all irregularities in quarters or their vicinity during his tour. He visits the quarters during the hours of independent study and receives reports of absentees. He visits all the quarters at Taps, and reports absentees to the officers in charge. He afterwards visits the room of every cadet absent every 15 minutes until the return of the absentee, or until otherwise directed by the officer in charge. On the back of the guard report which he forwards next morning to the commandant, he records all offenses which come to his knowledge as having occurred during his tour; and presents with it all permits and passes that have come into his hands, all of which are required to be deposited with him. The officer of the day is relieved from study during his tour of duty.

Daily Guard.--A cadet guard, consisting of one sergeant, four corporals, and 24 privates, is mounted every morning at 7.30. The cadets of the guard remain in the guard-room during the day, excepting the hours of study.

Sentries are posted during the hours of recreation, the most important posts being the different entrance halls of the cadet barracks. Ten minutes after the call to quarters, during the day on Sundays, and every evening, it is the duty of each such sentry to visit all the rooms belonging to his particnlar entrance hall. He then orders all cadets whom he may find visiting in rooms not their own to their proper quarters, and reports all who fail to comply promptly with his orders to the sergeant of the guard, as well as all absentees; and the sergeant of the guard passes on all such reports to the officer of the day. A sentry similarly reports every irregularity that may occur on his beat, and particularly the name of any cadet who may have absented himself from the barracks for more than ten minutes. A high sense of the honorable confidence reposed in a sentry seems to be generally entertained; and there is every reason to believe that the cadet sentries at West Point perform their duties in a trustworthy and satisfactory manner.

The general duties of the battalion are assimilated as much as possible to those of a battalion in quarters. The daily detail of duties is drawn up by the cadet adjutant. The cadets for guard are detailed by the first sergeants of their respective companies at each evening parade, and the daily routine is in this respect as nearly as possible the same as that of military life.

There is no yearly vacation; and the furlough which each cadet may obtain at the end of his second year is subject to the following conditions, viz. :

1st. If he has obtained 350 demerit in the two preceding years, he is detained twelve days; if 325, 300, 275, 250, or 200 demerit within the same period, he is detained ten days, eight days, five days, three days, or two days respectively.

2d. He is required to sign a certificate, declaring that he has in no manner improperly interfered with, or molested or injured new cadets. The furlough of any cadet declining to sign this certificate is limited to one month, from 28th July to 28th August. Although there have been instances of cadets declining to sign this certificate, it is probable that, as a general rule, the cadet conscience places a liberal interpretation on the words of the formula.

Leave of absence from the Academy for one to two days is occasionally granted, but only for exceptional reasons.

Buildings.

The cadet barrack is a handsome stone building of four stories. It contains 176 rooms, of which 136 are cadets' quarters, 14 feet by 22 feet, arranged in eight divisions, each division having its own entrance, and having no interior communication with the other divisions. Not more than two cadets are lodged in the same room. The two beds in each room are curtained off from the room, and separated from each other by a partition. There are numerous bathing rooms in the basement, to which the cadets have access.

Each division of quarters is under the superintendence of an assistant instructor of tactics, who visits the rooms of his division three times in the course of each day, and occasionally during the night. He makes a daily report in writing to the commandant of the condition of the rooms under his charge, noting all delinquencies that may have come to his knowledge since his last report.

A division of quarters is divided into two subdivisions of quarters of two floors each, each subdivision being under the charge of one of the cadet officers, who has his quarters therein, and who is responsible for the discipline of his subdivison, and for the proper fulfillment of all orders that may be issued relative to the police of quarters. He visits all the rooms of his subdivision 30 minutes after reveillé, and immediately after taps (lights out), notes all irregularities, and makes a daily report in writing to the superintendent of his division, recording all delinquencies, and certifying that since the report of the previous day he has faithfully performed all duties required of him as inspector of subdivision.

The Academy is a building detached, containing the following rooms and departments, viz.:—

Chemical department, comprising laboratory, lecture-room, room for electrical experiments, and a work-room; fencing department ; gymnasium; mineralogical collection; engineering department, comprising drawing and model rooms; artillery model room; mathematical model room; drawing academy; trophy room; picture and statue galleries; mineralogical section rooms; and 10 recitation rooms (or halls of study).

Another detached building contains the observatory; and library of 20,000 volumes, to which the cadets have access at stated times. There are no rooms specially set apart for day rooms, reading or recreation rooms.

The mess hall is a detached building. The central hall where the cadets take all their meals is 96 feet by 46 feet and 20 feet high. Quarters for the purveyor with kitchen and bakery, and with quarters for the necessary servants in the basement, are attached.

The cadets are formed in the barrack square previous to each meal, and are marched to and from the mess hall. The officer in charge visits the mess hall at all meal times. The senior cadet officer present is responsible for good order.

The Riding School is detached and is admirably adapted to its purpose.

Expenses.

The Academy is entirely supported by the State. The average annual cost for 62 years has been $137,315; and this sum includes the cost of all buildings and structures, of repairs and maintenance. The yearly appropriations during the last eight years have varied from $170,000 to $200,000, but does not include certain sums which are paid out of the regular appropriation to the War Department.

A new cadet is admitted to the Academy on the 1st of July. From that date he is credited with Government pay at the rate of $30 a month, which allowance is calculated as sufficient to pay for the whole cost of his equipment and maintenance. As the monthly pay is, however, small compared with the first cost of uniforms and outfit, a new cadet usually deposits with the treasurer of the Academy on entrance from $60 to $80, to be credited to his account. Thenceforth all wants and necessaries are supplied to the cadet by the Government, the prices being a trifle above cost and charged against his account. At the end of his residence, a balance is struck, and the sum standing to his credit, if any, is paid over to him. It is possible by this arrangement for a very careful and steady lad to secure his education, his maintenance during four years, a position in the army, and $100 in addition, at the time of his graduation.

STAFF FOR GOVERNMENT AND INSTRUCTION, JAN. 1, 1872

SUPERINTENDENT. Col. THOMAS H. RUGER, 18th Infantry.

Military Staff.

Adjutant.-Captain Robert H. Hall, 10th Infantry.
Quartermaster-Captain Tully McCrea, 1st Artillery.
Treasurer.-1st Lieut. James M. Marshall, 4th Artillery.

Surgeon, U S. A.-Thomas A. McParlin, M. D.

Assistant Surgeon, U. S. A.-Van Buren Hubbard, M. D.

Academic Staff.

Commandant of Cadets and Instructor of Artillery, Cavalry and Infantry Tactics.-Lieut
Col. EMORY UPTON, 1st Artillery.

Assistant Instructor of Artillery Tactics-Captain Alexander Piper, 3d Artillery.
Assistant Instructor of Infantry Tactics.-Captain Joseph S. Conrad, 2d Infantry.
Assistant Instructor of Artillery and Infantry Tactics-Capt. John Egan, 4th Artillery.
Assistant Instructor of Cavalry Tactics.-Captain Alfred E. Bates, 2d Cavalry.
Assistant Instructor of Artillery, Infantry and Cavalry Tactics.-1st Lieut. William S
Starring, 2d Artillery.

Assistant Instructor of Infantry Tactics.-1st Lieut. John F. Stretch, 10th Infantry.
Professor of Mathematics.-ALBERT E. CHURCH, LL.D.

Assistant Professor of Mathematics.-1st Lieut. John P. Story, 4th Artillery. Acting Assistant Professors of Mathematics.-1st Lieut. William F. Reynolds, jr., 1st Ar tillery; 2d Lieut. John E. Greer, Ordnance; 2d Lieut. Albert H. Payson, Engineers; 2d Lieut. Frank Heath, 3d Artillery; 2d Lieut. Philip M. Price, jr., 2d Artillery.

Professor of Drawing.-ROBERT W. WEIR, N. A.

Assistant Professor of Drawing.-1st Lieut. Edward H. Totten, 1st Artillery. Acting Assistant Professor of Drawing.-2d Lieut. Charles W. Whipple, 3d Artillery. Professor of Chemistry, Mineralogy, and Geology.-HENRY L. KENDRICK, LL.D.

Assistant Professor of Chemistry, Mineralogy, and Geology.-2d Lieut. John Pitman, jr, Ordnance.

Acting Assistant Prof. of Chemistry, Mineralogy, and Geology.-2d Lieut. Samuel E. Tillman, 4th Artillery.

Professor of the Spanish Language-PATRICE DE JANON.

Assistant Professor of the Spanish Language.-1st Lieut. James O'Hara, 3d Artillery. Professor of Natural and Experimental Philosophy.-PETER S. MICHIE.

Assistant Prof. of Natural and Experimental Philosophy.-1st Lieut. James Mercur, Engineers.

Acting Assistant Professors of Natural and Experimental Philosophy.-2d Lieut. Edward S. Holden, 4th Artillery; Additional 2d Lieut. Edgar W. Boss, Engineers.

Professor of the French Language.-GEORGE L. ANDREWS.

Assistant Professor of the French Language.-1st Lieut. Geo. G. Greenough, 4th Artillery. Acting Assistant Professor of the French Language.-2d Lieut. Thomas H. Barber, 1st Artillery.

Professor of Ethics and Law.-JOHN FORSYTH, D.D.

Assistant Professor of Ethics and Law.-Captain John S. Poland, 6th Infantry. Professor of Military and Civil Engineering.—JUNIUS B. WHEELER.

Assistant Professor of Military and Civil Engineering.-Captain Jarrett J. Lydecker, Engineers.

Acting Assistant Professors of Military and Civil Engineering.-Captain Oswald H.
Ernst, Engineers; 1st Lieut John C. Mallery, Engineers.

Instructor of Ordnance and Gunnery.-Captain THOMAS C. BRADFORD, Ordnance.
Assistant Instructor of Ordnance and Gunnery.-Ist Lieut. James W. Reilly. Ordnance.
Instructor of Practical Military Engineering, Military Signaling and Telegraphy, Command-
ing Company E, Engineers.-Captain OSWALD H. ERNST, Engineers.

Assistant Instructor of Military Signaling and Telegraphy, and Acting Signal Officer.1st Lieut. Edward H. Totten, 1st Artillery.

Assistant Instructor of Practical Military Engineering, on duty with Company E, Engi neers.-2d Lieut. Frederick A. Mahan, Engineers.

Sword Master.-Antoné Lorentz.

COURSE OF INSTRUCTION.

The studies pursued, and the instruction given at the Military Academy, are comprised under the following heads, in the Official Regulations:

I. INFANTRY, ARTILLERY, AND CAVALRY TACTICS, AND MILITARY POLICE AND DISCIPLINE.-This course will conform to the system of Infantry Tactics and Military Police and Discipline, established for the government of the Army, and will comprise the schools of the soldier, company, and battalion, the evolutions of the line, the manual exercise and manoeuvres of Light Infantry and riflemen, with the police and discipline of camp and garrison. (2.) Artillery Tactics will comprise exercise of field, siege, and garrison artillery; manoeuvres of batteries; mechanical manœuvres and target practice. (3.) Čavalry tactics will comprise the schools of the trooper mounted, of the platoon, and of the squadron; and equitation.

II. THE USE OF THE SWORD, &c.-Will comprise the use of the small-sword, broadsword, and bayonet, and such military gymnastics as circumstances may permit.

III. MATHEMATICS.-This course will comprise:

(1.) Algebra.-Fundamental operations; involution and evolution; reduction and conversion of fractional and radical qualities; reduction and solution of equations, including those of the third degree ratios and proportions; summation of infinite series and figurate numbers; nature, construction, and use of logarithms.

(2.) Geometry.-Geometry of right lines, planes, and volumes and spherical geometry; and the formation and construction of determinate geometrical equations.

(3.) Trigonometry.-The solution of all the cases in plane and spherical trigonometry; analytical investigation of trigonometrical formula; and the construction of trigonometrical tables.

(4.) Mensuration and Surveying.-Mensuration of planes; surfaces and volumes; principles and practice of common land surveying; different methods of plotting and calculating such surveys; trigonometrical surveying; measurement of heights and distances: leveling; and use of instruments in plotting, surveying, &c.

(5.) Descriptive Geometry.-The graphic illustration and solution of geometrical problems in space; and the particular application of this method to spherical projections, construction of maps, to shades and shadows, and perspective, and isometric projections.

(6.) Analytical Geometry.-Construction of algebraic expressions; solution of determinate problems; determination and discussion of the equations of the right line, plane and conic sections; discussion of the general equations of the second degree involving two or three variables; determination of loci, &c.

Differential and Integral Calculus, with its application to maxima and minima, the drawing of tangents, rectification of curves, radii of curvatures, quadratures, cubatures, &c.

IV. FRENCH LANGUAGE.-This course will comprise:

French Grammar; reading and writing French; and translating (from text and orally) English into French and French into English.

V. SPANISH LANGUAGE.-This course will comprise:

Spanish Grammar; reading and writing Spanish; and translating (from text and orally) English into Spanish and Spanish into English.

VI. DRAWING.-This course will comprise:

Topography, with lead-pencil, pen and ink, and colors.
Figures, with pen and ink.

Landscape, with the lead-pencil.

Landscape, with colors.

VII. CHEMISTRY, MINERALOGY, AND GEOLOGY.-This course will comprise : Chemical Physics.-Magnetism; static and voltaic electricity; electro-mag