'there are boys to carry. Brave Cleopatras, sailing in 'their silk-cloth Galley, with a Cupid for steersman! Consider their welts, a handbreadth thick, which waver round them by way of hem; the long flood of silver 5 'buttons, or rather silver shells, from throat to shoe, 'wherewith these same welt-gowns are buttoned. The 'maidens have bound silver snoods about their hair, with 'gold spangles, and pendent flames (Flammen), that is, 'sparkling hair-drops: but of their mother's headgear Io who shall speak? Neither in love of grace is comfort 'forgotten. In winter weather you behold the whole fair 'creation (that can afford it) in long mantles, with skirts 'wide below, and, for hem, not one but two sufficient 'handbroad welts; all ending atop in a thick well15 'starched Ruff, some twenty inches broad: these are 'their Ruff-mantles (Kragenmäntel).

'As yet among the womankind hoop-petticoats are not; 'but the men have doublets of fustian, under which lie 'multiple ruffs of cloth, pasted together with batter (mit 20 Teig zusammengekleistert), which create protuberance 'enough. Thus do the two sexes vie with each other in the art of Decoration; and as usual the stronger 'carries it.'

Our Professor, whether he have humour himself or not, 25 manifests a certain feeling of the Ludicrous, a sly observance of it, which, could emotion of any kind be confidently predicted of so still a man, we might call a real love. None of those bell-girdles, bushel-breeches, cornuted shoes or other the like phenomena, of which the History 30 of Dress offers so many, escape him more especially the mischances, or striking adventures, incident to the wearers of such, are noticed with due fidelity. Sir Walter Raleigh's fine mantle, which he spread in the mud under Queen Elizabeth's feet, appears to provoke little enthusi

asm in him: he merely asks, Whether at that period the Maiden Queen' was red-painted on the nose, and white'painted on the cheeks, as her tirewomen, when from 'spleen and wrinkles she would no longer look in any 'glass, were wont to serve her?' We can answer that 5 Sir Walter knew well what he was doing, and had the Maiden Queen been stuffed parchment dyed in verdigris, would have done the same.

Thus too, treating of those enormous habiliments, that were not only slashed and galooned, but artificially swol- 10 len-out on the broader parts of the body, by introduction of Bran, our Professor fails not to comment on that luckless Courtier, who having seated himself on a chair with some projecting nail on it, and therefrom rising, to pay his devoir on the entrance of Majesty, instantaneously 15 emitted several pecks of dry wheat-dust diminished to a spindle, his galoons and slashes dangling sorrowful and flabby round him. Whereupon the Professor publishes this reflection :

and stood there

'By what strange chances do we live in History! Eros- 20 *tratus by a torch; Milo by a bullock; Henry Darnley, 'an unfledged booby and bustard, by his limbs; most 'Kings and Queens by being born under such and such 'a bedtester; Boileau Despréaux (according to Helvetius) 'by the peck of a turkey; and this ill-starred individual 25 'by a rent in his breeches, for no Memoirist of Kaiser Vain was the prayer of TheForgetting: my Friends, yield cheerfully to Destiny, and read since it is written.' Has Teufelsdröckh to be put in mind that, nearly related 30 to the impossible talent of Forgetting, stands that talent of Silence, which even travelling Englishmen manifest?

'Otto's Court omits him.

'mistocles for a talent of

'The simplest costume,' observes our Professor, 'which 'I anywhere find alluded to in History, is that used as

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' regimental, by Bolivar's Cavalry, in the late Columbian wars. A square Blanket, twelve feet in diagonal, is pro'vided (some were wont to cut-off the corners, and make 'it circular) in the centre a slit is effected eighteen 5 inches long; through this the mother-naked Trooper in'troduces his head and neck; and so rides shielded from 'all weather, and in battle from many strokes (for he 'rolls it about his left arm); and not only dressed, but 'harnessed and draperied.'

With which picture of a State of Nature, affecting by its singularity, and Old-Roman contempt of the superfluous, we shall quit this part of our subject.

CHAPTER VIII.

THE WORLD OUT OF CLOTHES.

IF in the Descriptive-Historical Portion of this Volume, Teufelsdröckh, discussing merely the Werden (Origin and 15 successive Improvement) of Clothes, has astonished many a reader, much more will he in the Speculative-Philosophical Portion, which treats of their Wirken, or Influences. It is here that the present Editor first feels the pressure of his task; for here properly the higher and new Phi20 losophy of Clothes commences: an untried, almost inconceivable region, or chaos; in venturing upon which, how difficult, yet how unspeakably important is it to know what course, of survey and conquest, is the true one; where the footing is firm substance and will bear us, where 25 it is hollow, or mere cloud, and may engulf us! Teufelsdröckh undertakes no less than to expound the moral, political, even religious Influences of Clothes; he under

takes to make manifest, in its thousandfold bearings, this grand Proposition, that Man's earthly interests are all hooked and buttoned together, and held up, by Clothes.' He says in so many words, 'Society is founded upon 'Cloth'; and again, Society sails through the Infinitude 5 'on Cloth, as on a Faust's Mantle, or rather like the 'Sheet of clean and unclean beasts in the Apostle's 'Dream; and without such Sheet or Mantle, would sink 'to endless depths, or mount to inane limboes, and in 'either case be no more.'

By what chains, or indeed infinitely complected tissues, of Meditation this grand Theorem is here unfolded, and innumerable practical Corollaries are drawn therefrom, it were perhaps a mad ambition to attempt exhibiting. Our Professor's method is not, in any case, that of common 15 school Logic, where the truths all stand in a row, each holding by the skirts of the other; but at best that of practical Reason, proceeding by large Intuition over whole systematic groups and kingdoms; whereby, we might say, a noble complexity, almost like that of Nature, 20 reigns in his Philosophy, or spiritual Picture of Nature: a mighty maze, yet, as faith whispers, not without a plan. Nay we complained above, that a certain ignoble complexity, what we must call mere confusion, was also discernible. Often, also, we have to exclaim: Would to 25 Heaven those same Biographical Documents were come! For it seems as if the demonstration lay much in the Author's individuality; as if it were not Argument that had taught him, but Experience. At present it is only in local glimpses, and by significant fragments, picked often 30 at wide-enough intervals from the original Volume, and carefully collated, that we can hope to impart some outline or foreshadow of this Doctrine. Readers of any intelligence are once more invited to favour us with their

most concentrated attention: let these, after intense consideration, and not till then, pronounce, Whether on the utmost verge of our actual horizon there is not a looming as of Land; a promise of new Fortunate Islands, perhaps 5 whole undiscovered Americas, for such as have canvas to sail thither?— As exordium to the whole, stand here the following long citation :

'With men of a speculative turn,' writes Teufelsdröckh, there come seasons, meditative, sweet, yet awful hours, Io when in wonder and fear you ask yourself that unan'swerable question: Who am I; the thing that can say

e ee

"I" (das Wesen das sich ICH nennt)? The world, with *its loud trafficking, retires into the distance; and through 'the paper-hangings, and stone-walls, and thick-plied 15 tissues of Commerce and Polity, and all the living and 'lifeless integuments (of Society and a Body), wherewith 'your Existence sits surrounded, the sight reaches 'forth into the void Deep, and you are alone with the 'Universe, and silently commune with it as one myste20 'rious Presence with another.

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'Who am I; what is this ME? A Voice, a Motion, an 'Appearance; some embodied, visualised Idea in the 'Eternal Mind? Cogito, ergo sum. Alas, poor Cogitator, 'this takes us but a little way. Sure enough, I am; and 25 lately was not but Whence ? How? Whereto ? The answer lies around, written in all colours and motions, ' uttered in all tones of jubilee and wail, in thousandfigured, thousand-voiced, harmonious Nature but where 'is the cunning eye and ear to whom that God-written 30 Apocalypse will yield articulate meaning? We sit as in 'a boundless Phantasmagoria and Dream-grotto; bound'less, for the faintest star, the remotest century, lies not 'even nearer the verge thereof sounds and many'coloured visions flit round our sense; but Him, the