245a. Branta canadensis "var. hutchinsi" Coues. HUTCHINS' GOOSE. Less common than var. canadensis. Formerly more abundant than at present (Brewer, Bull. Nutt. Orn. Club, II, Apr., 1877, 46). 246. Anas boschas Linn, MALLARD. Rare in spring and fall. *247. Anas obscura Gmel. BLACK DUCK. Abundant winter resident and rare in summer; doubtless formerly regularly resident the whole year. 248. Dafila acuta Jenyns. PIN-TAIL DUCK. Rare winter visitant. 249. Chaulelasmus streperus Gray. GADWALL; GRAY DUCK. Rather rare spring and autumn visitant. 250. Mareca americana Steph. BALDPATE; AMERICAN WIDGEON. Spring and autumn visitant. 251. Querquedula discors Steph. BLUE-WINGED TEAL. Rather common spring and autumn migrant; formerly doubtless a summer resident. 252. Querquedula carolinensis Steph. GREEN-WINGED TEAL. Common spring and autumn migrant. SHOVELLER. Rare spring and 253. Spatula clypeata Boie. autumn visitant. It was formerly, judging from its present breeding. range in the interior, a frequent summer resident. *254. Aix sponsa Boie. WOOD DUCK; SUMMER DUCK. Common summer resident. 255. Fuligula marila Steph. GREATER BLACKHEAD; SCAUP DUCK. Not common spring and autumn visitant, some remaining in winter. 255a. Fuligula marila var. affinis Allen. LESSER BLACKHEAD. Not common in spring and fall. 256. Fuligula collaris Bon. RING-NECKED DUCK. Rare spring and autumn migrant. 257. Fuligula ferina var. americana Coues. REDHEAD; POCHARD. Rare spring and autumn migrant. 258. Fuligula vallisneria Steph. spring and autumn visitant. CANVASS-BACK. Very rare 259. Bucephala clangula Gray. GOLDEN-EYED DUCK; WHISTLER. Common winter resident. 260. Bucephala islandica Baird. BARROW'S GOLDEN-EYE. Rare winter visitant. Only recently added to the fauna of the state on record of its actual capture (Brewster, Am. Nat., VI, May, 1872, 306). 261. Bucephala albeola Baird. BUFFLE-HEAD; BUTTER-Ball. Common winter visitant. 262. Harelda glacialis Leach. LONG-TAILED DUCK; OLD WIFE; OLD SQUAW. Common winter visitant. 263. Histrionicus torquatus Bon. HARLEQUIN DUCK. Rare winter visitant. Formerly, like most of the ducks, more common than now (Brewer, Bull. Nutt. Orn. Club, II, Apr., 1877, 46). 264. Camptolemus labradorius Gray. LABRADOR DUCK. Formerly a rare winter visitant; probably now nearly extinct. 265. Somateria mollissima Leach. EIDER DUCK. Common spring and autumn visitant, some remaining in winter. 266. Somateria spectabilis Leach. KING EIDER. Rare winter visitant. 267. Edemia americana Swain. SCOTER. Abundant in spring and fall and common in winter. 268. demia fusca Swain. VELVET SCOTER; WHITE-WINGED Coor. Common winter visitant. 269. Edemia perspicillata Fleming. SURF DUCK. Common winter visitant. 270. Erismatura rubida Bon. RUDDY DUCK. Rather common winter visitant, but most numerous in fall and spring. 271. Mergus merganser Linn. GOOSANDER; MERGANSER. Common winter visitant, but most numerous in fall and spring. 272. Mergus serrator Linn. RED-BREASTED MERGANSER. Abundant in spring and fall, many remaining in winter. 273. Mergus cucullatus Linn. HOODED MERGANSER. Rather common spring and autumn visitant, many remaining in winter, and perhaps in summer. 274. Sula bassana Linn. GANNET; SOLAN GOOSE. Common winter visitant. 275. Pelecanus trachyrhynchus Lath. WHITE PELICAN. Now accidental; formerly common (Allen, Bull. Nutt. Orn. Club, I, Sept., 1876, 60). The only recent correct record of its capture appears to be North Scituate, Oct. 6, 1876 (Purdie, Bull. Nutt. Orn. Club, II, Jan., 1877, 22). The specimens reported by me (Am. Nat., III, Feb., 1870, 640) as taken at Ipswich and Nantucket were found later to be P. fuscus. (See remarks under P. fuscus.) 276. Pelecanus fuscus Linn. BROWN PELICAN. Accidental. Ipswich (Maynard, Nat. Guide, 1870, 149; erroneously noticed by me under the head of the preceding species in Am. Nat., III, 640). Nantucket (Allen, Am. Nat., III, Feb., 1870, 640, but wrongly given as P. erythrorhynchus). Corrected in a note added to last page of author's extras, in which it is stated that "from information just received there is every reason for believing that this flock" of White Pelicans, mentioned on page 40 (of extras) as having visited Nantucket Island, "were Brown Pelicans." 277. Graculus carbo Gray. COMMON CORMORANT. Common winter resident. 278. Graculus dilophus Gray. DOUBLE-CRESTED CORMORANT. Not uncommon in winter. 279. Stercorarius pomatorhinus Vieill. POMARINE JAEGER; POMARINE SKUA. A not common winter visitant. 280. Stercorarius parasiticus Coues. (S. crepidatus Saund.) RICHARDSON'S SKUA; PARASITIC JAEGER. Along the coast in winter; not common. 281. Stercorarius buffoni Coues. (S. parasiticus Saund.) BUFFON'S SKUA. Rare on the coast in winter. 282. Larus glaucus Brünn. GLAUCOUS GULL. Rare winter visitant. 283. Larus leucopterus Fabr. winter visitant. WHITE-WINGED GULL. Rare 284. Larus marinus Linn. GREAT BLACK-BACKED GULL. Common winter visitant. 285. Larus argentatus Linn. HERRING GULL. Abundant winter visitant; a few remain along the coast in summer, where formerly they probably bred. 286. Larus delawarensis Ord. RING-BILLED GULL. Rather uncommon on the coast in winter. 287. Larus tridactylus Linn. KITTIWAKE GULL. Common winter visitant. *288. Larus atricilla Linn. LAUGHING GULL. Formerly a not uncommon summer visitant; now nearly extirpated from our coast. 289. Larus philadelphia Ord. BONAPARTE'S GULL. Common winter visitant, but more numerous in fall and spring. 290. Xema sabinci Bon. FORKED-TAILED GULL. Accidental. The only record is Boston Harbor, Sept. 27, 1874 (Brewster, Am. Sportsman, V, 1875, 370). 291. Sterna anglica Mont. (S. aranea auct.) GULL-BILLED TERN. Accidental. A recent record is Ipswich, Sept., 1871 (Brewster, Am. Nat., VI, May, 1872, 306). 292. Sterna caspia Pallas. CASPIAN TERN. Rare or accidental in winter. 293. Sterna regia Gamb. ROYAL TERN. Accidental. Two specimens taken by Messrs. Maynard and Brewster on Nantucket Island, July 1, 1874 (Am. Sports., V, 249, Jan. 16, 1875). 294. Sterna cantiaca Gmel. (S. acuflavida auct.) SANDWICH TERN. Accidental. One record only, Chatham, August, 1865 (Allen, Amer. Nat., III, Feb., 1870, 644). *295. Sterna hirundo Linn. COMMON TERN. Abundant summer resident along the coast. 296. Sterna forsteri Nutt. (S. havelli auct.) FORSTER'S TERN. Rare or accidental. Ipswich, Sept., 1870 (Brewster, Am. Nat., VI, May, 1872, 306; coast, "two or three" specimçus, 1873, Purdie, Am. Nat., VII, 693), *297. Sterna macrura Nord. ARCTIC TERN. Abundant summer resident along the coast. The form described as Sterna portlandica by Mr. Ridgway (Amer. Nat., VIII, 1874, 433), and since referred to S. macrura by Brewster (Ann. Lyc. Nat. Hist. N. Y., XI, 1875, 201) and Saunders (Proc. Zool. Soc., Lond., 1876, 650) has been taken on Muskeget Island (Brewster, Am. Sports., V, 249, Jan. 16, 1875). *298. Sterna dougalli Mont. (S. paradisea auct.) ROSEATE TERN. Common along the coast in summer. *299. Sterna superciliaris var. antillarum Coues. LEAST TERN. Common along the coast in summer. 300. Sterna fuliginosa Gmel. SOOTY TERN. Accidental. Two recent records of its capture in Massachusetts,-Lawrence, Oct. 29, 1876 (Deane, Bull. Nutt. Orn. Club, II, Jan., 1877, 27); Williamstown, Sept., 1876 (Tenney, Am. Nat., XI, 1877, 243). Also several times taken recently in Connecticut and Rhode Island,-Saybrook, Conn., summer of 1876 (Purdie, Bull. Nutt. Orn. Club, II, Jan., 1877, 22; see also Merriam, Rev. Birds Conn., 1877, 134). From these records it appears that six specimens were taken in Connecticut, one in Rhode Island, and two in Massachusetts, during 1876, mostly in September. 301. Hydrochelidon lariformis Cones. SHORT-TAILED TERN; BLACK TERN. Aecidental, or very rare. Ipswich, taken by Mr. C. J. Maynard (Allen, Am. Nat., III, Feb., 1870, 644). 302. Cymochorea leucorrhoa Coues. LEACH'S PETREL. Common winter visitant along the coast. 303. Oceanites oceanica Coues. WILSON'S PETREL. Common off the coast. 304. Puffinus major Fabr. GREATER SHEARWATER. Common off the coast, especially in winter. 305. Puffinus fuliginosus Strick. SoorY SHEARWATER. More or less common off the coast, especially in winter. *308. Colymbus torquatus Brünn. LooN; GREAT NORTHERN DIVER. More or less frequent resident. 307. Colymbus septentrionalis Linn. RED-THROATED Diver. Common winter visitant along the coast; rare in the interior; most numerous in autumn and spring. 308. Podiceps cornutus Gmel. HORNED GREBE. Chiefly a winter visitant, but not common; a few remain in summer. *310. Podilymbus podiceps Lawr. PIED-BILLED GREBE. Rather 312. Fratercula arctica Steph. ARCTIC PUFFIN; SEA PARROT. Not uncommon winter visitant. 313. Mergulus alle Vieill. DOVEKIE; SEA DOVE. Irregular and generally rare winter visitant along the coast; occasionally common. 314. Uria grylle Brünn. BLACK GUILLEMOT. Rather common winter visitant. 315. Lomvia troile Brandt. (L. troile et ringvia auct.) COMMON GUILLEMOT; MURRE. Common winter visitant. 316. Lomvia arra Coues. (Cataractes lomvia Bryant.) THICKBILLED GUILLEMOT. Common winter visitant along the coast. KEY. 2. Extirpated Species. 1. Meleagris gallopavo var. occidentalis Allen. WIld TurWell known to have been a common species in southern New England for a long time subsequent to the first settlement of this part of the country (see Bull. Nutt. Orn. Club, I, Sept., 1876, 55), but long since ceased to exist here in a wild state. Considered as nearly extinct by Emmons in 1833, but said by Hitchcock to be at that time "frequently met with on Mount Holyoke" (Rep. on Geol. Mass., etc., 1833, 549). 2. Grus canadensis Temm. SANDHILL CRANE; BROWN CRANE. Unquestionably more or less abundant two hundred years ago (see Bull. Nutt. Orn. Club, I, Sept., 1876, 58), but there is no recent record of its occurrence. 3. Grus americanus Ord. WHOOPING CRANE; WHITE CRANE. This species was given by Emmons in 1833 as a rare but regular visiIt unquestionably tant, but there is no later record of its occurrence. occurred here at the time of the first settlement of the country, in common with the preceding species. 4. Alca impennis Linn. GREAT AUK. The former existence of this species in Massachusetts is attested by the occurrence of its bones in the Indian shell heaps of the coast, particularly at Ipswich, and there are also unquestionable allusions to its presence on Cape Cod at the time the coast was explored by Gosnold in 1602 (see Bull. Nutt. Orn. Club, I, Sept., 1876, 59). Other species that are virtually extirpated, although retained in the preceding list, are the Prairie Hen (Cupidonia cupido), supposed to be now restricted to Martha's Vineyard, where only a few, if indeed any, representatives of this formerly rather common species still exist (see anteà, p. 22); the Whistling Swan (Cygnus americanus), now only a rare straggler, and probably also the Trumpeter Swan (Cygnus buccinator). To these may probably be added the Labrador or Pied Duck (Campolamus labradorius), respecting which see Rowley, Orn. Miscel., pt. VI, pp. 205-223, 1877; also Bull. Nutt. Orn. Club, III, Apr., 1878. |