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THE KING AND THE COMMONS.

Cavalier and Puritan Poems.

SELECTED AND ARRANGED

By HENRY MORLEY,

Professor of Literature, London University.
Forming the New Volume of "The Bayard Series."

(It was in working on this volume that Mr. Morley discovered the new Milton Poem, about which there is so much controversy. A facsimile of the Poem and Signature J. or P. M.. with parallel passages, and the whole of the evidences pro and con, will be given in the prefatory matter, so that the scholar can form his own conclusion.)

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SERMONS

PREACHED IN WESTMINSTER:

BY THE

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III. The Two Records of Crea-
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IV. The Fall and the Repent-
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V. The Good Daughter.
VI. The Convenient Season.
VII. The Death of the Martyrs.
VIII. God is Love.

IX. St. Paul's Thorn in the
Flesh.

X. Evil Thoughts.

XI. Sins of the Tongue.
XII. Youth and Age.
XIII. Chri-t our Rest.
XIV. The Slavery of Sin.

XV. The Sleep of Death.
XVI. David's Sin our Warnin.
XVII. The Story of St. John.
XVIII. The Worship of the Sera-
phim.

XIX. Joseph an Example to the
Young.

XX. Home Religion.
XXI. The Latin Service of the
Romish Church.

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CONTENTS.-N° 33.

NOTES:- Lacus Ampsanctus, 145- Poem ascribed to Milton: Thyme growing in Woods, 146-Verses to Henriette Marie, &c., 147 Poems translated from the German, 148 -Letter from Sir T. Fairfax, 149 - Chaucer's "Canterbury Tales," &c., Ib. Illustrations of Bishop Percy's

Ib. Toads and Lizards born of Women Excessive Punc-
tuation
Na-
Humboldt's Old Parrot: Karl-August
tional Portrait Exhibition, 1868 - Folk Song - Whistling
Presentiment
in your Fist - Bishop Butler
lain, 153.

-

Porce

QUERIES:- Michael Wigglesworth, 155- Betty Garet, Ib.
Age of the World American Dramatists - Anony-
Drum
mous J. Beresford - Chatterton -
-"The Gowns-
man," 1829-1830- Names - David Neilson- The Pelham
Buckle Primitive Font Quotation wanted-Stone
Cannon-balls - Yudhishthira and Janamejaya, Pându-
vansis, of the Maha Bharata, 156.

QUERIES WITH ANSWERS:- St. John Long-Macnab of Macnab - Longevity of Sir John Peyton - Representation of Preston - Sir Francis Harvey-Sir Ambrose Crawley

in grandeur about fifteen to twenty miles distant, and there I had heard the same statement respecting two small lochs which are found in the largest crater. These, too, give signs, which the monks imagine to predict some coming convulsion.

Having my imagination full of Virgil's descrip

Manuscript, No. 1, 152- Sale of Books printed by Caxton, tion, I confess that I was sadly disappointed when I looked down on the small pool at the bottom of what might be called a crater. It was in the form of a semicircle, and the pool was on a level with the surface of the narrow valley which ran towards it. The hills in its immediate vicinity rise to no great height, nor yet are they covered with wood, though there is some slight brushwood. There was nothing solemn nor religious in its aspect. The water had a dark, pitchy appearance, and was thrown up occasionally in several places to the height of four or five feet, falling back again into the basin. At the edge on which we were standing we might possibly be forty feet above the pool, and we did not dare to descend, as the exhalations were said to be so strong that we should have been suffocated long before we reached the water. The smell certainly was very strong as I attempted to descend, but we were told that it is not always in this state, and at times it may be approached with impunity to windward. The lake has no apparent outlet for its waters; at a short distance, however, there is a small rill oozing from the ground, with water of a mineral taste, which is conveyed to some baths, employed by the inhabitants for cutaneous diseases. The country around had that pale, deadly hue which the presence of sulphur always causes, and the stones close to the pool were quite yellow.

-Lady Mollineux, 158. REPLIES:- Naked Legs at Court, 159 -Disembowelment, 161 - Greek MS. of the Gospels, 162 - The Medal of Cromwell, 163-St. Herefrid - Sir Walter Raleigh's Descendants Parish Registers-Sir John Davis - Old Ballad Tasso's "Love and Madness"- Ancient and Modern Sanskrit Old Border Games P. Ker - Fruits preserved in Honey - Noble of Edward III. Robert Morris - Calvin and Servetus- Enamelling the Face - Echelles - A. Griff, &c., 164.

Notes on Books, &c.

Notes.

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"Est locus, Italiæ in medio sub montibus altis,
Nobilis, et famâ multis memoratus in oris,
Amsancti valles: densis hunc frondibus atrum
Urget utrinque latus nemoris, medioque fragosus
Dat sonitum saxis et torto vortice torrens.
Hic specus horrendum, et sævi spiracula Ditis
Monstrantur; ruptoque ingens Acheronte vorago
Pestiferas aperit fauces."

When I visited it with two Oxonian friends, it had nothing in its appearance that could in the least approach to such a description, but we got some curious information respecting it from an intelligent priest whom we met at Gesualdo, a village about eight miles distant from the lake, now known as Le Mofete, evidently a corruption of Mephitis, the goddess of mephitic exhalations, to whom Pliny (H. N. ii. 95, 3. ed. Lemaire) tells us a temple was erected in its vicinity. This priest told us that the inhabitants watched with anxiety the appearance of the lake, as it was always in much greater commotion before any violent convulsion of nature, such as earthquakes, or even a violent eruption of Vesuvius. Mons Vultur rises

From all I heard I am inclined to believe that Virgil's description may at times be no exaggeration, as volcanic appearances change so much and so suddenly. Cicero (De Divin. lib. i. 36) refers to it in nearly the same language: "Ex quibus et mortifera quædam pars est, ut et Amsancti in Hirpinis."

Some writers, and among others Chaupy, maintain that we must look for the Lacus Ampsanctus at Cutiliæ, on the river Velinus. I visited this lake, with its floating islands, but it has less resemblance to the description of Virgil than even the lake of which I have been speaking. If the appearance, indeed, of the hills was to determine the question, they are certainly of a much grander character than in the south. They tower to a great height around; at Cutilia we are in the midst of the loftiest ridge of Apennines and the most picturesque ravines. The pass of Antrodoco is close by, and from the neighbouring heights the eye rests on Monte Corno, the "Gran Sasso d'Italia," with its peak 10,154 feet above the level of the sea.

I have said that Chaupy places it at the lake of

Cutiliæ, but in this I am following Romanelli, and I do not know whether Chaupy fixes on Cutiliæ or Lacus Velinus in the plain of Rieti, close to the falls of Terni. They are of course quite different lakes, and possibly twenty miles from each other. The Lacus Velinus has no appearance of effervescence of any kind, and is still less suited to Virgil's description, unless, indeed, we are to consider the Falls to represent the description of Virgil. Would your correspondent W. kindly examine Chaupy, and see whether he fixes on Velinus or Cutilia? Does Chaupy say that he is adopting the suggestion of any previous writer in removing Ampsanctus to the north? He was not the first to look in that direction for the lake, as I find in the Iter Venusinum of Lupoli (Neapoli, 1793) that a variety of writers had already suggested the idea.

Flavio Biondo, who wrote a work entitled Italia Illustrata; Alberti, who wrote Descriptio Italia; Francesco Florido, who wrote Syllogismi vel lectiones subseciva, and several others before Chaupy had fixed on the plain of Rieti as agreeing better with the "umbilicus Italia" than "Mofete," but they seem to have thought of Lacus Velinus, now known as "Lago a piè di Luco," though this lake has not, as I have already said, the slightest appearance of being under volcanic influence, whereas the country in the south round "Mofete" is doubtless subject to constant disturbance. At Mirabella, a village at no great distance, there is a sulphureous spring called Acqua Putrida, and the hills in the vicinity of Castro Franco are called by the peasantry "Monti Tremoli," (the "Trembling Hills"), from the constant shaking of the earth.

"Mofete

I have given a correct description of the lake as it presented itself to my eyes; but if we are to believe the statements of some of the Italian geographers, it is seen at times under a very different aspect. Thus Lupoli says (p. 137), "Heu quantus horror, mi Ferdinande, quum primum ad illum lacum accessi! Illic plumbeus aquarum color, quæ perenni motu agitatæ, ac veluti violento igni admotæ nullo non tempore fervent. Illic per lacum frequentes bullulæ discurrunt, prægrandiores certe iis, quas pueri ex sapone per lusum exprimunt. Illic ripa cretaceo glutine concreta. Quid porro, de voragine ipsa, quæ tortum, horrendumque aquarum vorticem efformat, et ex quâ pestiferi et mortales halitus scatent?"

Even Pratilli, p. 460 (Della Via Appia, Napoli, 1745), who seldom allows his imagination to raise him above a prosaic description, thus speaks of

it:

"Nel mezzo, con orribil furia e rimbombo, gorgogliando sorge, e s'alza intorno a sei spanne un' acqua torbida, livida, e fredda, e di un lezzo spiacevole, qual è quello del solfo, allorchè con altro bitume si brucia; ed è tanto grave, acuto, e gagliardo, che si sente talora parecchie miglia all' intorno, ed appuzza i circostanti villaggi."

I do not doubt that "Mofete" is the Lacus

Ampsanctus of Virgil, and though the poet has evidently allowed his imagination full play in the description of the surrounding scenery, I believe that it occasionally exhibits a very different appearance from that which met my eyes. CRAUFURD TAIT RAMAGE.

POEM ASCRIBED TO MILTON: THYME
GROWING IN WOODS.

Assuming that our wild thyme is the thymum of the Latins, I think it may be shown that we have authority from the Roman poets-Horace more particularly-to warrant the conclusion that it is to be found growing in woods or groves as well as in open and unsheltered spots. In support of this theory-if mere theory it be-I shall quote only two passages, and both from the poet mentioned above.

In Ode 17, book I. we have

66

Impune tutum per nemus arbutos
Quærunt latentes et thyma, devia
Olentis uxores mariti."

In Ode 2, book IV.

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"Ego apis Matinæ
More modoque,

Grata carpentis thyma per laborem
Plurimum, circa nemus uvidique
Tiburis ripas, operosa parvus
Carmina fingo."

Now from these two passages it is clear that the thymum of the Latins did sometimes grow in the nemus. What, then, was the nemus, and whence is the word derived? From the Greek véμew without doubt. The root-meaning of which is, according to the dictionaries, "a grove which contains meadows and pasture land for cattle." These openings would in Latin be expressed by saltus ("saltibus in vacuis pascant," Virg. Georg. iii. 1. 143), in English by either oasis or glade. In the poets, however, the word has a more restricted sense, and, with rare if any exceptions, signifies a plantation, wood, or forest. In one or other of these meanings we meet with it in Horace then, is the conclusion to which all this leads ? seven times, in Virgil more than twenty. What, Surely that, as in its poetic use, nemus means a wood; and as one poet, at all events, speaks of thymum as growing in the nemus, and as the Italian thymum and the English wild thyme are identical in their kind, it may fairly be permitted an English poet, in a description of this production, to assign it a locality for which he has the authority of one of the best poets of the best age. Of Milton's knowledge of the classics it would be idle to say a word. That it was profound and universal his writings plainly prove. His poems tions from them. Is it too much, then, to suppose are prolific in allusions to them, and in illustrabe his-he may have had in his eye one or both of that in this passage in the epitaph-assuming it to

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During the rage of the controversy respecting the poem attributed to Milton, it is perhaps not unreasonable to point out some of the peculiar beauties which are conspicuous among all the inequalities of his poems:

"Quantum lenta solent inter viburna cupressi." De Quincey informs us: —

"Mr. Landor makes one correction by a single improvement in the punctuation, which has a very fine effect. Rarely has so large a result been distributed through a sentence by so slight a change. It is in the Samson, Samson says, speaking of himself (as elsewhere) with that profound pathos, which to all hearts recalls Milton's own situation in the days of his old age, when he was composing that drama

'Ask for this great deliverer now, and find him
Eyeless in Gaza at the mill with slaves.'

Thus it is usually printed-that is, without a comma in the
latter line; but, says Landor, there ought to be commas
after eyeless, after Gaza, after mill.' And why? because
thus, the grief of Samson is aggravated at every member
of the sentence.' He (like Milton) was-(
s—(1) blind; (2)
in a city of triumphant enemies; (3) working for daily
bread; (4) herding with slaves; Samson literally, and
Milton with those whom politically he regarded as such."
Is it not extremely improbable that the hand of

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"Heaven keep my sister!' replies the second Brother; and the Attendant Spirit says, he came not here to pursue the stealth of pilfering wolf."'"

That beast is the true reading is proved by Dian needing her dreaded bow against the lioness and pard, and is confirmed by the poet himself:"And now wild beasts came forth the woods to roam." Paradise Regained, b. i. last line. "Rien ne réussit comme le succès,"

is said to be untranslatable, but "nothing tells like success" strikes me as a good homely phrase with some stuff in it, at any rate preferable to the milk-and-water dilution now going the rounds of literature, 66 nothing succeeds like success." Perhaps réussit has some variation or shade of meaning like Voltaire's heureux; see last month's "N. & Q." p. 22. ROBT. CARTWRIGHT, M.D. Shrewsbury.

VERSES TO Henriette Marie, WIFE OF CHARLES I. ON
HER RETURN FROM HOLLAND IN 1643.
MADAM,

Whilest Orpheus toucht his harpe, we read
Woods and trees did measures tread;
And their stubborne rootes, like feet,
Did in dance and numbers meet.
Tigers too, and panthers wilde,
Lost their fiercenesse, and grew milde.
And the savage multitude
Of people were no longer rude.
But when once he cea'st to play,
Hearers did become a fraye,
And no longer swayd by charmes,
Knew nought civill but their armes.
Ayres, we read too, and soft layes,
Heretofore did citties raise.
When a gentle close did meet,
Straightway started up a street;
And like creatures of the string
From each stroke did temples spring,
What musick did doe heretofore,
Your beauty did doe, and much more.
Before you went, from your faire look
Our saluages their mildnesse tooke.
Wolves, and beares, and beasts of prey,
With the lambe, and kidde did play.
From your charming face, and smile
Sprung a soft peace to this isle.
And whilest you mov'd in our sphere
We an order'd kingdome were.
But once parted from us, we
Having lost the harmonye,
Which combined us in one knot,
Concord, rule, and lawes forgot,.
Every thing did loose its name,
A people a wild rout became.
Nothing did with thing agree;
Once more we did chaos see.
The base under element
Did invade the firmament;

And those parts which lowest lye
Striv'd to change place with the skye.
The dull earth did strive to run
Equall courses with the sun,

And would teach us to count dayes,
By its shade, not by his rayes.

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