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3. Species of probable occurrence.

Of the following list of twenty-four species, the greater part have been included in various former lists of the birds of Massachusetts, but generally on inferential or hearsay evidence, or by erroneous identifications. Six have actually been taken within the last three or four years by Mr. E. I. Shores, within a few miles of the southern boundary of the state (near my old collecting ground at Springfield). Others, from their known general range, must evidently occur at rare intervals, and I confidently expect that within the next ten years at least seven-eighths, and probably nine-tenths, of them will be added to the list of those included from having been actually taken within the state. At least one-half of them have already been obtained in adjoining states at points not far from the Massachusetts line.

STONECHAT.

Has been

taken in

1. Saxicola cnantha Bech. Labrador, at Quebec, Canada, and on Long Island, and is of frequent occurrence in the Bermudas.

Northern

2. Lophophanes bicolor Bon. CRESTED TITMOUSE. New Jersey; Long Island; New London, Conn. (one instance, Merriam, Rev. Birds Conn., 1877, 9); New Haven, Conn. (Linsley); New Hampshire.

3. Protonotaria citrea Baird. PROTHONOTARY WARBLER. Of accidental occurrence in eastern Maine and New Brunswick (Brewer, Proc. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist., XVII, 439, on the authority of Mr. Boardman), and being a southern species may be looked for as of casual occurrence in Massachusetts.

4. Helmitherus vermivorus Bon.

WORM-EATING WARBLER. Has been taken in Suffield, Conn., on the southern boundary of Massachusetts, and is a rather common summer resident in portions of Southern Connecticut (Purdie, Bull. Nutt. Orn. Club, II, Jan., 1877,

21; Am. Nat., VII, 1873, 692).

BLER.

5. Helminthophaga pinus Baird. BLUE-WINGED YELLOW WAR"A summer resident in southern Connecticut and in the Connecticut Valley," where it breeds (Merriam, Rev. Birds Conn., 14). 6. Dendroca cærulea Baird. CERULEAN WARBLER. Has been taken as far north as Suffield, Conn., on the southern boundary of the state (Purdie, Bull. Nutt. Orn. Club, II, 1877, 22).

Was taken

7. Oporornis formosa Baird. KENTUCKY WARBLER. by Mr. E. I. Shores in Suffield, Conn., Aug. 16, 1876,— the only record for New England (Merriam, Rev. Birds Conn., 1877, 22).

8. Myiodioctes mitrata Aud. HOODED WARBLER. Rare summer resident in southern Connecticut (Merriam). Has been taken in Suffield, Conn., by Mr. E. I. Shores, July 8, 1875 (Purdie, Bull. Nutt.

312. Fratercula arctica Steph. ARCTIC PUFFIN; SEA PARROT. Not uncommon winter visitant.

313. Mergulus alle Vieill. DOVEKIE; SEA DOVE. Irregular and generally rare winter visitant along the coast; occasionally common. 314. Uria grylle Brünn. BLACK GUILLEMOT. Rather common winter visitant.

315. Lomvia troile Brandt. (L. troile et ringvia auct.) COMMON GUILLEMOT; MURRE. Common winter visitant.

316. Lomvia arra Coues. (Cataractes lomvia Bryant.) THICKBILLED GUILLEMOT. Common winter visitant along the coast.

KEY.

2. Extirpated Species.

1. Meleagris gallopavo var. occidentalis Allen. WILD TURWell known to have been a common species in southern New England for a long time subsequent to the first settlement of this part of the country (see Bull. Nutt. Orn. Club, I, Sept., 1876, 55), but long since ceased to exist here in a wild state. Considered as nearly extinct by Emmons in 1833, but said by Hitchcock to be at that time "frequently met with on Mount Holyoke" (Rep. on Geol. Mass., etc.,

1833, 549).

2. Grus canadensis Temm. SANDHILL CRANE; BROWN CRANE. Unquestionably more or less abundant two hundred years ago (see Bull. Nutt. Orn. Club, I, Sept., 1876, 58), but there is no recent record

of its occurrence.

3. Grus americanus Ord. WHOOPING CRANE; WHITE CRANE. This species was given by Emmons in 1833 as a rare but regular visitant, but there is no later record of its occurrence. It unquestionably occurred here at the time of the first settlement of the country, in common with the preceding species.

4. Alca impennis Linn. GREAT AUK. The former existence of this species in Massachusetts is attested by the occurrence of its bones in the Indian shell heaps of the coast, particularly at Ipswich, and there are also unquestionable allusions to its presence on Cape Cod at the time the coast was explored by Gosnold in 1602 (see Bull.

Nutt. Orn. Club, I, Sept., 1876, 59).

Other species that are virtually extirpated, although retained in the preceding list, are the Prairie Hen (Cupidonia cupido), supposed to be now restricted to Martha's Vineyard, where only a few, if indeed any, representatives of this formerly rather common species still exist (see anteà, p. 22); the Whistling Swan (Cygnus americanus), now only a rare straggler, and probably also the Trumpeter Swan (Cygnus buccinator). To these may probably be added the Labrador or Pied Duck (Camptolemus labradorius), respecting which see Rowley, Orn. Miscel., pt. VI, pp. 205–223, 1877; also Bull. Nutt. Orn. Club, III, Apr., 1878.

*297. Sterna macrura Nord. ARCTIC TERN. Abundant summer resident along the coast.

The form described as Sterna portlandica by Mr. Ridgway (Amer. Nat., VIII, 1874, 433), and since referred to S. macrura by Brewster (Ann. Lyc. Nat. Hist. N. Y., XI, 1875, 201) and Saunders (Proc. Zool. Soc., Lond., 1876, 650) has been taken on Muskeget Island (Brewster, Am. Sports., V, 249, Jan. 16, 1875).

*298. Sterna dougalli Mont. (S. paradisea auct.) TERN. Common along the coast in summer.

ROSEATE

*299. Sterna superciliaris var. antillarum Coues. LEAST Tern.

Common along the coast in summer.

300. Sterna fuliginosa Gmel. SOOTY TERN. Accidental. Two recent records of its capture in Massachusetts,-Lawrence, Oct. 29, 1876 (Deane, Bull. Nutt. Orn. Club, II, Jan., 1877, 27); Williamstown, Sept., 1876 (Tenney, Am. Nat., XI, 1877, 243). Also several times taken recently in Connecticut and Rhode Island,-Saybrook, Conn., summer of 1876 (Purdie, Bull. Nutt. Orn. Club, II, Jan., 1877, 22; see also Merriam, Rev. Birds Conn., 1877, 134). From these records *it appears that six specimens were taken in Connecticut, one in Rhode Island, and two in Massachusetts, during 1876, mostly in September.

301. Hydrochelidon lariformis Coues. SHORT-TAILED TERN; BLACK TERN. Accidental, or very rare. Ipswich, taken by Mr. C. J. Maynard (Allen, Am. Nat., III, Feb., 1870, 644).

302. Cymochorea leucorrhoa Coues. LEACH'S PETREL. Common winter visitant along the coast.

303. Oceanites oceanica Coues. off the coast.

WILSON'S PETREL. Common

304. Puffinus major Fabr. GREATER SHEARWATER. off the coast, especially in winter.

Common

305. Puffinus fuliginosus Strick. Soory SHEARWATER. or less common off the coast, especially in winter.

More

*308. Colymbus torquatus Brünn. LOON; GREAT NORTHERN DIVER. More or less frequent resident.

307. Colymbus septentrionalis Linn. RED-THROATED DIVER. Common winter visitant along the coast; rare in the interior; most

numerous in autumn and spring.

308. Podiceps cornutus Gmel.

HORNED GREBE.

winter visitant, but not common; a few remain in summer.

Chiefly a

309. Podiceps griseigena var. holbolli Coues. RED-NECKED GREBE. Sometimes met

Chiefly a winter visitant; not common.

with in summer.

*310. Podilymbus podiceps Lawr. PIED-BILLED GREBE. Rather rare resident; more common in spring and fall than at other seasons. 311. Utamania torda Leach. RAZOR-BILLED AUK. Not uncom

279. Stercorarius pomatorhinus Vieill. POMARINE JAEGER; POMARINE SKUA. A not common winter visitant.

280. Stercorarius parasiticus Coues. (S. crepidatus Saund.) RICHARDSON'S SKUA; PARASITIC JAEGER. Along the coast in winter;

not common.

281. Stercorarius buffoni Coues. (S. parasiticus Saund.) BUFFON'S SKUA. Rare on the coast in winter. 282. Larus glaucus Brünn.

visitant.

283. Larus leucopterus Fabr. winter visitant.

GLAUCOUS GULL.

Rare winter WHITE-WINGED GULL.

Rare

284. Larus marinus Linn. GREAT BLACK-BACKED GULL. Common winter visitant.

285. Larus argentatus Linn. ter visitant; a few remain along the they probably bred.

HERRING GULL. Abundant wincoast in summer, where formerly

286. Larus delawarensis Ord. RING-BILLED GULL. Rather uncommon on the coast in winter.

287. Larus tridactylus Linn. KITTIWAKE GULL. Common winter visitant.

*288. Larus atricilla Linn. LAUGHING GULL. Formerly a not uncommon summer visitant; now nearly extirpated from our coast. 289. Larus philadelphia Ord. BONAPARTE'S GULL. Common winter visitant, but more numerous in fall and spring.

290. Xema sabinei Bon. FORKED-TAILED GULL.

Accidental.

The only record is Boston Harbor, Sept. 27, 1874 (Brewster, Am. Sportsman, V, 1875, 370).

291. Sterna anglica Mont. (S. aranea auct.) GULL-BILLED TERN. Accidental. A recent record is Ipswich, Sept., 1871 (Brewster, Am.

Nat., VI, May, 1872, 306).

292. Sterna caspia Pallas. CASPIAN TERN. Rare or accidental in winter.

293. Sterna regia Gamb. ROYAL TERN. Accidental. Two specimens taken by Messrs. Maynard and Brewster on Nantucket Island, July 1, 1874 (Am. Sports., V, 249, Jan. 16, 1875).

294. Sterna cantiaca Gmel. (S. acuflavida auct.) SANDWICH TERN. Accidental. One record only, Chatham, August, 1865 (Allen, Amer. Nat., III, Feb., 1870, 644).

*295. Sterna hirundo Linn. COMMON TERN. Abundant summer resident along the coast.

296. Sterna forsteri Nutt. (S. havelli auct.) FORSTER'S TERN. Rare or accidental. Ipswich, Sept., 1870 (Brewster, Am. Nat., VI, May, 1872, 306; coast, "two or three" specimens, 1873, Purdie, Am.

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winter visitant. Formerly, like most of the ducks, more common than now (Brewer, Bull. Nutt. Orn. Club, II, Apr., 1877, 46).

264. Camptolemus labradorius Gray. LABRADOR DUCK. Formerly a rare winter visitant; probably now nearly extinct.

Common

265. Somateria mollissima Leach. EIDER DUCK. spring and autumn visitant, some remaining in winter. 266. Somateria spectabilis Leach. KING EIDER. Rare winter visitant.

267. Œdemia americana Swain. and fall and common in winter.

SCOTER. Abundant in spring

288. Œdemia fusca Swain. VELVET SCOTER; WHITE-WINGED Coor. Common winter visitant.

269. Œdemia perspicillata Fleming. SURF DUCK. Common winter visitant.

270. Erismatura rubida Bon.

RUDDY DUCK. Rather common

winter visitant, but most numerous in fall and spring.

271. Mergus merganser Linn. GOOSANDER; MERGANSER. Common winter visitant, but most numerous in fall and spring.

272. Mergus serrator Linn. RED-BREASTED MERGANSER. Abundant in spring and fall, many remaining in winter.

HOODED MERGANSER.

Rather

273. Mergus cucullatus Linn. common spring and autumn visitant, many remaining in winter, and perhaps in summer.

274. Sula bassana Linn. GANNET; SOLAN GOOSE.

winter visitaut.

Common

275. Pelecanus trachyrhynchus Lath. WHITE PELICAN. Now accidental; formerly common (Allen, Bull. Nutt. Orn. Club, I, Sept., 1876, 60). The only recent correct record of its capture appears to be North Scituate, Oct. 6, 1876 (Purdie, Bull. Nutt. Orn. Club, II, Jan., 1877, 22). The specimens reported by me (Am. Nat., III, Feb., 1870, 640) as taken at Ipswich and Nantucket were found later to be P. fuscus. (See remarks under P. fuscus.)

276. Pelecanus fuscus Linn. BROWN PELICAN. Accidental. Ipswich (Maynard, Nat. Guide, 1870, 149; erroneously noticed by me under the head of the preceding species in Am. Nat., III, 640). Nantucket (Allen, Am. Nat., III, Feb., 1870, 640, but wrongly given as P. erythrorhynchus). Corrected in a note added to last page of author's extras, in which it is stated that "from information just received there is every reason for believing that this flock" of White Pelicans, mentioned on page 40 (of extras) as having visited Nantucket Island, "were Brown Pelicans."

277. Graculus carbo Gray. COMMON CORMORANT. winter resident.

Common

278. Graculus dilophus Gray. DOUBLE-Crested CormORANT.

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