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'THE SIEGE OF BELGRADE' (8th S. iii. 68).If D-T will refer to a reply (7th S. xi. 213) headed "An Austrian Army," &c., he will find that Mr. Alaric A. Watts, according to his son's published account, was the author of the nonsensical lines, which first appeared in the Literary Gazette, 1820. J. DIXON.

TERMS USED IN CONNEXION WITH THE THUN DERSTORM (8th S. ii. 201, 413, 533; iii. 74).—It is asserted by MR. C. A. WARD that "there is no verb 'to thunderstrike' extant." This "universal negative is too wide a verdict for a mortal judgment to place on record." The verb occurs in 'Childe Harold,' c. iv. st. 181:

The armaments which thunderstrike the walls
Of rock-built cities.

R. D. WILSON.

"WHAT CHEER?" (8th S. iii. 66.)-Surely no one at all familiar with English literature imagines this phrase to have taken its rise as "modern slang"! It occurs, for instance, not infrequently in Shakespere; a glance at Schmidt's 'Lexicon' showing that the poet uses it at least six times. This will no doubt have been remembered ere now by so good a Shakesperean scholar as Dr. Furnivall, to whom so many, I among the number, have owed gratitude for kind encouragement and help in the study of Shakespere. E. H. HICKEY. Hampstead.

PLAINNESS VERSUS BEAUTY (8th S. ii. 289, 477; iii. 72).—I quoted some lines of Shakspeare, but I made no reference to Lord Carlisle or to the lines quoted by MR. HEATHCOTE, who has attributed to me the answer of another contributor.

E. YARDLEY.

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The said Edward Cozens, only son of Daniel Cozens, of Chilham, who died June 18, 1749, aged sixty-three (by Mary his wife, daughter of Wm. and Bridget Read, of Godmersham, co. Kent, who died Jan. 29, 1779, at. seventy-nine), was descended from the family of Cozens, Cozins, Cousins, or Cosseyns (as the name was written at different periods), of Sandwich and its neighbourhood. He was born at Upper Hardres, Kent, Nov. 3, 1719, became in 1743 master of the school kept in the church of Chilham, and on Oct. 17, 1756, was nominated and appointed clerk of the same parish, in both which offices he continued till his death on April 11, 1783, being then aged sixty-three years. He had issue by Mary his wife (to whom he was married in the parish church of St. Martin, Canterbury, in 1745), seven sons and one

daughter, Mary. Zechariah, his youngest child, born in 1763, was appointed with his mother Mrs. Mary Cozens, widow (who died at Chilham, Dec. 16, 1795, in her seventieth year), to the management of the charity school at Margate on its establishment at Michaelmas, 1787. He was the author of 'A Tour through the Isle of Thanet, and some other Parts of East Kent,' 4to., Lond., 1793, and for many years an occasional contributor to the Gentleman's Magazine of papers relating to topographical subjects in the vicinity af his reunder his own signature, but oftener under initials sidence, his communications sometimes appearing assumed from the title of an office he filled with much commendation, viz., T. MOT. F.S.M., i.e., "The Master of the Free School, Margate." After a union of nearly twenty-three years, the death occurred at Margate, on July 7, 1810, of his wife Jane, born circa 1763, descended from the Bedoes of Lymne, near Hythe, Kent, "John Bedo, gent., ob. Sept. 14, 1767, ætat. 73," being her grandfather. It appears from a note on p. 456 of his Tour' that Mr. Cozens possessed an ample MS. collection of monumental inscriptions, topographical notes, &c., to illustrate the antiquities of his native county. It had been the intention of the author to resume and extend his operations to all the remaining churches in the arch-diocese of Canterbury, for which purpose some hundred pages of manuscript had been prepared for the press. Is anything known of the subsequent history of these MSS.? It is possible that one of your correspondents may be in a position to furnish a note of Mr. Cozens's death and the place of his burial. DANIEL HIPWELL.

17, Hilldrop Crescent, N.

WESLEY AND THE MICROSCOPE (8th S. ii. 448; iii. 13).—The curious quotation furnished by MR. WEST from a sermon by John Wesley, as to microscopic animals, reminds me of reading, many years ago, a little octavo volume, published in one of the latter years of the seventeenth century, in which the writer, who was evidently a man learned in the physical sciences of his day, took upon himself to reply to those obscurantists who maintained that the revelations of the microscope were

deceitful and fallacious." I have forgotten the title of the book, and do not know whether the writer's name was given on the title-page. If any one can identify it by this very shadowy description I shall be grateful. K. P. D. E.

ST. THOMAS'S DAY CUSTOM: APPLES ANd St. CLEMENT'S DAY (8th S. iii. 29). Similar queries were inserted in N. & Q.' upwards of forty years ago (see 1st S. v. 393). Of all the anniversaries religiously observed by our ancestors, Christmas Day is the only one which preserves its ancient position. St. Thomas's Day, St. Clement's Day, with very many other notable feasts have com

pletely sunk into oblivion, and their very origin is unknown.

'Going a Gooding' on St. Thomas's Day (Dec. 21) in Staffordshire was the subject of a communication to N. & Q.' by the late CUTHBERT BEDE (2nd S. iv. 487), and is also described by Timbs, in his 'Garland for the Year,' p. 128. There is but little information to be gleaned from Brand's 'Popular Antiquities' or Hone's books. The fullest and best account of the custom will be found in Chambers's Book of Days,' ii. 723-4, under the title of 'Going a-Thomasing.' The following, from the publication Long Ago (ii. 81), is said to have been sung in Worcestershire by the children going from house to house :

Wassail, Wassail, through the town,

If you've got any apples, throw them down;
Up with the stocking, and down with the shoe,
If you've got no apples, money will do;
The jug is white, and the beer is brown,
This is the best house in the town.

The doggerel sung in Staffordshire and Worcestershire, on the apple feast of St. Clement (Nov. 23) is given in N. & Q.,' 1st S. viii. 618, also, with slight variations, in Timbs's 'Garland for the Year.' The ceremonies observed on both days, with the rhymes recited by the children in the various counties of England, may be found in a recently published volume, entitled 'English FolkRhymes,' by G. F. Northall.

EVERARD HOME COLEMAN.

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pre

71, Brecknock Road.
SIR GEORGE DOWNING (8th S. ii. 464; iii. 39).
-I cannot agree with MR. HALL that Pepys, in
what he says of Sir George Downing, was
judiced." Pepys tells that "everything Downing
had in the world he owed to Cromwell," the arch
regicide. Hume tells that Downing had been
chaplain in Okey's regiment. Now, Okey was one
of the three regicides denounced by Downing, and
executed. Nothing could be more base. So far
from Pepys being prejudiced, he says, "the action
is good and of service to the King, yet he cannot
with a safe conscience do it." Afterwards he

admits that Downing was "active and a man of
business." An active man of business may be a
scoundrel.
J. CARRICK MOORE.

To the citations from Pepys add, from Evelyn's 'Diary,' the following references: Vol. i. pp. 8 and 59; vol. iii. p. 242.

EDWARD H. MARSHALL, M.A.

describe just when they are learning to describe accurately. No doubt their descriptions will become more truthful, and therefore more beautiful, but they are not likely as yet to have to weep for fresh worlds to conquer; nor is man, as man, likely to become weary yet awhile of his beautiful and wellstored abode. That man himself, rather than his abode, will be the chief theme of the poets of the future is doubtless true, as it has always been true; but man's physical environment will always be interesting to him, and every generation will look at it with fresh eyes. We shall have no more Thomsons or Cowpers; but just because these men and their mode is so hopelessly outworn there must be a new descriptive poetry. Science and poetry will yet join hands again :

And make one music as before,
But vaster.

C. C. B.

"JAGG" (8th S. ii. 407, 476).-The word jag is used in most parts of West Essex, certainly in this neighbourhood. A jag of wood, hay, straw, manure, &c., is intended to mean a little less than a one-horse cartload. The old people round me say that they and their fathers before them have always used the word. M. LOCKWOOD, Colonel.

Romford.

BALE (8th S. ii. 389; iii. 32).—On the authority of Alumni Westmonasterienses' (1852, p. 471) it is stated that Charles Sackville Bale, Esq., was a town - boy at Westminster School, a canoneer student of Christ Church, graduated B.A. in 1813, and M. A. in 1816. His grandfather and father, each named Sackville Stephens Bale, were educated at the school and elected to Christ Church in 1742 and 1771. His younger brother, George Bale, was elected to Oxford in 1810, B. A. in 1814, M. A. in 1816, and was appointed Rector of Odcombe, Somersetshire, in 1836. This was the living of the Rev. George Coriate, whose son Tom Coriate, or Coryat, author of 'Crudities hastily Gobbled up,' was born there in 1577.

JOHN PICKFORD, M.A. Newbourne Rectory, Woodbridge.

PORTRAITS OF ROBERT BURNS (8th S. ii. 428; iii. 29).-I am obliged to MR. NASH for his information that the large "profiles" by Miers were reduced by means of the pantograph. He has, however, fallen into error in his statement that we Hastings. have "abundant proof" of Burns having sat to Miers, in the fact that the poet sent one of the THE POETS IN A THUNDERSTORM (8th S. ii. 422,"profiles" to Tytler, of Woodhouselee. If we had 482; iii. 22).-Whilst thanking PROF. TOMLINSON, as all readers of N. & Q.' will agree to do, for his capital series of articles on this subject, I must question his assertion that descriptive poetry has had its day-is exhausted. It would be strange indeed, if it were true, that poets should cease to

no stronger proof than this we might well remain uncertain; for there is no evidence that it was a "profile" that accompanied the poem sent to Tytler. Burns was in the habit of giving away to his friends proof impressions of the engraving by Beugo after Nasmyth's portrait (see his letter to

the Rev. Dr. Hugh Blair, May 3, 1787); it was very probably one of these that he sent to Tytler. MR. NASH will find from Paterson's edition of 'Burns,' vol. ii. p. 70, that the proof engraving given to Tytler passed into the possession of Dr. David Laing.

To the inquiry of MR. NASH regarding the reproduction of the profile given in Allan Cunningham's edition of Burns,' "What was it engraved from?" Cunningham himself replies in that edition, vol. vi. p. 273: "The kindness of Mr. Field, profilist, Strand [the successor of Miers], has not only indulged me with a look at the original outline of the Poet's face, but has put me in possession of a capital copy"; and Hog acknowledges a similar source for the original from which his own (very inaccurate) engraving of the profile was given. See Hog and Motherwell's edition of Burns,' vol. v. p. 185 (Glasgow, 1835-6).

I am also grateful for MR. TAVARE's communication regarding Burns's portraits; but none of the editions which he quotes includes the engraving to which I referred: "An oval portrait (three and three-seventh by three inches) inscribed below 'Nasmyth pinxt., Robert Burns, engraved from a drawing of A. Skirving, by J. Beugo.'" I believe this to be the engraving given in the Belfast edition of 1807, but am not certain. EFFIGIES.

LEGEND OF ST. FFRAID (8th S. ii. 465; iii. 33). -According to Moule's Heraldry of Fish,' it is in Scotland that the smelt is known as the sparling, very much resembling the Dutch name for it, the spiering. The same authority adds, this fish abounds in the Frith of Forth and the river Tay in large quantities. Still the Sparling family, of Felton Hall, Shropshire, bear three smelts in their arms, and it would be interesting to know how they came by this punning coat if of English

origin.

Water Orton.

J. BAGNALL.

GROTTO AT MARGATE (8th S. iii. 7).-Shell grottoes dating from the eighteenth century are frequently seen in the grounds of old country houses. At Goodwood there is a very large one, composed of numerous varieties of shells, arranged in various devices and paved with black and white marble and horses' teeth. It was made by Sarah, second Duchess of Richmond, assisted by her daughters, Georgina, afterwards Lady Holland, the mother of Charles James Fox, Emilia, afterwards Duchess of Leinster, and Sarah, George III.'s love, the mother of the Napiers.

Swallowfield, Reading.

CONSTANCE RUSSELL.

I visited this wonderful and beautiful place in the summer of 1890. A description of it, with its long winding passages, and walls emblazoned with designs in thousands of shells of different forms,

sizes, and colours, representing the sun, stars, triangles, crescents, hearts, swords, daggers, flowers, &c., will be found in Temple Bar for July, 1885, vol. lxxiv. p. 396. EVERARD HOME COLEMAN. 71, Brecknock Road.

Mackenzie Walcott, in 'A Guide to the Coast of Kent,' Lon., 1859, p. 118, writes of this grotto :

and lined with shells; the work of an ingenious artizan, "At the Dane' is a grotto hewn out of the chalk, who emigrated to America. It was long regarded as a venerable relic of antiquity." ED. MARSHALL.

"THE Zoo" (8th S. iii. 6).-To MR. DIXON'S instances of our tendency to clip words may not that of tram be added?-the only one I can recall which springs from the clipping or cutting down of a surname. In 1800 Benjamin Outram used stone props instead of timber for supporting the ends and joinings of iron rails (first laid down in 1738), which then came to be called tram roads or rails. They met with strong opposition, especially from those interested in canals, and the Duke of Bridgewater remarked to Lord Kenyon, "We shall do well enough if we can keep clear of these dtram-roads: there's mischief in them." The most vulgar shortening of any long word is, I am told by ladies, that of perambulator (the curse of modern suburban life!) into pram. JNO. BLOUNDELLE-BURTON.

66

Barnes Common.

I am afraid that your correspondent's protest is "too late a week." Zoo has become established, and is not likely to be superseded by zo. I have heard cockneys, striving after correctness, pronounce zo-ological as zoo-alogical; the zoo was still there. No doubt they would call the constellation Bootes "Boots," as I have heard it called. Perhaps in the future, when we are able to communicate with the stars, and when board schools, &c., have produced a much higher average of educated people, such monstrosities will cease to exist-but, query? F. C. BIRKBECK TERRY.

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C. C. B. first says I am right, and then takes COURSE OF TIME (8th S. ii. 248, 392, 532). — me to be so that I shall "laugh consumedly" at what he says. I certainly smile at what he says, whether from masculinity or otherwise we can

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leave readers to determine. But there is a further He persuades himoddity he wishes to ventilate. self that such phrases as up to date" may be understood as beautiful 66 unconscious acknowledgments" that life should consist of virtuous deeds rather than length of days. He discovers in this "a peculiar appropriateness," and contends for it in the sentence, This is the best thing of its kind that has appeared up to the present time." I would, upon the strength of this, venture to ask him how the following affects him: "Down to the

very last day of the year nothing so good as this occurred"? Does this morally dishearten the aspiration of C. C. B. He has an aspiration for "upward progress," for "constantly rising higher," in pursuit of perfection which Time, later on, shall finally register to his glory. I do not like to check a career of ambition that is harmless, or I should ask, What has this to do with the question as to the grammatical use of two words? Progress is as much down as up; and is there not some danger for England ahead, lest a country that can no longer grow corn should after a while cease to grow men? Is this also too masculine minded and true for him?

Chingford Hatch, E.

C. A. WARD.

am

Catalogue of Miniatures of 1889 there are a
number of this painter's works enumerated and
their owners' names given. In the introductory
matter to the last-named catalogue there is a bio-
graphical notice of George Engleheart.
A. L. HUMPHREYS.

MR. LEO CULLETON have any objection to give his
BOOK-PLATE (8th S. ii. 188, 274, 490).—Would
nexion with Governor Daniel Smith of Nevis? I
reason for suggesting Edy or Vaughan in con-
am trying to disentangle several families of Smith,
which seem to be, but are not, connected, and as
Edy is a Barbadian name, the reason might be
very helpful to me in Smiths of Barbados.
VERNON.

Does the word up always or necessarily imply the contrary of down? It appears to be used JARNDYCE (8th S. iii. 24).-The disposal of the frequently as designating close approach, as "I Jennens case in 1878 was immediately followed came up with him," "I went up to it." Shake-by two communications from correspondents of speare has "Bind up my wounds." Unless I 'N. & Q.' (see 5th S. ix. 207, 274). Biographical in error, "up to this time" means a close approach accounts of William Jennens appear in Kirby's to this time, and is therefore more correct than 'Wonderful Museum,' i. 237, and Wilson's 'Won"down to this," which does imply descent. derful Characters,' i. 474. I fail to find the name of Jarndyce in any of the seven volumes of the General Indexes of 'N. & Q.,' but many Jennens queries are in the first three series.

F. J. P.
MACARONIC VERSES ASCRIBED TO LORD SHER-
BROOKE (8th S. ii. 389).—The verses of Lord Sher-
brooke on the Queen's visit were not in Greek,
but in Latin:-
-

Poema Canino-Anglico-Latinum
Super adventu recenti

Serenissimarum Principum.

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71, Brecknock Road.

EVERARD HOME COLEMAN.

PHILAZER (8th S. iii. 28).-More accurately filazer or filacer, also written filizer (from O. Fr. filace, file for stringing papers). Coles, in his 'English Dictionary' (1732 ed.), thus briefly explains the word: "Filazers, fourteen officers in the common-pleas, filing original writs that issue from the chancery, and making out process thereupon." For further details MR. STONARDE may consult Les Termes de la Ley,' Jacob's 'Law Dictionary,' &c. I find, on reference to Chamberlayne's' Magnæ Britanniæ Notitia' for 1745, pt. ii. p. 280, a list of Philazers (sic) for that year, with the counties, or groups of counties, &c., belonging to each, which numbers sixteen. Rees's 'Cyclopædia' (1819) states the number as nine. Mention of them is made at least as early as 1431, in statute 10 Hen. VI. c. 4. They were abolished in 1837 (7 Will. IV. and 1 Vict. c. 30).

105, Albany Road, Camberwell, S.E.

F. ADAMS.

LEATHER MONEY (8th S. ii. 308, 394, 517; iii. 36).-After MR. R. HUDSON'S "mild protest' at the last reference, I may be allowed to offer my poor apology, and at the same time to thank him for the information conveyed concerning the commonness of Anglesey pennies, in the few words he writes to you. But as 'N. & Q.' was intended to help, I desired to be put into communication with ESTE on the matter of copper tokens, of which he is (so I understand from his note of the second reference, in the first part) a collector. I am sorry that

my note, of some little courtesy, should have been Ripley and Dana's New American Cyclopædia
impugned by your correspondent, for which, how-(1875), Nagler's 'Künstler-Lexicon' (1835–52),
ever, I may easily pardon him. I would not have Rose's Biographical Dictionary,' 'Biographie
this indirect usefulness of 'N. & Q.' destroyed. Universelle,' and Drake's 'Dictionary of American
I have been loath to vindicate myself thus lengthily. Biography.'
LEO CULLETON.
HERBERT HARDY.

Earls Heaton, Dewsbury.

OXFORD POETS (8th S. ii. 485).-Barton Holyday, Archdeacon of Oxford, is described as a poet (see N. & Q.,' 7th S. xii. 19). A relation of Holyday's by marriage, Wm. Fynmore, Archdeacon of Chester, is credited by your late correspondent, J. E. BAILEY, with being the author of some spirited lines beginning::

Drums, beat an onset; let the rebels feel How sharp our grief is by our sharper steel! I should be glad to discover the remainder; also if Fynmore published any other poems. He was of Christ Church, Oxford, M. A. in 1649. Imprisoned for taking part in the rising of Sir George Booth in 1659, in what capacity was he there-chaplain? Sandgate, Kent.

R. J. FYNMORE.

MARINO'S SONNET ON THE SONNET (8th S. i. 87, 135, 177).-MR. WALTER HAMILTON, at the last reference, quotes an American parody of Wordsworth's sonnet beginning "Scorn not the Sonnet," in praise of the goddess Nicotiana. It was rather unkind of the parodist to select Wordsworth for his instrument, so to speak, on which to sound her praises, as Wordsworth had the greatest objection to tobacco. I remember hearing a good old aunt of mine, who lived for many years in Cumberland, and who died rather more than twenty years ago, say that on one occasion, when calling at Rydal Mount, she said to the poet, "We met William [the poet's younger son] on the road as we came along; he seemed to be enjoying his pipe." "Yes," Wordsworth replied; "it's that horrid habit he learned in Germany." (William Wordsworth the younger, if I am not mistaken, was at Heidelberg University.) My aunt said that she thought Wordsworth was a little narrow-minded in this matter, in which I quite agree with her, although I do not myself smoke now. I did not know the poet (indeed I was only eleven when he died), but his son William I knew very well, "mair by token" it was his wife who first taught me the clock when I was a small boy, probably spending a half-holiday at their house in Carlisle.

As the above-mentioned people, illustrious and non-illustrious, "are all gone into the world of light," I hope there is no harm in my publishing these slight reminiscences, which, of course, are generally interesting only in so far as they refer to the great poet. JONATHAN BOUCHIER.

JOHN TRUMBULL (8th S. ii. 527).-JAYDEE is referred to the following for accounts of this artist:

"CRYING THE NOTCHELL" (8th S. ii. 526).— I quote the following from my 'Supplementary Glossary ':

"Nochell.-To cry nochell in the extract seems to mean the same as a word which was added to our language towards the end of 1880, to 'boycott,' though probably Gaffer Block only said that he would not be responsible for debts contracted by his wife. The word seems the same as nichill, q.v.

Will. The first I think on is the King's majesty (God bless him !), him they cried nochell,

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Sum. What, as Gaffer Block of our town cried his wife? Will. I do not know what he did; but they voted that

nobody should either borrow or lend, nor sell nor buy with him, under pain of their displeasure."— Dialogue on Oxford Parliament,' 1681 (HarÎ, Misc., ii. 114).

Under "Nichill" I cite an extract from Fuller's

Worthies,' ch. xxv. :—

"There is an officer in the Exchequer, called Clericu Nihilorum, or the Clerk of the Nichills, who maketh a Roll of all such sums as are nichill'd by the sheriff upon their estreats of the Green Wax, when such sums are set on persons, either not found, or not found solvible." T. LEWIS O. Davies.

Pear Tree Vicarage, Southampton. shire Dialect, by Messrs. Nodal and Milner Notchel is given in 'A Glossary of the Lanca(E.D.S.), and thus explained :—

certain person' or persons will not pay the debts of "A warning; to cry notchel' is to give notice that a another person."

the notch-stick, or nick-stick, which was a tally or I suppose that the expression owes its origin to notched stick used for reckoning.

F. C. BIRKBECK TERRY.

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ARMS (8th S. iii. 7).-These coats are thus assigned in Papworth's Ord. Brit. Arm.':1. Gu., a chevron between three pears pendent or, Abbott (? Perrot).

2. Here is a false blazon. If the roundels are torteaux, they are not az. but gu.; if they are az., they are not torteaux but hurts. Papworth gives both bearings. Arg., a chevron az. between three hurts. Reneu, Russell, co. Northants. Arg., a chevron az. between three torteaux. Andreu de Bascervile, Baskervile, or Baskervill. 3. Gu., three stags trippant or.

Hinde, Essex. H. T. GRIFFITH.

the translation of Horace, 'Od.' iii. 4, 61–64, in HORACE (8th S. iii. 48).—MR. OLIVER will find Clough's 'Amours de Voyage,' canto i. section viii. GIGADIBS.

BREAKING ON THE WHEEL (8th S. ii. 367, 489). -Most of the accounts of this horrible punishment given by your correspondents were hardly

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