to be in the largeft of the villages or towns that were discovered, did not exceed 655. Captain Vancouver conjectured the fmall-pox to be a difeafe common and very fatal among them Many were much marked; and moft of thefe had loft their right eye. Their method of dif. pofing of their dead is very fingular. "Baskets were found fufpended on high trees, each containing the skeleton of a young child; in fome of which were alfo fmall fquare boxes filled with a kind of white pafte, refembling (fays our author) fuch as I had feen the natives eat, fuppofed to be made of the faranne root; fome of these boxes were quite full, others were nearly empty, eaten probably by the mice, fquirrels, or birds. On the next low point fouth of our encampment, where the gunners were airing the powder, they met with fe veral holes in which human bodies were interred, flight. ly covered over, and in different ftates of decay, fome appearing to have been very recently depofited. About half a mile to the northward of our tents, where the land is nearly level with high water mark, a few paces within the fkirting of the wood, a canoe was found fufpended between two trees, in which were three human fkeletons. "On each point of the harbour, which, in honour of a particular friend, I called Penn's Cove, was a deferted village; in one of which were found feveral fepul chres, formed exactly like a centry box. Some of them were open, and contained the fkeletons of many young children tied up in baskets: the fmaller bones of adults were likewife noticed, but not one of the limb bones could here be found; which gave rife to an opinion, that thefe, by the living inhabitants of the neighbour. hood, were appropriated to useful purposes; fuch as pointing their arrows, fpears, or other weapons." However honourably thefe people have been reprefented in their conduct as traders, it appeared on feveral occafions that it was unfafe to depend on their goodwill alone and fome inftances occurred, of their making every preparation for an attack, from which they delifted only on being doubtful of the event; yet immediately on relinquifhing their purpose, they would come with the greateft confidence to trade, appearing perfectly regardless of what had before been in agitation. The boats, as already noticed, were frequently at a great diftance from the fhips; and on fuch occafions, when large parties of Indians have first feen them, they generally held long conferences among themfelves before they approached the boats; probably for the purpose of determining the mode of conduct which they judged it most prudent to obferve. Captain Van couver places the entrance of the ftrait of Juan de Fu- Jugglers ca in 48° 20' N. Lat. and 124° W. Long. JUGGLERS are a kind of people whofe profeffion has not been often deemed either refpectable or useful. Profeffor Beckmann, however, has undertaken their de fence; and in a long and learned chapter in the third volume of his Hiftory of Inventions, pleads the cause of the practifers of legerdemain; rope-dancers; perfons who place their bodies in pofitions apparently dangerous; and of those who exhibit feats of uncommon ftrength. All these men he claffes under the general denomination of Jugglers; and taking it for granted (furely upon no good grounds) that every useful employment is full, he contends, that there would not be room on the earth for all its present inhabitants did not fome of them practise the arts of Juggling. "Thefe arts (fays he) are indeed not unprofitable, for they afford a comfortable fubfiftence to those who practile them; but their gain is acquired by too little labour to be hoarded up; and, in general, these roving people fpend on the fpot the fruits of their ingenuity; which is an additional reafon why their stay in a place fhould be encouraged. But farther, it often happens, that what ignorant perfons firft employ, merely as a fhow, for amufement or deception, is afterwards ennobled by being applied to a more important purpose. The machine with which a Savoyard, by means of fhadows, amufed children and the populace, was by Liberkühn converted into a folar microscope; and, to give one example more, the art of making ice in fummer, or in a heated oven, enables guests, much to the credit of their hoftefs, to cool the most expenfive dishes. The Indian difcovers precious ftones, and the European, by polishing, gives them a luftre. "But, if the arts of juggling ferved no other end than to amufe the most ignorant of our citizens, it is proper that they fhould be encouraged for the fake of thofe who cannot enjoy the more expenfive deceptions of an opera. They aniwer other purposes, however, than that of merely amufing: they convey inftruction in the most acceptable manner, and ferve as an agreeable antidote to fuperftition, and to that popular belief in miracles, exorcifm, conjuration, forcery, and witchcraft, from which our ancestors fuffered fo feverely." Surely this reafoning, as well as the caufe in which it is brought forward, is unworthy of the learning of Beckmann. It is indeed true, that jugglers spend their money freely, and that their arts afford them the means of fubfifience; but it is very seldom, as our author must know, that they fubfift either comfortably or innocently, Is it innocent to entice the ignorant and labouring poor, by useless deceptions, to part with their hard-earned pittance to idle vagabonds? or is the life of thofe vagabonds comfortable, when it is paffed amid fcenes of the moft grovelling diffipation? Jugglers fpend indeed their money, for the most part, on the fpot where it is gain. ed; but they spend it in drunkenness, and other feducing vices, which corrupt their own morals and the morals of all with whom they affociate; and therefore their ftay in a place fhould certainly not be encouraged. Could it be proved that the folar microscope would never have been invented, had not a Savoyard juggler contrived a fimilar machine to amufe children and the rabble, fome ftrefs might be laid on the fervice which fuch wretches bave Jugglers. have rendered to science: but where is the man that Creufa, the daughter of Creon, was nothing else than Jugglers, will fuppofe the philofophy of Bacon and Newton to this fine oil. She fent to the unfortunate princefs a Jungle. reft upon the arts of juggling? or who confiders the re- drefs befmeared with it, which burft into flames as foon firements of fcience as of equal value with the morals as fhe approached the fire of the altar. The blood of of the people? There is, at the moment in which this Neffus, in which the dress of Hercules, which took fire article is drawing up, a fellow exhibiting, before the likewife, had been dipped, was undoubtedly naphtha windows of the writer's chamber, the moft indecent alfo; and this oil muft have been always employed when fcenes by means of puppets, and keeping the mob in a offerings caught fire in an imperceptible manner. conftant roar. Is he innocently employed? or will any "In modern times, perfons who could walk over good man say that there is not room for him in the ar- burning coals or red-hot iron, or who could hold red. mies which on the Continent are fighting in the cause hot iron in their hands, have often excited wonder. of God and humanity? But laying afide the deception fometimes practifed on the fpectators, the whole of this fecret confifts in rendering the fkin of the foles of the feet and hands fo callous and infenfible, that the nerves under them are fecured from all hurt, in the fame manner as by fhoes and gloves. Such callofity will be produced if the skin is continually comprefled, finged, pricked, or injured in any other manner. Thus do the fingers of the induftrious fempftrefs become horny by being frequently pricked; and the cafe is the fame with the hands of fireworkers, and the feet of those who walk bare footed over fcorching sand. Our author endeavours to ftrengthen his reafoning by proving, which he does very completely, the antiquity of juggling. "The deception (fays he) of breathing out flames, which at prefent excites, in a particular manner, the astonishment of the ignorant, is very ancient. When the flaves in Sicily, about a century and a half before our æra, made a formidable infurrection, and avenged themselves in a cruel manner for the feverities which they had fuffered, there was amongt them a Syrian named Eunus, a man of great craft and courage, who, having paffed through many fcenes of life, had become acquainted with a variety of arts. He pretended to have immediate communication with the gods; was the oracle and leader of his fellow flaves; and, as is ufual on fuch occafions, confirmed his divine miffion by miracles. When, heated by enthufiafm, he was defirous of infpiring his followers with courage, he breathed flames or sparks among them from his mouth while he was addreffing them. We are told by hiftorians, that for this purpose he pierced a nut-fhell at both ends, and, having filled it with fome burning fubftance, put it into his mouth and breathed through it. "This deception, at prefent, is performed much better. The juggler rolls together fome flax or hemp, fo as to form a ball about the fize of a walnut; fets it on fire; and fuffers it to burn till it is nearly confumed; he then rolls round it, while burning, fome more flax; and by these means the fire may be retained in it for a long time. When he wishes to exhibit, he flips the ball unperceived into his mouth and breathes through it; which again revives the fire, fo that a number of weak sparks proceed from it; and the performer fuftains no hurt, provided he infpire the air not through the mouth but the noftrils. "For deceptions with fire the ancients employed also naphtha, a liquid mineral oil, which kindles when it only approaches a flame. (See NAPHTHA, Encycl.) Galen informs us, that a perfon excited great aftonifh ment by extinguishing a candle and again lighting it, without any other procefs than holding it immediately against a wall or a ftone. The whole fecret of this confifted in having previously rubbed over the wall or ftone with fulphur. But as the author, a few lines before, fpeaks of a mixture of fulphur and naphtha, we have reason to think that he alludes to the fame here. Plutarch relates how Alexander the Great was aftonifhed and delighted with the fecret effects of naphtha, which were exhibited to him at Ecbatana. The fame author, as well as Pliny, Galen, and others, has already remarked, that the iubftance with which Medea destroyed "In the month of September 1765, when I visited (fays our author) the copper-works at Aweftad, one of the workmen, for a little drink money, took fome of the melted copper in his hand, and after fhewing it to us, threw it against a wall. He then fqueezed the fingers of his horny hand close to each other; put it a few minutes under his arm-pit, to make it fweat, as he said; and, taking it again out, drew it over a ladle filled with melted copper, fome of which he skimmed off, and moved his hand backwards and forwards, very quickly, by way of oftentation. While I was viewing this perfor mance, I remarked a fmell like that of finged horn or leather, though his hand was not burnt. It is highly probable, that people who hold in their hands red hot iron, or who walk upon it, as I faw done at mfterdam, but at a distance, make their skin callous before, in the like manner. This may be accomplished by frequently moiftening it with fpirit of vitriol; according to fome the juice of certain plants will produce the fame effect; and we are affured by others, that the skin must be very frequently rubbed, for a long time, with oil, by which means, indeed, leather alfo will become horny *." *Haller, Our author then proves, in a very learned manner, Elementa that all thefe tricks were of high antiquity; that the Physiolog Hirpi, who lived near Rome, jumped through burning coals; that women were accuftomed to walk over burning coals at Caftabala in Cappadocia, near the temple dedi. cated to Diana; that the exhibition of balls and cups (fee LEGERDEMAIN, Encycl.) is often mentioned in the works of the ancients; that in the third century, one Firmus or Firmius, who endeavoured to make himself emperor in Egypt, fuffered a smith to forge iron on an anvil placed on his breaft; that rope-dancers with balancing poles are mentioned by Petronius and others; and that the various feats of horiemanfhip exhibited in our circufes paffed, in the thirteenth century, from Egypt to the Byzantine court, and thence over all Europe. JUNGLE, in Bengal, wafte land, or land covered with wood and brambles. Kaalta. KAARTA, a kingdom in Africa, through which Mr Park paffed in his route from the Gambia to the Niger. He defcribes the country as confifting either of fandy plains or rocky hills; but, from his account, the level part feems to be the most extenfive. The natives are negroes, of whom many, though converted to the Mahomedan faith, or rather to the ceremonial part of the Mahomedan religion, retain all their ancient fuperftitions, and even drink ftrong liquors. They are called Johers or Jowers, and in Kaarta form a very numerous and powerful tribe. One of these men undertook to conduct our author to Kemmoo, the capital of the kingdom, and alarmed him not a little by his fuperftitious ceremonies. "We had no fooner (fays Mr Park) got into a dark and lonely part of the first wood, than he made a fign for us to ftop, and taking hold of a hollow piece of bamboo, that hung as an amulet round his neck, whiftled very loud, three times. I confefs I was fomewhat ftartled, thinking it was a fignal for fome of his companions to come and attack us; but he affured me that it was done merely with a view to ascertain what fuccefs we were likely to meet with on our prefent journey. He then difmounted, laid his spear acrofs the road, and having faid a number of fhort prayers, concluded with three loud whistles; after which he liftened for fome time, as if in expectation of an answer, and receiving none, told us we might proceed without fear, for there was no danger." White men were strangers in the kingdom of Kaarta; and the appearance of our author had on fome of the natives the effect which ignorant people, in this country, attribute to ghofts." I had wandered (fays he) a little from my people, and being uncertain whether they were before or behind me, 1 haftened to a rifing ground to look about me. As I was proceeding to wards this eminence, two negro horfemen, armed with mufkets, came galloping from among the bushes: on seeing them I made a full ftop; the horfemen did the fame, and all three of us feemed equally furprised and confounded at this interview. As I approached them their fears increased, and one of them, after cafting upon me a look of horror, rode off at full fpeed; the other, in a panic of fear, put his hand over his eyes, and continued muttering prayers until his horfe, feemingly without the rider's knowledge, conveyed him flowly after his companion. About a mile to the weftward, they fell in with my attendants, to whom they related a frightful ftory: it seems their fears had dreffed me in the flowing robes of a tremendous fpirit; and one of them affirmed, that when I made my appearance, a cold blaft of wind came pouring down upon him from the fky like fo much cold water." At Kemmoo our traveller was graciously received by the king; who honeftly told him, however, that he could not protect him, being then engaged in war with the king of BAMBARRA (fee SEGO in this Supplement); but he gave him a guard to JARRA, the frontier town of the neighbouring kingdom of Ludamar. The origin and iffue of this war between Kaarta and Bambarra, of I K. which Mr Park gives a full account, fhews the folly of Kaboti attempting to liberate the negroes from flavery till civi- quas. lization and Chriftianity be introduced into Africa. Major Rennel places Kemmoo, the capital of Kaarta, in 14° 15' N. Lat. and 7° 20′ W. Lon. KABOBIQUAS, a nation in fouth Africa, who had never feen a white man till 1785, that they were vifited by M. Vaillant. Intimation had been given of his approach by fome of the tribes through whofe country he had previously paffed; and every thing that had been faid of his colour, his fufees, and his equipage, bore the character of the most enthusiastic exaggeration. The curiofity of the people was wound up to the higheft pitch; and as foon as they faw his company at a ditance, the whole horde quitted the kraal, and ran with. eagerness to meet him. Not being able to believe their eyes in regard to what they faw, they endeavoured to obtain more fatisfaction by touching him. They felt his hair, hands, and almoft every part of his body. His beard, above all, aftonished them to an inconceivable degree. More than thirty perfons came in fucceffion, and half unbuttoned his clothes. They all imagined him to be a hairy animal; and fuppofed, without doubt, that his body was covered with hair as long as that on his chin; but finding this not to be the cafe, they were altonifhed, and confeffed, with the opennefs of favages, that they had never feen the like in any man of their country. The little children, terrified at his appearance, hid themselves behind their mothers. When he at. tempted to lay hold of any of them, in order to caress them, they fent forth loud cries, as a child would do in Europe who thould see a negro for the first time. The grown up people, however, were foon reconciled to his appearance, and even the children were bribed by fmall bits of fugar candy. The chief of the horde showed him every mark of attachment. He was a man advanced in life, and of a majeftic figure. He wore a long mantle,. which hung from his fhoulders to the ground, and which, formed of four jackal fkins joined together, was bordered at the fides with that of a hyæna. His left hand wanted two joints of the little finger, which, he laid, were amputated in his infancy to cure him of a fevere illness. This cuftom of favages, who, to relieve a man from pain, add new fufferings to his evils, affords a vast field for reflection. Mr Paterfon, another African traveller, tells us, that he obferved inftances of the fame practice among a horde at the mouth of Orange-river; which is not improbable. However abfurd a custom may be, favage tribes, when they are neighbours, may borrow it from each other; but that it fhould be common among the islanders of the South Sea, who, fince their country was first inhabited, had never feen ftrangers before Cook and Bougainville, is truly aftonishing. Our author was very defirous of interrogating minutely the people of the horde on this tubject. He wished also to propofe fome queftions to them refpecting other customs which appeared fingular; but difficulties increased the more he advanced into the country. The Kabobiquas spoke a particular language; and this dialect, though accompanied quas. Kabobi accompanied with the clapping noife of the Hottentots, was understood only by the Koraquas, who, on account of their vicinity, kept up fome intercourse with them. The cafe was the fame with the language of the Koraquas, in regard to their neighbours the Nimiquas; and nothing reached our author's ear till it had paffed through four different mouths. The confequence was, that when he asked any thing, the answer had frequently no relation to the queftion; and for this inconveniency no remedy could be found. The fame defire for trinkets to ornament their drefs prevailed among the Kabobiquas as among the other hordes which Vaillant had vifited; and in one day he purchafed twenty oxen for things of that kind of no value. The chief, however, had set his affections on a razor; and juft when our author and he were treating about it, a fhot was fired near them, which was inftantly followed by the moft frightful cries. "Rufhing inftantly from my tent (fays M. Vaillant) to enquire what was the caufe of this noife, I faw a Kabobiqua flying as faft as he could from one of my hunters, while, at the diftance of a hundred paces farther, three men were making the most lamentable clamour, and near them was a young girl lying on the ground. I made a fignal to my hunter to approach me; but the report of the shot, and the howling of the three men, had already spread alarm throughout the horde. Some cried out treachery; others ran to their arms; and I now imagined that I was about to be maffacred, with my whole company, and that I should be obliged to arm them in my defence. My fituation was the more critical, as neither I, nor any perfon in the kraal, knew what was the cause of this confufion; and if I had known, how could I have explained it? "Under this embarraffment, I took the chief by the hand, and advanced with him towards the horde. Fear was painted in his countenance; tears began to drop from his eyes; and he spoke to me with great vivacity. He imagined, no doubt, that he was betrayed. He complained to me, and accufed my people of perfidy; yet he readily followed me. quas. Nothing remained but to enquire into the ftate of Kabobithe wounded, and to give them every affiftance in my power. Without lofs of time, therefore, I repaired, ftill accompanied by the chief, to the place where they were. By the way we met the young girl, who was returning from the kraal, bathed in tears. The caufe of her uneafinefs was a grain of lead, which had, however, penetrated fo little, that I forced it out by only preffing the part with my fingers. With regard to the three men, they lay rolling on the ground, howling in a moft frightful manner, and exhibiting every fymptom of defpair. "I was aftonifhed at their confternation, and could not conceive how men inured to fufferings fhould be fo much affected by a few small punctures, the pain of which could have fcarcely drawn tears from an infant. They at length told me the caufe of their wailings. Thefe favages, accustomed to poison their arrows, imagined that I had in like manner poisoned the lead with which they were wounded. They had, therefore, given themfelves up as loft, and expected in a few moments to expire." It was with great difficulty that our author could convince them that they had nothing to fear. He fhewed them in the flesh of his own leg a dozen of shots of lead; but they were not fatisfied till one of the most in. telligent of his Hottentots, taking from his shot bag a few grains of lead, and fhewing them to the three men, immediately fwallowed them. This conclutive argument produced the defired effect. The cries of the wounded men inftantly ceafed; ferenity again appeared in their faces; and their wounds were no more mentioned. The Kabobiquas have neither the flat nofe nor plump cheeks of the Hottentots. Their fkin alfo has not that baftard colour, which, being neither black nor white, renders them odious to both races; nor do they befmear their bodies with thofe difgufting fat fubftances, on account of which one cannot approach them without being bedaubed with their filth, or acquiring an offenfive fmell. In ftature they are as tall as the Caffres, and their colour is equally black. Their hair, which is ex"As I was without arms, and prefented myfelf with ceedingly fhort, and much curled, is ornamented with the chief, I was received with confidence, and my ap- fmall copper buttons, arranged with great art and fympearance feemed, in fome meafure, to calm their pertur. metry. Inftead of that apron made of a jackal's skin, bation. My people, who had feen me direct my courfe employed by the Hottentot to cover what modesty bids towards the kraal, haftened thither after me, to protect him conceal, the Kabobiquas ufe a round piece of me; and their number overawed the multitude. At leather, the edge of which is ornamented with a fmall inlength the whole mystery was cleared up, and we learn- dented circle of copper, and which is divided into different ed what had occafioned the tumult. compartments by rows of glass beads of various colours, all proceeding from the centre, and diverging towards the circumference, like the rays in our images of the fun. "A Kabobiqua having met one of my hunters, who was returning with his fufee, wifhed to examine it, and begged him to fhew it to him. In handling it, how. ever, he accidentally touched the trigger; it inftantly went off; and the favage, frightened by the unexpected explofion, threw down the fufee, and ran away as fast as he could. "At that time, three men of the horde and a young girl happened unluckily to be ftanding, at the distance of a hundred paces, in the direction of the piece. The latter received a fingle grain of fhot in the cheek; and the others a few grains in the legs and thighs. The author of the misfortune confirmed this explanation; tranquillity was foon reftored; the favages depofited their arms; and I was furrounded only by friends as before. This kind of veil is made faft to the groin by means of a girdle; but as it is only four inches in diameter, as it is deranged by the fmalleft movement, and as they give themfelves little unealinefs refpecting fuch accidents, it is very ill fuited to the purpofe for which it is applied. During the great heats, this Imall and almoft ufelefs apron is the only covering on their bodies. Its being fo readily difplaced, enabled our author to afcertain that they do not practice circumcifion; but it feemed to fhow alfo, that, in regard to modefty, their ideas are very dif. ferent from ours. Though they go thus almost entirely naked, their manners, inftead of being licentious, are remarkably chafte. quas. quas. toufly, and without receiving any thing in return, part Kobobi- Kabobi chafte. No females can be more prudent or more reserved than their women; and whether from refinement of coquetry, or the effect of prudence, they do not tattoo their faces like their husbands and fathers. They do not even follow their example in ornamenting their hair with copper buttons; and they always go bare. legged, though most of them wear fandals. Their drefs confifts of an apron that reaches only half down the thigh; a krofs which, paffing under the arm-pits, is tied on the breaft; and a long mantle like that of the men. The mantle is made of skins not deprived of the hair; and the kross of tanned leather, prepared like that used for gloves in Europe. With regard to glass beads, they wear them as bracelets. They form them alfo into necklaces, which de fcend in different rows to the pit of the ftomach; and they fufpend from their girdles feveral strings of them, which fall down their thighs below the apron. These ornaments being very durable, the habit of feeing them renders the women almoft indifferent to the pleasure of poffeffing them. Thofe they procured from our author afforded at first great fatisfaction, on account of their novelty. But when he fhewed them fciffars and needles, they gave the preference to thefe articles; and this choice does honour to the good fenfe of the Kabobiqua ladies. Like their chief, they fet a higher value on utility than ornament. Before our author's arrival among them, the Kabobiquas were acquainted with the ufe of tobacco through the means of fome of the tribes more contiguous to the Cape. It was, however, a luxury which they could feldom enjoy; and so indifferent were they about it, that if it were not brought to them, they would not go a ftep to procure it. This indifference, about an article which is eagerly fought for by all the tribes of Hottentots, feemed to fhew that there are traits in the character of the Kabobiquas which diftinguish them from their fouthern neighbours. The cafe was the fame as to ftrong liquors, on which they fet no great value; and though there were among them fome few individuals difpofed to relish them, the greater number abfolutely refused them. "If the contents of my flasks (fays Vaillant) gave them little fatisfaction, they were, however, much captivated with the flasks themselves. Thefe tranfparent bottles excited their admiration in the highest degree. They called them folid water; for, notwithstanding the heat of the climate, thefe favages had feen ice on the fummits of the mountains by which they are furrounded; and they entertained no doubt that the glafs of my flasks was water, which I had rendered folid by magic, and which I prevented their fires from melting. As it was impoffible for me to explain this matter, I did not attempt to undeceive them and befides, with what ad. vantage would it have been attended? I fuffered them, therefore, to continue in their error, and contented my. felf with conferring on them an obligation, by giving them all the empty bottles for which I had no use. "On their part, they vied with each other in fhew. ing their generofty towards me; and I muft indeed allow, that I never faw a nation fo difinterefted. Every night they brought to my camp a confiderable quantity of milk; and they never came to spend the evening with my people, without bringing fome fheep to regale them. I have feen many of them give away gratui With this benevolent difpofition, the Kabobiquas have alfo a martial character Their weapons are poifoned arrows, and a lance with a long iron point, but different from the aflagay of the Hottentots. In battle, their deferfive armour contifts of two bucklers; the one of a fize fufficient to cover the whole body of the combatant; the other much fmaller. They are both made of fkins exceedingly thick, and proof against arrows. The courage which the Kabobiquas difplay in combat is particularly exercifed in their hunting excur fions, and, above all, againft carnivorous animals. Intrepid, however, as it may be to attack the elephant and the rhinoceros, thefe fpecies of animals are not objets of their vengeance; because, living upon grafs and herbs, they have nothing to apprehend from them, either for themfelves or their cattle. But the tiger, lion, hyena, and panther, being enemies of a different kind, they declare against them implacable war, and purfue them without remiffion. Of the spoils of thefe deftructive animals they form their bucklers, girdles, fandals, kroffes, mantles, &c. They confider it as a mark of honour to wear them; and they fet a much higher value upon them than upon the fkin of the rhinoceros or of the elephant. If they fometimes hunt the latter, it is only as objects of food; and they employ to catch them thofe concealed pits, which are the ufual fnares of the Hottentots: but this method, which requires both patience and labour, is very little fuited to a people fo brave and enterprising as the Kabobiquas. As they poffefs fo bold and refolute a chara&er, one might be induced to believe that they are fero. cious and intractable. Among all the African nations, however, which our author vifited, he never knew one that fo much practifed obedience and fubordination. The chief here is not, as in other tribes, a principal among his equals; he is a fovereign in the midft of his fubjects, a mafter furrounded by his flaves. A word, a gefture, or a look, is fufficient to procure him obedience. Whatever be his orders, they are never contradicted; and the cafe is the fame in every particular family. What the chief is to the horde, the father is to his children. His commands are abfolute; and he exercises regal power at home, while he obeys elfewhere. Though the tribe was very numerous, the wifdom with which it was ruled, and the good order that prevailed, announced, in the man by whom it was governed, an intelligence fuperior to that of all the favages our author had before seen; for he had not then visited the Houzouanas. The habitation of this chief was fuited to hia fupreme dignity. It was, indeed, a hut only, like thofe of his fubjects, and, like them, covered with the fkins of animals; but it was much larger, as well as more elevated; and around it were fix others, occupied by his family, and deftined for them alone. The natural drynefs of the country inhabited by the Kabobiquas obliges them to dig wells, for their own ufe as well as for their cattle; but as the fame caufe often |