*89. Ammodromus caudacutus Swain. SHARP-TAILED Finch. More or less common in the salt marshes along the coast, especially in those of Charles River.

90. Ammodromus maritimus Swain. SEA-SIDE FINCHI. Rare or accidental in the salt marshes along the coast. Only one recent record of its capture in the state. (Nahant, Aug., 1877, taken by Mr. G. O. Welch, Brewer, Bull. Nutt. Orn. Club, III, Jan., 1878, 48) Mr. Merriam gives it as a common summer resident in the salt and brackish water marshes of Connecticut (Rev. Bds. Conn., 38).

91. Melospiza lincolni Baird. LINCOLN'S FINCHI. Known only as a rare or casual visitor in spring. Mr. E. I. Shores considers it as not rare at Suffield, Conn., where he believes a few pairs breed (see Merriam's Rev. Bds. Conn., p. 38).

*92. Melospiza palustris Baird. SWAMP SPARROW. A not very common summer resident, of rather local distribution.

SONG SPARROW.

Abundant

*93. Melospiza melodia Baird. summer resident; a few sometimes remain in winter in sheltered localities.

SNOW BIRD. Mainly a spring and *94. Junco hyemalis Sel. autumn visitant; a few are sometimes observed in winter. Breeds abundantly in the more elevated parts of Berkshire County."

OREGON SNOW BIRD.

Accidental. 95. Junco oregonus Scl. (Watertown, March 25, 1874, Brewster, Bull. Nutt. Orn. Club, I, 1876, 19.)

96. Spizella monticola Baird. TREE SPARROW. Common winter visitant.

*97. Spizella socialis Bon. CHIPPING SPARROW. Abundant summer resident.

*98. Spizella pusilla Bon. FIELD SPARROW. Common summer

resident.

99. Spizella pallida var. breweri Coues. CLAY-COLORED SPARAccidental. (Watertown, Dec. 15, 1873, Brewster, Am. Nat., VIII, 366.)

ROW.

WHITE-THROATED SPARROW. Abundant spring and autumn migrant. Marked as breeding by Dr.

*100. Zonotrichia albicollis Bon.

Emmons.

101. Zonotrichia leucophrys Swain. WHITE-CROWNED SPARRather rare spring and autumn migrant.

ROW.

102. Chondestes grammaca Bon. LARK FINCII. Accidental. Two instances only of its occurrence recorded. (Gloucester, about 1845, Putnam, Proc. Essex Inst., I, 1856, 224; Newtonville, Nov. 25, 1877, Purdie, Bull. Nutt. Orn. Club, III, Jan., 1878, 44.)

103. Passerella iliaca Swain. FOX-COLORED SPARROW. Abundant spring and autumn migrant.

ESSEX INST. BULLETIN.

2

104. Calamospiza bicolor Bon. LARK BUNTING. Accidental. One instance of its capture. (Lynn, Dec. 5, 1877, taken by Mr. N. Vickary. Allen, Bull. Nutt. Orn. Club, III, Jan., 1878, 48.)

*105. Euspiza americana Bʊn. BLACK-THROATED BUNTING. Very rare summer resident.

*106. Goniaphea ludoviciana Bowdich. BEAK. Common summer resident.

1.

te

12.

23.

ROSE-BREASTED GROS

*107. Cyanospiza cyanea Baird. INDIGO Bird. Common sum

mer resident.

108. Cardinalis virginiana Bon. CARDINAL; REDBIRD. Accidental. Very few instances of its occurrence recorded. (Its most northern record is Halifax, N. S., January 31, 1871. Jones, Am. Nat., V, 176.)

*109. Pipilo erythrophthalmus Vieill. BUNTING. Abundant summer resident.

*110. Dolichonyx oryzivorus Swain. BLACKBIRD." Abundant summer resident.

24.

193

126

CHEWINK; TOWHEE

127

*111. Molothrus ater Gray. CowBIRD. Common summer resident.

*112. Agelæus phoeniceus Vieill. RED-WINGED BLACKBIRD. Common summer resident.

113. Xanthocephalus icterocephalus Baird. YELLOW-HEADED BLACKBIRD. Accidental. Two instances of its capture, the second here for the first time recorded. First identified from the wings, tail, and foot of a specimen shot by Mr. Frank Sawyer in Watertown, Oct. 15, 1869. (Allen, Am. Nat., III, 1870, 636.) Mr. N. Vickary, of Lynn, informs me that two specimens were shot at Eastham, Sept. 10, 1877, by Mr. Loud, of Salem, one of which is preserved.

*114. Sturnella magna Swain. MEADOW LARK. Common summer resident; a few sometimes remain in winter.

*115. Icterus spurius Bon. ORCHARD ORIOLE. Rare summer resident. More common in the Connecticut Valley than elsewhere in the state.

*116. Icterus baltimore Daud. BALTIMORE ORIOLE. Abundant summer resident.

117. Scolecophagus ferrugineus Swain. RUSTY GRACKLE. Rather common spring and autumn visitant.

*118. Quiscalus purpureus Licht. PURPLE GRACKLE. Common summer resident.

119. Corvus corax Linn. RAVEN. Very rare. Very few recorded instances of its capture within the state. (A recent record is Williamstown [1876?]. Tenney, Am. Nat., XI, 243.)

*120. Corvus americanus Aud. COMMON CROW. Common resident.

*121. Cyanurus cristatus Swain. BLUE JAY. Common through

out the year.

*122. Tyrannus carolinensis Baird. KINGBIRD. Common summer resident.

123. Tyrannus dominicensis Rich. dental. Taken in Lynn early in October, 1869. Feb., 1870, 645.)

GRAY KINGBIRD. Acci

(Allen, Am. Nat., III,

*124. Myiarchus crinitus Cab. GREAT CRESTED FLYCATCHER. Rare summer resident.

*125. Sayornis fuscus Baird. PHEBE; BRIDGE PEWEE. Com

mon summer resident.

*126. Contopus borealis Baird. OLIVE-SIDED PEWEE. Rather

uncommon summer resident.

*127. Contopus virens Cab. WOOD PEWEE, Common summer

resident.

*128. Empidonax minimus Baird. LEAST PEWEE. Common

summer resident.

*129. Empidonax trailli Baird. TRAILL'S FLYCATCHER. Chiefly a spring and autumn visitant; not common. A few remain in summer

and breed.

130. Empidonax flaviventris Baird. YELLOW-BELLIED PEWEE. Not uncommon in spring and fall.

*131. Antrostomus vociferus Bon. mon summer resident.

*132. Chordiles virginianus Bon.

summer resident.

*133. Chætura pelasgia Steph.

summer resident.

WHIP-POOR-WILL. Com

NIGHT HAWK.

Abundant

CHIMNEY SWIFT. Abundant

*134. Trochilus colubris Linn. RUBY-THROATED HUMMING-BIRD.

Common summer resident.

*135. Ceryle aley on Boie. Belted KingfisheR. Common summer resident. Occasionally met with in winter.

*136. Coccygus erythrophthalmus Bon. BLACK-BILLED CUCKOO. Common summer resident.

*137. Coccygus americanus Bon. YELLOW-BILLED CUCKOO. Rather frequent summer resident. Somewhat irregularly dispersed, and very variable in respect to numbers in different years.

*138. Hylotomus pileatus Baird. PILEATED WOODPECKER. Nearly or quite extirpated from most parts of the state, but still more or less frequent in Berkshire County, and of occasional occurrence in other well wooded portions of the state.

*139. Picus villosus Linn. HAIRY WOODPECKER. A not common resident. More numerous in winter than in summer, when it is generally rare.

DOWNY WOODPECKER.

*140. Picus pubescens Linn.

common resident.

Rather

141. Picoides arcticus Gray. BLACK-BACKED WOODPECKER. Very rare winter visitant. A recent record of its capture in "Middlesex (Purdie, Am. Nat., VII, 1873, 693.)

County, fall of 1871."
142. Picoides americanus Brehm. (P. hirsutus of most Massa-
chusetts lists.) BANDED-BACKED WOODPECKER. Very rare or acci-
dental winter visitant. Very few instances are on record of the cap-
ture of either species of this genus in the state. P. arcticus has been
more frequently recorded than P. americanus. (See Allen, Am. Nat.,
III, 572.)

*143. Sphyrapicus varius Baird. YELLOW-BELLIED WOODPECKER.
Not very uncommon in spring and fall, and a few probably breed, more
especially in Berkshire County. (Marked as breeding by Dr. Em-
mons.)

144. Centurus carolinus Bon. RED BELLIED WOODPECKER. Accidental. Not to my knowledge yet taken in the state, but observed by me at Springfield, May 13, 1863, under circumstances that would render a mistaken identification almost impossible (Proc. Essex Inst., IV, 53). It has since been taken by Mr. Shores within a few miles of this locality (at Suffield, Conn., Merriam, Rev. Birds of Conn., 1877, 65).

*145. Melanerpes erythrocephalus Swain. RED-HEADED WOODPECKER. Rare summer resident, occasionally breeding. Most frequently observed in fall, usually in immature plumage.

146. Colaptes auratus Swain. GOLDEN-WINGED WOODPECKER. Abundant summer resident. Occasionally seen in winter.

147. Strix flammea Linn. BARN OWL. Very rare or accidental. Only two specimens as yet known to have been taken in the state,one at Springfield, May, 1868 (Allen, Proc. Essex Inst., VI, 1868, 312); the other at Lynn, in 1865 (Allen, Am. Nat., III, Feb., 1870, 646). *148. Bubo virginianus Bon. GREAT HORNED OWL. A not uncommon resident.

*149. Scops asio Bon. MOTTLED OWL. Common, resident.
*150. Otus vulgaris Flem. LONG EARED OWL. Not common,
resident.

*151. Brachyotus palustris Bon. common resident.

SHORT-EARED OWL. Rather

152. Syrnium cinereum Aud. GREAT GRAY OWL. Accidental or very rare winter visitant. I have no record of its capture in the state since 1866 (Salem, Nov. 10, 1866, Allen, Am. Nat., III, Jan., 1870, 570).

*153. Syrnium nebulosum Gray. BARRED OWL. Rather common resident.

*154. Nyctale acadica Bon. SAW-WHET OWL; ACADIAN OWL. Rather common and probably resident. (See Deane, Bull. Nutt. Orn. Club, II, 84.)

155. Nyctale tengmalmi Bon. (N. richardsoni auct.) TENGMALM'S OWL. Rare winter visitor. Recent records of its occurrence are: Lynn, 1863 (Allen, Am. Nat., III, Feb., 1870, 616); Cambridge, Dec., 1865 (Maynard, Nat. Guide, 1870, 133).

156. Nyctea scandiaca Newt. SNOWY OWL. A more or less regular winter visitant. Very abundant during the winter of 1876-77. (See Deane, Bull. Nutt. Orn. Club, II, 9, 1877.)

157. Surnia ulula Bon. HAWK OWL. Very rare winter visitor in most parts of the state; probably of rather frequent occurrence in the more elevated parts of Berkshire County. (For the record of its occurrence see Am. Nat., III, Dec., 1869, 569.)

158. Speotyto cunicularia var. hypogæa Coues. BURROWING OWL. Accidental. Newburyport, May 4, 1875 (Deane, "Rod and Gun," VI, 97, May 15, 1875).

*159. Circus cyaneus var. hudsonius Schl. Common summer resident.

MARSH HAWK.

180. Nauclerus furcatus Vig. SWALLOW-TAILED HAWK. Accidental. One record of its occurrence (to me a satisfactory one), but none of its capture (Whately, about 1868, Allen, Am. Nat., III, Feb., 1870, 645). Mr. Merriam gives it as "a rare straggler from the South," and cites two instances of its occurrence in that state (Rev. Birds Conn., 1877, 76).

*161. Accipiter fuscus Bon.

common summer resident.

SHARP-SHINNED HAWK.

Rather

*162. Accipiter cooperi Ron. COOPER'S HAWK. Common summer resident; of occasional occurrence in winter.

163. Astur atricapillus Bon. GOSHAWK. Rather frequent winter visitant. Has been seen in summer, and perhaps occasionally breeds.

164. Falco gyrfalco Linn. GYRFALCON. Of rare or accidental

Occurrence in winter.

164a. Falco gyrfalco var. labradora Ridg. BLACK GYRFALCON. Accidental. Breed's Island, October, 1876. (Cory, Bull. Nutt. Orn. Club, II, Jan., 1877, 27.)

*165. Falco communis Linn.

DUCK HAWK. Rare resident; more common in winter than in summer and along the coast than in the interior.

166. Falco columbarius Linn. PIGEON HAWK. Rather rare, Occurring chiefly in spring, fall, and winter.

*167. Falco sparverius Linn. SPARROW HAWK. More or less common resident; most numerous in spring and fall.

1