National Union of Women Workers. Hints for District Visitors (Sanitation), Tract No. 2. 19 p. 8vo. London, 1896. The Union. Newsholme, Arthur, M.D., M.R.C.P. A National System of Notification and Registration of Sickness. 28 p., 8vo. Reprint from Journal of Royal Statistical Society, Vol. LIX., Part I. (March 1896). The Author. Nocard, Prof. E. The Animal Tuberculoses and their relation to Human Tuberculosis, translated by H. Scurfield, M.D., D.P.H. 143 p. Svo. London, 1895. H. Scurfield, M.D., D.P.H. Patent Office. Abridgements and Specifications, period 1884-88. Class 2, Acids, Salts, &c. 3, Advertising, &c. 5 & 6, Agricultural Appliances. 7, Air and Gas Engines. 13, Bells, &c. 15, Bleaching, &c. 21, Casks, &c. 25, Chimneys, &c. 27, Coinfreed Apparatus. 30, Cutlery. 32, Distilling. 35, Dynamo Electric. Generators. 39, Electric Lamps and Furnaces. 41, Electrolysis. 45, Fencing. 47, Fire Extinction. 49, Food, &c. 53, Galvanic Batteries. 54, Gas Distribution. 56, Glass. 57, Governors. 62, Harness. 65, Hinges. 67, Horse Shoes. 71, Injectors. 73, Labels, Badges, &c. 76, Leather. 79, Locomotives. 84, Milking. 86, Mixing and Agtiating Machines and Appliances. 91, Oils, &c. 92, Ordnance. 96, Paper, Paste-board and Paper-mâche. 98, Photography. 99, Pipes, Tubes, and Hose. 100, Printing, Letterpress, &c. 103, Railway and Tramway Vehicles. 105, Railway Signals and communicating Apparatus. 109, Ropes and Cords. 114, Ships, &c. 120, Spinning. 122, Steam Engines. 124, Stone, Marble, and the like, cutting and working. 131, Toilet and Hair-dressing Articles, and Perfumery. 132, Toys, Games, and Exercises. 136, Velocipedes. 142, Weaving, &c. 143, Weighing Apparatus. 144, Wheels, &c. 146, Writing Instruments. 4to. London, 1896. H. M. Patent Office. Pattin, H. Cooper, M.A., M.D. The Ritual of Health. Vol. I. 125 pp., 8vo. London, 1896. Pernet, George, L.R.C.P., L.R.C.S., and Bulloch, Wm., M.D. Acute Pemphigus, a contribution to the aetiology of the acute bullous eruptions. 27 pp., 8vo. Reprint from British Journal of Dermatology, Nos. 91 and 92. Vol. VIII. The Author. George Pernet, L.R.C.P., M.R.C.S. Pucey, Henri (Architect). Les Bains Publics a Budapest. 57 p. f.cap. Paris, 1895. The Author. Registrar-General, England. Supplement to the Fifty-Fifth Annual Report of Births, Deaths, and Marriages in England. Part I. 757 pp., 8vo. London, 1895. Registrar-General. Registrar-General, Ireland. Thirty-Second detailed Annual Report, containing a general abstract of the numbers of Marriages, Births, and Deaths registered in Ireland during the year 1895. 197 pp., f.cap. Dublin, 1896. Registrar-General. Registrar-General, Scotland. Fortieth detailed Annual Report of Births, Deaths, and Marriages in Scotland (Abstracts of 1894). 481 pp., 8vo. Edinburgh, 1896. Registrar-General. Roche, Prof. Antony, M.R.C.P.I. (Editor). The Imperial Health Manual, being the authorised English Edition of the Official Health Manual issued by the Imperial Health Department, Germany. 294 pp., 8vo. Dublin and London, 1896. The Editor. Roechling, H. Alfred, Assoc.M.Inst.C.E. Bacteria and their importance in the household of Nature. Paper read before Leicester Literary and Philosophical Society, April 20th, 1896. 19 pp., 8vo. Leicester, 1896. The Author. Rome. Ministero dell' Interno. Circa i fatti principali riguardanti l'igiene e la sanità pubblica nel regno nel primo semestre dell anno, 1896, relazione del Prof. L. Pagliani. 21 pp., f.cap. Roma, 1896. Istruzioni ministeriali sull' Igiene del suolo e dell' Abitato. 37 pp., 8vo. Roma, 1896. Direzione della Sanita Pubblica. Sulla Immunità contro la difterite conferita agli animali mediante la somministrazione delle sostanze antitossiche per la via della bocca. Nota preventiva dell Dott Egidio Perini. 2 pp., f.cap. Roma, 1896. The Board. Della Sofisticazione del pane e della paste Alimentari con i prodotti del maiz Bianco per il Dott Achille Schlavo. 8 pp., f.cap. Roma, 1896. Ministero dell' Interno. School Board for London. Report by the Medical Officer, on the Prevalence of Diphtheria in London and elsewhere, and its alleged connection with the Elementary Schools. 40 pp., Plates and Maps. Fol. London, 1896. Sonsino, Dott. Prospero. Contributo alla Entozoologia, d'egitto. 51 pp., 4to. Estratto dalle Mémoires de l'institut Egyptien. Cairo, 1896, Southport, Borough of. Meteorological Department. Report and Results of observations for the year 1895, with two Appendices by Joseph Baxendell, F.R.Met.Soc. 31 pp., 4to. Southport, 1896. The Author. The Author. Storer, Horatio A., M.D. 1796-1896. The Memorials of Edward Jenner. An Address delivered at the Centennial Celebration held at Atlanta, Ga., May, 1896. 19 pp., 8vo. Reprint from "Journal of American Medical Association.' Chicago, 1896. The Author. Switzerland. Statistique de la Suisse 106 livraison. Examen Pédagogique des Recrues en Automne, 1895. 57 pp., 4to. Berne, 1896. Bureau de Statistique. and Water Supplies. The Author. Thresh, J. C., D.Sc.Lond., M.B. Water 438 pp., 8vo. London, 1896. Vaccination. Final Report of the Royal Commission appointed to inquire into the subject of Vaccination. 221 pp., f.cap. London, 1896. Waring, George E., Junr. A Report on the Final Disposition of the Wastes of New York by the Department of Street Cleaning. 159 pp., Svo. New York, 1896. The Author. Purchased. NOTES ON LEGISLATION AND LAW CASES. QUEEN'S BENCH DIVISION. Before the LORD CHIEF JUSTICE and Mr. JUSTICE WILLS. Case stated by a Metropolitan Police Magistrate. At a Court of Summary Jurisdiction a complaint preferred by Albert Bennett, a Sanitary Inspector charged with the execution of the Sale of Food and Drugs Acts (hereinafter called the Respondent), against Spiers and Pond (Limited) (hereinafter called the Appellants) under Section 9 of the Sale of Food and Drugs Act, 1875 (38 and 39 Vic., cap. 63), charging that they, the Appellants, on September 25th, 1895, at Farringdon Street Station, in the parish of St. Sepulchre, in the county of London, did unlawfully sell a certain article-to wit, milk-from which the fat had been abstracted by skimming or otherwise to the extent of at least 17 per cent. without disclosing to the purchaser such abstraction or alteration, contrary to the provisions of Section 9 of the said Act, was heard and determined. At the hearing before the magistrate the following facts were either admitted or proved:-That on the said September 25th, 1895, at about 2.30 p.m., the Respondent entered the said premises, walked up to the counter, and requested to be supplied with a glass of milk, and that an assistant of the Appellants thereupon poured out a glass of milk from a churn standing on the said counter and handed it to the Respondent. That the milk was obtained from the churn by means of a tap, but the churn was so constructed that no milk would flow from the tap unless and until, by pressing a knob or button at the top of the vessel, a piston-rod or "dasher" descended to and reached the bottom. The object of this arrangement was that the milk and cream therein should be kept properly mixed together. That the milk on flowing from the tap was received and was supplied to the Respondent in a glass whereon were distinctly written in a blue colour the words, "Not guaranteed as new or pure milk or with all its cream: see notices." That on the counter, at the distance of a few feet from the place where the Respondent was standing when he was served with the said milk and facing the entrance to the said refreshment rooms from the street, was placed a framed notice, which was in the following words:"Milk Notice.-Spiers and Pond (Limited) purchase all milk sold by them under a warranty of its purity and genuine quality, and take all possible precautions to insure its supply to their customers in proper condition; but they are unable to guarantee it as either new, pure, or with all its cream, and (to meet the requirements of the Sale of Food and Drugs Act) do not, therefore, sell it as such." It was stated by the Respondent that he saw the writing on the glass in which he had been served for the first time whilst he was in the act of dividing the milk for the purpose of fulfilling the requirements of Section 14 of the Act; but that he did not see the notice on the counter until his attention was called to it by the Appellants' assistant immediately afterwards. That the milk, on being submitted to analysis, proved to be deficient in cream to the amount of 17 per cent. It was proved on behalf of the Appellants that the only milk supplied to the Appellants' said refreshment rooms was supplied to them by the London and Provincial Dairy Company, and that a servant of the Company, at 7 a.m. on September 25th, 1895, brought four quarts of milk in a can which was not locked or sealed to the said premises and placed it on the counter; that no other milk was brought to the said premises on that day before the Respondent visited them; that upon the arrival of the milk, the Appellants' assistant, after washing out the churn with hot water, poured into it the contents of the can until the churn was completely filled; and that the portion of the milk remaining in the can after the churn was completely filled was poured into two jugs and sent down to the kitchen of the said premises. It was further proved on behalf of the Appellants that a contract had been entered into in writing on September 18th, 1894, between the Appellants and the Dairy Company for the supply of milk to various London establishments (including the said refreshment rooms) belonging to the Appellants during a period of twelve months from October 1st, 1894, and that a warranty in writing, forming part of the said contract, had been given by the Dairy Company to the Appellants, which was in the words following: "To Spiers and Pond (Limited).-We, the undersigned, hereby warrant that all milk that shall be supplied by us to you shall be new milk in good condition, pure, and unadulterated, in the same state as when taken from the cow, without the addition of water or any other substance, and without the abstraction of cream or any other constituent part of the milk. 66 "LONDON AND PROVINCIAL DAIRY COMPANY, "Date, September 22nd, 1894." 66 It was contended for the Appellants (inter alia) that the writing on the glass, together with the notice on the counter, constituted a sufficient "disclosure of the alteration" within Section 9 of the Act. On behalf of the Respondent it was contended (inter alia) that the said notice and the said inscription on the said glass did not constitute a sufficient "disclosure of the alteration" within the meaning of Section 9 of the Act. The magistrate was of opinion that, there having been an alteration in point of fact, the notices were only in the nature of a refusal to guarantee the quality of the milk, and did not, therefore, constitute a sufficient disclosure of the alteration within the meaning of Section 9 of the Act, and convicted the Appellants, and imposed a penalty of 40s. and £3 3s. costs. The question for the opinion of the Court was whether the Appellants were legally and properly convicted of the offence charged in the complaint. The LORD CHIEF JUSTICE: There is no evidence that the Appellants abstracted anything. Mr. CHANNELL, Q.C. (for the Respondent): I admit there is no evidence if the onus of proving that the Appellants abstracted the cream is on the prosecution. The LORD CHIEF JUSTICE: What more can they do? There was no knowledge of any alteration, if any alteration in fact took place. Sir E. CLARKE, Q.C. (for the Appellants): In consequence of the case of "Dyke v. Gower" (1892, 1 Q.B., 220) the Appellants have taken the precaution to put up the notices. We are not within Sec tion 9 at all, because there has been notice, and therefore diclosure. Unless this notice is held sufficient, Messrs. Spiers and Pond must cease the sale of milk. I am at a loss to imagine why a public body should start a prosecution against Messrs. Spiers and Pond at such a wicked waste of public money. Mr. CHANNELL, Q.C., for the Respondent, submitted that Sections 6 and 9 of the Act were correlative. Section 6 dealt with adding substances to the milk, Section 9 with taking away from it. Here the Appellants had not disclosed that there had been an alteration; they simply said they did not know whether it had, in fact, been altered or not. The Legislature had imposed a penalty in this case where the person was not really in default. There was no suggestion that there was any knowledge on the part of Messrs. Spiers and Pond. Sir E. CLARKE, Q.C., in reply, cited "Gage v. Elsey" (10 Q.B.D., 518); "Pope v. Turle" (L.R. 9, C.P., 499). A NOTE ON THE FINAL REPORT OF THE ROYAL COMMISSION APPOINTED TO INQUIRE INTO THE SUBJECT OF VACCINATION. The following extracts from the report give the questions referred to the Commission, with paragraphs selected from the report, which show the opinions at which they arrived. (A)-The effect of vaccination in reducing the prevalence of, and mortality from, small-pox. 377. We have not disregarded the arguments adduced for the purpose of showing that a belief in vaccination is unsupported by a just view of the facts. We have endeavoured to give full weight to them. Having done so, it has appeared to us impossible to resist the conclusion that vaccination has a protective effect in relation to small-pox. 1. That it diminishes the liability to be attacked by the disease. 2. That it modifies the character of the disease, and renders it (a) less fatal, and (b) of a milder or less severe type. 3. That the protection it affords against attacks of the disease is greatest during the years immediately succeeding the operation of vaccination. It is impossible to fix with precision the |