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to the two words marriage and wedding?-if so, what were those meanings ?-and when did the two words become synonymous? An answer from any one who has thought of the matter would oblige. Whilst on this subject I can hardly refrain from mentioning a curious statement of who are gens mariés. They are put down as Chevalier, prestre et mariage. ('Poës. av. 1300,' iv. p. 1334.) Chevalier and prestre are easy enough to understand, one being married to arms, the other to the Church, but what is the meaning of classing mariage among the gens mariés ?-D.D."

JOHN W. BONE, F.S.A.

SIR PHILIP SIDNEY AND SHAKSPEARE.-Has the following remarkable parallel ever been pointed out? In 'Arcadia,' bk. iii., Sidney says:

"The force of love......doth so enchain the lovers judgment upon her that holds the reins of his mind, that whatsoever she doth is ever in his eyes best, and that best being [in] the continual motion of our changing life turned by her to any other thing, that thing again becometh best. If she sit......if she walk,......that is best. If she be silent, that without comparison is best, since by that means the untroubled eye most freely may devour the eweetness of his object. But if she speak, he will take it upon his death that is best, the quintessence of each word being distilled down into his affected soul." 'Winter's Tale,' IV. iii. :—

When you speak, sweet,
I'd have you do it ever: when you sing,
I'd have you buy and sell so: so give alms:
Pray so and for the ordering your affairs,
To sing them too. When you do dance, I wish you
A wave o' the sea, that you might ever do
Nothing but that: move still, still so,
And own no other function.

The thought, howsoever true, is not trite or obvious, and it can scarcely be doubted that Shakspeare borrowed it from Sidney. It is a good example of his power to embellish in borrowing. The name of Mopsa, Sidney's ill-favoured shepherdess, reappearing in the play, is a small indication that Shakspeare had the romance in his mind while writing. It may seem that Sidney coined the feminine name. Virgil has only Mopsus. Theocritus has neither, so that Shakspeare can scarcely have got it from any other source.

C. B. MOUNT.

TOBACCO AT WINDSOR.-In an "Echo" on the Windsor theatricals of the Prince Consort's time, Mr. Sala, under date March 26, remarks that "such a thing as a cigar or cigarette was never heard of." I have still, I believe, a copy of the acting version of G. H. Lewes's 'Bachelor of Arts,' which was played in the Rubens Room by the Lyceum company. This copy belonged to Charles Mathews, the Harry Jasper of the piece, and was carefully bowdlerized for the occasion by the late W. B. Donne. There is a marginal query, in Mathews's handwriting, as to whether certain cigars, which Jasper and Dolly Thornton have to smoke, are to be smoked; and I have reason to believe that this "business" was slurred over. If, however, "the scent of tobacco" was taboo at

Windsor, it was the scent of volatilized tobacco. George IV. had “ a cellar of snuff," which, teste John Bull, August 15, 1830, was sold, after the king's demise, "to a well-known purveyor, for 400%." W. F. WALLER.

ANNESLEY FAMILY. - Dr. Annesley, at one time Vicar of Cripplegate, was grandfather to the brothers Wesley, by one daughter; another married John Dunton, bookseller, a third is stated to have become second wife and widow of De Foe.

There has been a contention as to Annesley's descent. Samuel Annesley, born 1620, at Kenilworth, was son of John Aneley, of Hareley, Warwickshire; Hareley is probably put for Arley, near Nuneaton, and it is affirmed that this divine was nephew to Arthur, first Earl of Anglesea, who died in 1686. This ennobled family are traced to Annesley, in Nottinghamshire, circa 1079; but later were seated at Newport Pagnell, Bucks. We find that Sir Francis, first Viscount Valentia, born circa 1590, died 1660, married twice, and three sons are recorded, (1) the Earl of Anglesea above named, (2) John of Ballysonan, and (3) Francis. It seems chronologically impossible that a man born in 1620 could have been nephew to this nobleman, while the identification of John Aneley, as above, with the Honourable John Annesley, of co. Kildare, is very doubtful.

Annesley, considered topographically, is very common. There is Ansley, near Atherstone; again, Aneley may be corrupted from Henley; 80 a Warwickshire man need not travel into Nottinghamshire for his eponymous ancestor.

A. HALL.

THE RUSSIAN LANGUAGE.-DR. HYDE CLARKE has drawn the attention of philologists to the number of English words which have passed over to the Netherlands and are now current there. It has probably not escaped the notice of students of the Russian language that a vast number of words of Western origin have been seized upon-fitted in many cases with Russian terminations while some are scarcely altered at all-and incorporated into the language. The dicta of the Emperor Charles V. are well known, viz., that Spanish was the language of the Supreme Being, French was to be used with friends, German with the enemy, and Italian should be employed in addressing the ladies; but the great Lomonossof went still further when he said that Russian could be employed with each and all, as it comprised "the majesty of the Spanish, the vivacity of the French, the strength of the German, and the sweetness of the Italian " (vide Reiff's Russian Grammar ').

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While thoroughly in accord with the sentiments expressed by the erudite grammarian and scientist, I would remark on the frequency with which Western words have been in the past (and are still largely appropriated by Russian writers.

Mr

W. R. Morfill, in his 'History of Russia,' which appreciative mention is made of the aboveforms a volume of the " Story of the Nations" named divine, who appears to have been celebrated series, points out that Peter the Great used Ger- in his day as an author and poet :man words in the naming of St. Petersburg, Cronstadt, and Schlüsselberg. The infinitive termination ovat is often affixed to verbs of foreign origin, as interesovat, admirovat, malevat (German, mahlen), and many others. (This is suggestive of the German verbs which end in ieren, e.g., probieren, studieren, &c.) Again, we find veksel (German, wechsel), litera (idem, Latin), tsirkul (circle) and yakhta (yacht). Pushkin, a versatile master of his own and several other tongues, writes dendi (dandy), vasisdas (vasistas). In the Parisien Russe of March 12 (28 February), I observe kortezh (French, cortège), praktika, delegatsia, detal'ni, and, in inverted commas, chahutisti, members of the armée du chahut of students.

Brixton Hill, S.W.

F. P. MARCHANT.

"William Thompson, a warm lover of our elder bards, and no vulgar imitator of Spenser, was the second son of the Rev. Francis Thompson, Rector of Brough, in WestCollege, Oxford, where he graduated A.M. in 1738. He moreland. He was entered as a scholar at Queen's afterwards became fellow of the same college, and succeeded to the livings of South Weston and Hampton Poyle, in Oxfordshire; after which (according to Alex. Chalmers) he became Dean of Raphoe, in Ireland, where he died about 1766. D'Israeli informs us that he was edition which had been more fortunate if conducted by the reviver of Bishop Hall's "Satires" in 1753, by an his friend Oldys, for the text is unfaithful, though the edition followed was one borrowed from Lord Oxford's library, probably by the aid of Oldys.' In 1757, Thompson published two volumes of Poems,' among which those entitled The Nativity, Sickness,' and 'The Hymn to May,' have met with considerable approbation."-P. 43.

Further researches show him to have been edu

In

These are but a few among many instances which go to show that the Russians, instead of constructing words of Slavonic origin, draw ex-cated at Appleby School, in Westmoreland, and tensively upon the vocabularies of other countries Allibone's Dictionary' gives a short account of to enrich their own. Be it remarked, however, him and his writings, from which it would appear that this in no way detracts from the innate strength "that he was not in the roll of common men.' and beauty of this noblest of languages. 'Selecta Poemata Anglorum' ("editio secunda emendatior") is a long Alcaic ode in Latin, Ode Brumalis ad amicum Oxoniensem,' of twenty-one stanzas, signed G. Thompson, A. M., E. Coll. Reg. Oxon, 1747, which probably owes its paternity to his pen. My friend the Provost of Queen's College, Oxford, is making a collection of engraved portraits of eminent members of that college, and the noble library is assigning a separate niche to Authores Reginenses.' It would be interesting to know whether a portrait of this divine and a collection of his works have been added.

LOWLAND SCOTCH. Why should Scotsmen deliberately caricature themselves? Surely there can be but small satisfaction in any effort to raise a laugh at the expense of one's own nationality. The following attempt at wit occurs in the Weekly Citizen (a Glasgow publication) of March 25 :

"In St. Andrews opinion is very much divided as to the authorship of 'The Silver Domino.' The resident population of that town is in some measure addicted to letters, as is natural in a place where every one who is not a professor is a meonister, stickit or otherwise. One part of the population (the professors, surely), ascribe the book to Mr. W. E. Henley. The other thinks it was written by A. K. H. B., or if not A. K. H. B., at least A. H. K. B.'s son."

What 'The Silver Domino' may be, and who may turn out to be its unfortunate author or authors, are small matters; but it is hard to see why St. Andrews and Lowland Scotch should thus be pilloried with rampant "wit" and riotous English. In the first place, St. Andrews is a city, not a town; and secondly, the people there do not use any such vulgarism as meenister" in their conversation. They pronounce the word like rational beings, and their speech-like that of other Scottish Lowlanders-is a tongue, and not a hideous patois. THOMAS BAYNE.

Helensburgh, N.B.

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JOHN PICKFORd, M.A. Newbourne Rectory, Woodbridge.

NEW TESTAMENT OF OCT. 27, 1548.-Certain notes in the well-known folio Bible printed by to have been written for this edition. Such, howDaye and Seres, 1549, have always been supposed ever, is not the case; they are all copied from the 12mo. New Testament of 1548, including the following note to 1 St. Peter iii.:

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that taketh her as a necessarye healper, and not as a "He dwelleth wyth his wyfe according to knowledge, bonde seruaunte or a bonde slaue. And yf she be not obedient and healpfull vnto hym endeuoureth to beate the feare of God into her heade, that therby she maye be compelled to learne her dutie, and to do it."

The printers are said to dwell "in Sepulchres parish, at the signe of the Resurrection a little aboue Holbourne cōduit "; but the following year we have "Jhon Daye, dwelling at Aldersgate, and William Seres, dwelling in Peter College." The most interesting part of the 1548 12mo. is "The Epistles take out of the olde testament, which are read in the churche after the vse of Salisbury ▼pon certeyne dayes of the yere." Twenty-seven chapters

of the Old Testament are given, in addition to a DIBDIN'S SONGS.-When was the song entitled large number for use on saints' days and other fes-True Courage,' and beginning,— tivals. The rendering of many of these chapters differs from any Bible then in existence.

Huddersfield.

J. R. DORE.

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T. G. WAINEWRIGHT, the art critic and poisoner, exhibited the following pictures in the Academy: 1821, A Romance from Undine'; 1822, Paris in the Chamber of Helen'; 1824, The Milkmaid's Song'; 1825, 'Scene from "Der Freischutz"; 1825, 'Sketch from "La Gerusalemme Liberata. I should be glad if any one could tell me if any of these pictures are extant; and, if so, where; and if they have been reproduced in any form. PICTOR IGNOTUS.

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QUOTATION IN LAMB.-Can any reader say where the following quotation is taken from, used by Lamb in 'The Adventures of Ulysses,' chap. ii.? "Fetch the day about from sun to sun, and rock the tedious year as in a delightful dream.'

Q. X. WM. FARREN (DIED 1800), COMEDIAN.--An entry in the parish register of Lymington, Hants, records the burial, in 1800, of William Farren, "belonging to Stratford's company of Comedians." Was he related in any way to the better known actor, of both names, who died in 1861, aged seventy-five? DANIEL HIPWELL.

27, Hilldrop Crescent, N.

Why, what's that to you if my eyes I'm a wiping? first published? J. D. GENERAL CLAYE.-I should feel much obliged if any of your readers could inform me who was General Claye. I have an interesting picture, on the back of which is written, "General Claye, painted by Gainsboro. Bought at the sale of The General Hare Claye at Christie's, 1854." picture represents the full-length figure of a man in a scarlet coat standing by a horse and with a blue mottled dog at his feet. It is painted in distemper. Т. Н.

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GEORGE ELIOT.-I recollect reading, many years ago, an article in some magazine, headed, as well as I can remember, Will George Eliot ever write Poetry?' I think the first publication of G. Eliot's verse was in 1870, when' Jubal' came out in Macmillan's Magazine, so that this article must have appeared before then. I should be very grateful if any reader of N. & Q' could tell me where such an article is to be found, as I want it for some work I am engaged on. E. H. HICKEY.

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WATERLOO.-Where is a story to be found which my father told me when I was a boy, of an artillery officer at Waterloo, who caught Napoleon within range of his battery, laid a gun on him with the utmost care, and sent an orderly to the duke to know whether he should fire; but the duke, of course, ordered him not to do so? Is the story already published, or only traditional ? latter, my father, as a young deacon in his first curacy just sixty years ago, had an old Peninsular and Waterloo veteran in his service, and this would have been its probable source. What would have been the effect on Europe if this officer had fired on his own responsibility?

Longford, Coventry.

If the

C. F. S. WARRen, M.A.

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many persons whose sight fails as they grow old, if they only live long enough, find it to a great extent come back to them. This is called their "second sight." Is the term used in this sense anywhere else; and is there any truth in the belief of the return of sight? It is, I find, common here. C. C. B.

Epworth.

SOURCE OF QUOTATION WANTED.-Can any reader of N. & Q.' kindly inform me where the following is to be found?

"No memory is so short as political memory; the party that can rely upon forgetfulness need not troubleitself with repentance or conversion."

I give the quotation from memory; but I think it is reproduced with substantial accuracy. I believe the words are Mr. Gladstone's, and that DALLOM-LEE.-Reflecting on the destruction of English nobility at Bannockburn, and the pro-Nineteenth Century somewhere about the year they occur in an article from his pen in the spective dearth of sportsmen thence accruing, 1880. I have, however, been unable to find them. Scott writes thus in the 'Lord of the Isles,'vi. xxiii.: KING'S BENCh Walk. QUADRUPLE BIRTHS.-The following is from

Let stags of Sherwood leap for glee,
And bound the deer of Dallom-Lee !

Will some reader kindly state where Dallom-the Birmingham Daily Post of Feb. 16. I have Lee is, and why it is thus distinguished? Per- not access at present to indexes of the older series haps some one will also say who Sanzavere was, of N. & Q.,' and do not know whether any similar mentioned in stanza xxv. of the same canto. records occur, but this seems worth preserving :— THOMAS BAYNE. "On Monday the wife of a workman at Sittingbourne Helensburgh, N.B. gave birth to four children-three girls and a boy-who lived twenty-four hours, and died on Tuesday. parents, who have not long been married, before the infants died had five children, all of them having been with, with a view of obtaining the Royal bounty." born in a year. The Queen has been communicated being produced at one birth? Is there any record of more than four children R. HUDSON.

TIPPINS.-May I beg to ask if any of your numerous correspondents could tell me what the crest and motto is (also coat of arms, if any) of the Tippins family? Also may I ask if any one could inform me whence the name, if it is British, originated?

A. LEWIS.

LONG FAMILY.-Would any of your correspondents inform me whether Walter Long, of South Wraxhall, Wilts, who died 1807, left any issue, and whether any of his sisters were ever married? GEORGE LONG.

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SIR GEORGE CHUDLEIGH, THIRD BARONET. Wotton and Burke both say that in addition to George, the fourth baronet, and Thomas, father of the fifth, and Elizabeth (who was convicted of bigamously marrying the second and last Duke of Kingston during the lifetime of her husband, who became third Earl of Bristol), had other issue. Can any one give particulars of these children, evidently daughters, and what became of them? J. G. G. H. "CURATION."-The enclosed entry I find in "The Pontefract Act Book':

"3 October, 1712.-Curation of the person and portion of Marie Vanner alias Morkill daughter of Anne Vanner alias Morkill alias Smith now wife of Richard Redman of Darrington dioc. of York decd. [defuncte] commission was granted to John Vanner."

Some of your readers may throw light on its meaning.

Fulford, York.

R. F. WOOD.

FOLK-TALE-When does the popular story of the land where roast pigs run about with knives and forks stuck in them, crying "Come eat me," first occur in English literature? Is it of foreign origin; and, if so, what is its descent in French, German, Italian, or Spanish? B. L. R. C.

The

was

ENGLISH ACTRESS IN PARIS.-Voltaire says, in his essay on Ancient and Modern Tragedy, that "La principale actrice de Londres present at the first performance of his 'Sémiramis at Paris on Aug. 29, 1748. Was this Mrs. Cibber, Peg Woffington, or any other great English actress ? LITERATUS.

SIR HENRY LANGFORD, BART.-Under this heading a query occurs in 'N. & Q.,' 3rd S. i. 12, and a reply at p. 155 of same volume, from which it appears that Sir Henry was High Sheriff of Devon in the reign of George I.; that he purchased the manor of Kings Kerswell in 1710, and left it to his relative Thomas Brown; that he was buried in a vault beneath the communion table in Kings Kerswell Church; and that his arms were Paly of six or and gu., on a chief of the first a lion passant gardant of the second. As the baronetcy is not mentioned in the 1845 edition of Burke's 'Extinct Baronetage,' or in Solly's Titles of Honour (1880), I venture to ask if there is any proof of the title of baronet having been conferred on Sir Henry; and, if so, for any genealogical details which it might be thought desirable to offer for incorporation in the next edition of the 'Extinct Baronetage' when it appears. SIGMA.

ANECDOTE OF QUEEN VICTORIA.-Most of Her Majesty's subjects, I suppose, have heard the story, reported as told by Baroness Lehzen, of the Queen's discovery, when ten years old, of her nearness to the throne-how she gave her hand

to her governess, saying, "I will be good," and added, "Now I see why you made me learn Latin; my cousins Augusta and Mary never did." Is this anecdote true? The diction is not at all that of a child of ten years; but if the original language be German, that is easily explained. The "cousins" are a much more unaccountable element. The Queen was ten years of age in May, 1829, when her cousin Augusta was aged less than seven, and her cousin Mary was aged nothing, Either Baroness Lehzen's memory strangely failed her, or Her Majesty must have been a youthful prophetess of no mean order, if she were able to foresee the name and style of education of a cousin who was not born till four years after her remark was made. Can any one tell us the facts of the HERMENTRUDE.

case?

A BELT GIVEN TO INDIANS.-A letter from New Jersey, dated Oct. 28, 1758, states that at a "meeting of the warrior Indians, peace was solemnly ratified by a large piece of belt, which was delivered by the two governors to the Confederate chiefs, and by them handed round to all the Indians present......and his excellency Governor Bernard gave a large belt to the Confederate chiefs, to be a perpetual memorial that the province of New Jersey was now wholly discharged from all Indian claims" ('Annual Register,' ii, 58). Why a "belt "?

W. P.

THEODOR KÖRNER.-Will some one kindly tell me where I can purchase the following works relating to the young soldier poet of Germany? (1) The Life and Works of Charles Theodor Körner,' Glasgow, 1824. (2) 'The Life of Carl Theodor Körner, written by his Father, with Selections of his Poems, Tales, and Dramas.' By G. S. Richardson. 2 vols., 1827. Replies may, for convenience sake, be sent to me direct. I may add that I have searched in vain for these works for a considerable time. RICHARD EDGCUMBE. 2, Reichs Strasse, Dresden.

ERASMUS LLOYD.-I shall be very grateful to any of your readers for information about Erasmus Lloyd, who was harpist to King George III.; at what period of his reign I am unable to state. He had an extensive estate, in some part of Wales, and died, leaving a fortune extending over six figures. I cannot find any record touching upon harpists, and am at a loss how to gain the information I seek in your journal.

W. OWEN.

A CURIOUS OLD BOOK.-What is known about the authorship of a curious controversial treatise entitled, "The old-fashion Farmer's motives for leaving the Church of England and embracing the Roman Catholic Faith'? It has no publisher's or even printer's name, but only the date 1778 on its title-page. E. WALFORD, M. A. Ventnor.

Beylies.

ACCURATE LANGUAGE. (8th S. iii. 104, 196.)

Of course I agree with MR. E. PEACOCK's sensible remarks on the use of language which, though not now consistent with scientific accuracy, was used by the men of old to express the apparent behaviour of phenomena, and cannot now be altered. There are many such examples, not only in the language of everyday life, but also in the terminology of science. For example, when a certain gas was first discovered, and was found to form acids in combination with certain others bodies, such as carbon, sulphur, &c., Lavoisier supposed it to be the principle of acidity, and hence named it oxygen, or the generator of acid. But when Davy produced an acid (the hydrochloric) that contained no oxygen, it was too late to change the word for a more expressive one, although great improvements in chemical nomenclature were being made, and have continued to be made ever since. Nevertheless certain eccentricities remain. For example, there is a compound named gallic acid produced from nut-galls. A French chemist discovered in the decomposition of this compound another acid, and, wanting a name for it, he took the French word galle, and spelt it backwards, thus forming ellag-ic acid.

But the words in common use complained of in my former note form no part of the idiom of our noble language, but are examples of the slovenly mode in which it is often used in the ordinary speech of everyday life, as well as in writing and in reading aloud. The reason for this state of things I proposed to consider on a future occasion, which, with the Editor's permission, I now proceed to do, at least so far as those reasons commend themselves to my judgment.

The causes which led to the depreciation of our language among all classes are various; but the chief among them has been the supreme importance attached to the dead languages in education. intellectual sleep of the dark ages, they had only When men began to open their eyes after the became conscious of the existence of certain perfect a rude kind of literature of their own; but they models of style that the ancients had left, and which the bigotry of the monks had not succeeded in entirely exterminating. The first intellectual awakening was in Italy, in what is known as the Renaissance, or new birth, which was begun by Dante and ended with Petrarch. This brought the Latin language into favour, and the love of its best forms gradually spread over Europe. It had never become a really dead language, seeing that it was perpetuated in the services of the Church, and practised in the scriptoria of the monasteries. The Church, however, did not preserve or cultivate

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