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L'INTERMEDIAIRE

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index of Pleadings under the date, and, very likely, obtain reference to the pleadings in that suit, which appear simply under the title, "Jones v. Brown," a reference which, without the information derived from the Calendar to Depositions, would carry to the searcher's mind no indication of he is interested. Exactly the same remark applies the fact that the suit was about the place in which to the indices to the Decrees and Orders, which are arranged chronologically, and give only the parties' names, and, for the most part, nothing else; but of these presently. I do not say that in anything like all the suits in the Exchequer we have Depositions; but I say that in collecting the various records in an Exchequer suit it is well, in the first instance, to go to the Calendar of Depositions, which is easy to search, and affords-if you find your suit-information as to its date and exact title.

I ought to point out here that bound up with the calendar to these depositions which were taken by commission is also a list of those commissions issued out of the Exchequer to inquire into lands "concealed" from the Crown, encroachments, the Library'-Thornely's Monumental Brasses of Lancashire possessions of traitors, &c., the returns to which

Cobblers called "Snobs," 479.
NOTES ON BOOKS:-Simpson's St. Paul's Cathedral

and Cheshire'-Stebbing's History of Crustacea'-Wilson's Epochs of American History'- Hester's 'Nevill Simmons.'

Notices to Correspondents.

Notes.

OUR PUBLIC RECORDS.
(Continued from p. 422.)

I now come to deal with the records of the Judicial branch of the Exchequer. Taking first the Equity or Queen's Remembrancer's (Q.R.) side, we find an enormous number of documents of the highest value to the legal antiquary, the topographer, and the genealogist.

Suits in this division of the Exchequer were commenced, as in Chancery, by Bill; these Bills, with the Answers to them, Replications, and Rejoinders, exist from the commencement of Elizabeth's reign to the year 1841. They are preserved in portfolios, arranged chronologically according to counties, and are referred to by a number of contemporary indices compiled upon a similar system. But the entries in this index are meagre; in many cases they record only the names of the parties, though in a few they also give the name of the place about which is the suit.

To the Depositions, however, a fuller calendar exists, also arranged chronologically under counties. This calendar gives the date, names of all the parties to the suit, and the subject of the suit; so that the inquirer who finds from depositions that the customs of such and such a manor were the subject of the suit of Jones v. Brown, tried in the Exchequer in, say, 10 James I., can turn to the

The

are often exceedingly valuable surveys. calendar is arranged chronologically under counties, and in each county precedes that to the Depositions. There are few of these "Special Commissions," as they are called, of an earlier date than Elizabeth, and these are calendared chronologically in a small MS. calendar. Besides the Depositions just described there are the Barons' Depositions, or those taken before the Barons of the Exchequer. These exist from the time of Elizabeth to the year 1841. For those of Elizabeth there is a calendar; the rest are arranged alphabetically under the titles of the suits.

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The Decrees and Orders of the Court of Exchequer cover a period of nearly three centuries, from Elizabeth to 1841, and are entered in volumes known as Decree Books and Order Books; the original Decrees and Orders also exist for nearly all this time, but are seldom used. To the entries of Decrees and Orders there are several calendars, which are confusing from the fact that the dates to which they relate overlap. Some of these have been compiled recently, others are contemporary. It should be also mentioned that numerous Decrees of the Court of Exchequer are entered on what are called the "Memoranda " Rolls (Q.R.). These are referred to Agenda Books and Repertories, and many, in a very useful index-which also refers to the Decree and Order books-known as "Martin's Index," arranged under places. This is only an index to selections; but it contains a great many references, and it is worthy of being referred to in most searches in Exchequer records.

All the indices or calendars to the Exchequer

legal records, with the exception of the Agenda Books, are kept in the "Legal" Seach Room at the Public Record Office, the Agenda Books are in the "Literary" Room. Amongst the uncalendared classes of records on this, the Equity, side of the Exchequer may be mentioned Affidavits (1572 to 1841), Informations (Eliz. to William IV.), and Reports and Certificates (1648 to 1841).

to these there is a MS. Index. The Decrees, which exist for the latter part of the reign of Henry VIII. and for that of Edward VI., are contained in 'Aug. Mis. Bks.,' vols. xci. to cv., to these there is a calendar; whilst Informations and various other proceedings are entered in vols. clxv. of the same series. The Pleadings in the Court of General Surveyors are contained in a box, the reference On the Common Law side of the Exchequer the to which is "Exchequer Treasury of Receipt, best-known, and certainly the most important class No. 111." The Decrees and Orders (34 to 38 Henry of records is the "Plea Rolls," which extends over VIII.) are entered in the Augmentation Office a period of nearly 600 years, from 53 Henry III. to Miscell. Books,' vol. cvi.; a calendar to this ap1855. The greatest variety of entries relating both pears on pp. 166-196 of the Appendix to the to ecclesiastical and civil matters occur on these Thirtieth Report of the Deputy Keeper. The rolls, but there is no complete calendar to what is records of the Court of First Fruits and Tenths entered upon them. The calendar, which exists in consist of Plea Rolls (Mary to Geo. II., to which two forms, chronological and alphabetical, is, how-there is a volume of index), Process Books (29 ever, an exceedingly useful one; it is to be found in Henry VIII. to 1817, 13 vols.), and several packthe "Literary" Search Room. On the Common ages of miscellaneous documents (Henry VIII. to Law side of the Exchequer there are forty-seven William IV.). W. J. HARDY. rolls (3 Hen. III. to 14 Edward I.) known as the (To be continued.) "Jews' Rolls," on which are entered the Pleas held before the Justices of the Jews; there are also "Order Books" (Edward VI. to 1830) and Minute Books, 1657 to 1830.

A CURIOUS BELFRY CUSTOM. At Treswell, Laneham, and East Drayton, three Nottinghamshire villages situated in close proximity to each other, and not far from the Trent side, it was formerly a custom for the bell-ringers to record marriages on the belfry walls of their respective parish churches.

I have not yet spoken of the records of the Lord Treasurer's Rembrancer's (Exchequer L.T.R.) branch of the Exchequer. In these we have important material relating to claims of various kinds, such as claims to markets or fairs, wreck, &c., and also to accounts of the sheriffs, and as to On one of my summer visits to Treswell when a fines, issues, or amerciaments due to the Ex-boy, quite thirty-five years ago, Mr. Daniels, the chequer from the courts at Westminster. The principal class of records in this division is the "Memoranda" Rolls, which exist from 1 Henry III. to 5 William IV.

No very satisfactory calendar exists to these rolls; that most frequently used is known as "Jones's Index" (printed), which is a calendar to selections from entries on the rolls from Henry III. to Geo. II., arranged alphabetically under places with an index nominum at the end. Beside this index there are numerous repertories and agenda books, which serve as a guide to those who desire to consult the rolls; a list of these is set out in Mr. Bird's' Handbook,' p. 205. There are also on the "L.T. R." side the Exchequer Entry Books of Orders and Minute Books.

then rector, pointed out to me certain red-ochre marks, squares and rings, on the interior walls of the tower, where the bells were rung from the floor of the church. I have a dim recollection that my informant said these markings were called "cakes," because they were put there as memorials of gifts of cakes to the ringers on wedding days. But having never met with such-like records of marriages on church walls elsewhere, nor, indeed, of any printed account of such a custom, and thinking memory might have played me false, I recently made inquiries from the clergymen of those parishes, who have kindly furnished me with information of a very interesting character.

thirty years ago, and that only a few traces of portions of circles encroaching upon the stonework of the belfry arch are now visible.

Dr. Stott, the present rector of Treswell, says that the old belfry records were covered over with The Judicial Proceedings of the Court of Aug-plaster at the restoration of that church about mentations, the Court of General Surveyors, and the Court of First Fruits and Tenths-which were branches of the Exchequer also demand attention. In these we have Writs, Pleadings, Informations, and Decrees, which, though they contain matter of much topographical and genealogical interest, are but seldom consulted.

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In the Court of Augmentations there are five volumes of Pleadings (temp. Henry VIII., Aug. Mis. Bks,' vols. xix. to xxiii.), Depositions (Henry VIII. to Edward IV., ibid., vols. cviii. to cxxxiii.);

Strarge to say, at Rampton, less than two miles away, and about half way between Treswell and Laneham, there are no evidences of such marks on any part of the walls of the church, and no one remembers such a custom to have been observed in that village.

At Laneham, however, only two miles further, there are still to be seen on the belfry walls twenty

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