Class (b).- Wires weighing 100 lbs. or more per Mile.

(4.) Where there is only one trolley wire, two guard wires should be erected (Fig. 3).

(5.) Where there are two trolley wires not more than 15 inches apart, two guard wires should be erected (Fig. 4).

FIG. 4.

(6.) Where there are two trolley wires and the distance between them exceeds 15 inches, but does not exceed 48 inches, three guard wires should be erected (Fig. 5).

8

83

-OVER IS" AND UP TO 48′′—

FIG. 5.

-MIN. 24—

(7.) Where the distance between the two trolley wires exceeds 48 inches, each trolley wire should be separately guarded (Fig. 6).

(8.) It is desirable, where possible, to divert telegraph wires from above trolley junctions and trolley wire crossings, and undertakers should endeavour to make arrangements to that effect with the owners of telegraph wires.

TELEGRAPII WIRES PARALLEL TO TROLLEY WIRES.

Classes (a) and (b).

(9.) Where telegraph wires not crossing a trolley wire are liable to fall upon or to be blown on to a trolley wire, a guard wire should be so erected that a falling wire must fall on the guard wire before it can fall on the trolley wire.

(10.) When guard wires are attached to other supports than the trolley poles they should be connected with the rails at one point at least.

(11.) When it is possible that a telegraph wire may fall on an arm or a stay, or a span wire, and so slide down on to a trolley wire, guard hooks should be provided.

GENERAL.

Minimum guarding requirements for Classes (a) and (b) are provided for in this memorandum, but in exceptional cases, such as in very exposed positions, or for unusually heavy telegraph wires, special precautions should be taken.

BOARD OF TRADE,

7, Whitehall Gardens, London, S.W.

September, 1902.

MODEL FORM OF BY-LAWS AND REGULATIONS

MADE BY THE

AS THE LOCAL AUTHORITY, UNDER

SECT. 46 OF THE TRAMWAYS ACT, 1870.

[See notes (z) to sect. 46 and (d) to sect. 48 of Tramways Act, 1870, for the principles on which the by-laws of a local authority are valid or invalid, and for cases on such by-laws generally.]

1. For the purpose of these by-laws and regulations the term "car" shall mean any [engine or] carriage using any tramway laid down within the said [borough], and the terms "driver" and "conductor" shall respectively mean the driver and conductor or other person having charge of a [an engine or] car.

2. The driver of every car shall cause the same to be driven at a speed of not less than [four] miles an hour on the average, and not exceeding eight miles an hour.

3. The driver of every car shall so drive the same that it shall not follow a preceding car at a less distance than (a) yards.

4. Subject to the requirements of By-laws Nos. 3 and 5, the driver or conductor of a car shall stop the same for the purpose of setting down or taking up passengers, when required by any passenger desiring to leave the car, or by any person desirous of travelling by the car, for whom there is room, and to whose admission no valid objection can be made: Provided that nothing in this by-law shall require a car to be stopped on any gradient steeper

than 1 in 25.

[The preceding by-law is inappropriate where, as is now frequently the case, fixed stopping places are arranged.]

5. Except at a passing place or terminus, no car shall be stopped at the intersection or junction of two or more streets or roads, nor within [ten] yards of a car on an adjoining line of rails.

6. The driver of a car, on coming in sight of a vehicle standing

(a) This distance should be not less than 10 nor more than 150 yards.

or travelling on any part of the road so as not to leave sufficient space for the car to pass, shall sound his bell or whistle as a warning to the person in charge of such vehicle, and that person shall, with reasonable despatch, cause such vehicle to be removed so as not to obstruct the car.

7. No person shall in any way wilfully impede or interfere with the traffic on the tramways, nor shall any driver or conductor needlessly cause interruption to the ordinary road traffic.

8. Every driver, conductor, or other person offending against any of these by-laws and regulations shall be liable to a penalty not exceeding forty shillings for each offence, and not exceeding for any continuing offence ten shillings for every day during which the offence continues (b).

[Here insert any by-laws to meet special cases.]

The Common Seal of the said Mayor, Aldermen and Burgesses, affixed by order of the Council of the said Borough at a

meeting of such Council held on the

the presence of

(L.S.)

day of

in

[or other appropriate attestation clause.]

I hereby certify that a true copy of the foregoing by-laws and regulations has, in accordance with the provisions of sect. 46 of the Tramways Act, 1870, been laid before the Board of Trade not less than two calendar months before such by-laws and regulations came into operation, and that such by-laws and regulations have not been disallowed by the Board of Trade within the said two calendar months.

MODEL FORM OF BY-LAWS AND REGULATIONS

MADE BY A TRAMWAY COMPANY UNDER THE POWERS

CONFERRED ON THE COMPANY BY THE TRAMWAYS
ACT, 1870.

[The cases relating to by-laws generally and tramway by-laws in par-
ticular are collected and discussed in note (z) to sect. 46 of Tramways
Act, 1870. That section confers on promoters the power to make
by-laws. See, too, note (d) to sect. 48.]

1. The by-laws and regulations hereinafter set forth shall extend and apply to all carriages of the company, and to all places with respect to which the company have power to make by-laws or regulations.

2. Every passenger shall enter or depart from a carriage by the hindermost or conductor's platform, and not otherwise (a).

3. No passenger shall smoke inside any carriage.

4. No passenger or other person shall, while travelling in or upon any carriage, play or perform upon any musical instrument.

5. A person in a state of intoxication shall not be allowed to enter or mount upon any carriage, and if found in or upon any carriage shall be immediately removed by or under the direction of the conductor (b).

6. No person shall swear or use obscene or offensive language whilst in or upon any carriage, or commit any nuisance in or upon or against any carriage, or wilfully interfere with the comfort of any passenger (c).

7. No person shall wilfully cut, tear, soil, or damage the cushions or the linings, or remove or deface any number plate, printed or other notice, in or on the carriage, or break or scratch any window of or otherwise wilfully damage any carriage. Any person acting in contravention of this regulation shall be liable to the penalty prescribed by these by-laws and regulations, in addition to the liability to pay the amount of any damage done.

8. A person whose dress or clothing might, in the opinion of the

(a) See Freel v. Bury (1900), "Times" Newspaper, July 21; (1901), Jan. 26 (C. A.), ante, p. 250.

(b) See Murgatroyd v. Blackburn and Over Darwen Tramway Co. (1887), 3 T. L. R. 451, ante, p. 248.

(e) Discussed in Gentel v. Rapps, [1902] 1 K. B. 160; 71 L. J. K. B. 105, ante,

P. 201.