over last year and of 29 over the number recorded in 1914-15, next highest on the list.

The greatest bulk of material was received by transfer from the United States Geological Survey, but numerous valuable specimens were acquired chiefly by exchanges and gifts. These include a quantity of South American material comprising Bolivian tin and tungsten ores, and rare copper minerals from Chile, secured by Custodian F. L. Hess through Guggenheim Bros., New York City; Messrs. L. L. Ellis and Don Stewart, Oruro, Bolivia; and Prof. Joseph T. Singewald, of Johns Hopkins University. In addition, a representative series of ores from Argentina was presented by the ambassador, Mr. Tomas A. Le Breton.

Interesting additions were made to the exhibit of radioactive minerals, including carnotite, euxenite, torbernite, and uraninite.

The meteorite collection was augmented by representatives of four falls-Forsyth County, N. C.; Chinautla, Guatemala; Troup, Tex.; and Owens Valley, Calif.

New and rare specimens were added to the mineral collection. chiefly through exchanges. An attractive suite of precious opal in the matrix, ranging in color from the "black" opal to the pale, opalescent tints, was presented by the Rainbow Ridge Mining Co., operating in Humboldt County, Nev., and important additions to the collection of cut gems were acquired through the Frances Lea Chamberlain fund.

The petrological collection was enriched by the extensive series. of igneous rocks from islands of the Pacific and Indian Oceans, collected by the late Dr. Joseph P. Iddings and presented by his sister, Mrs. Francis D. Cleveland. Including also the scientific portion of Doctor Iddings's library as well as valuable collections assigned to other departments of the Museum, this is considered one of the most notable accessions of the year.

Accessions of paleontological material aggregate at least 50,000 specimens and include much material from foreign sources. Several thousand specimens of Cambrian fossils, collected chiefly by Secretary Walcott, and approximately 25,000 specimens of Silurian and Devonian forms from Maine are also among the year's acquisitions.

Vertebrate remains of unusual interest and in large quantity were obtained by Mr. J. W. Gidley, collecting in Arizona under the joint auspices of the National Museum and United States Geological Survey. A portion of this, including a rare species of mastodon and a large glyptodon, is sufficiently complete to afford material for restoration and exhibition.

New exhibits include two cases containing gem minerals in the matrix, supplemental to the gem collection; an entirely new installment of the exhibit illustrating radioactivity, and instructive and

showy biological series selected from the crinoid collection of Dr. Frank Springer; skeletons of the unique horned dinosaur, Brachyceratops montanensis, a wolverine, or Gulo, and a bear; and a biologic series illustrating the evolution of fossil plants.

Textiles, medicine, wood technology, and foods.-The collections under the supervision of the curator of textiles,, which, besides textiles, embrace medicine, food, wood technology, and miscellaneous animal and vegetable products, were increased by many gifts and by transfer from other Government bureaus, amounting to nearly 1,000 objects. The most important of these are as follows:

From the Director of Air Service, War Department, specimens of the fabrics used in the construction and equipment of airplanes for military use; also examples of the same fabrics which had been converted to demonstrate the value for civilian use of the large surplus sold by the War Department to the public. There were added by gift many beautiful specimens of silks, fur fabrics, plushes, and velvets contributed by American manufacturers to show the progress of textile industries in this country.

The collections in the division of medicine were enlarged by a series of the most frequently prescribed pharmaceutical preparations, arranged, according to their therapeutic action, into 26 groups, by a large series of models, specimens, and photographs illustrating vaccine and serum therapy and arranged to demonstrate the methods used to combat smallpox, lockjaw, pneumonia, cerebrospinal meningitis, and hay fever. The collection illustrating pharmacy received valuable specimens of pharmaceutical apparatus and a large number of additional documents and publications bearing on the history of the United States Pharmacopoeia.

Increased interest in the exhibition collections of the section of wood technology resulted from the gift by the British Government of a large section of one of the heavy oak beams taken from the roof of Westminster Hall during recent repairs to that historic structure. The roof was built under the orders of Richard II, in 1399, and oak timbers used therein, allowing for the age of the tree, must be at least 1,000 years old. The timber presented to the Museum exemplifies the durability of British oak and gives an idea of the beauty of the old craftsman's work.

Interest in the exhibits of the section of foods was increased by the addition of over 100 examples of canned fruits, vegetables, fish, and meats, which had been packed and preserved so as to present a most attractive appearance. This appetizing array of canned foods was all put up by children according to the cold-pack method and represented a selection from the jars winning prizes in 17 State contests between members of boys' and girls' canning clubs.

Mechanical and mineral technology.-One of the most important fields of the division of mechanical technology is educational exhibits visualizing the developments in the transportation systems of the country and the details of such progress. In this connection there were received a number of accessions, among which might be mentioned the gasoline automobile designed and constructed by Charles E. Duryea in 1892-93, which represents probably the beginnings of the automotive industry in this country. Another valuable accession was that of an operating model showing the cylinder mechanism of the type of internal-combustion engine developed by the WillysOverland Co., of Toledo, Ohio.

In the branch of aeronautics the extensive collections of the Institution were further enhanced by the receipt of the original experimental hydroplane model devised by Mr. Edson F. Gallaudet, chairman of the board of directors of the Gallaudet Aircraft Corporation, East Greenwich, R. I. This model was constructed and experimented with in 1898, and is particularly interesting in that means for lateral control and wing warping were incorporated but in practice were unsuccessful.

The collections devoted to horology were increased through the efforts of Mr. George W. Spier, honorary custodian of watches, by the receipt of 10 valuable old watches; and Mr. Emile Berliner, of Washington City, very generously presented two gramophones of importance in the development of the talking machine, namely, the first commercial type developed in 1893, and an electrically operated machine devised by Mr. Berliner in 1896.

Among the accessions received in mineral technology was one consisting of over 400 specimens visualizing the interrelationship of the several chemical industries of importance in the production of aniline dyes, war gases, pharmaceuticals, and explosives.

Graphic arts.-The increment in graphic arts included an exhibit of hand-made paper; two books made along sixteenth century lines, all the work of one man, type, composition, and paper; facsimiles in type metal of 50 characters of supposedly the first font of metal type ever cast; wood block prints by Thomas Bewick, the father of wood engraving as used to-day; engraved wood block with progressive proofs in color by Rudolph Ruzicka; an exhibit of lead molding electrotypes and the McKee treatment of electrotype plates; photogelatine and photogravure work extending over 30 or 40 years; historical examples of rotary photogravure; beautiful examples of modern printing in black and white and color; soft ground etchings in color by Benjamin C. Brown; etched plate with trial proofs by Frank W. Benson, and dry-point etchings of President Harding, taken from life by Walter Tittle. To the photographic section were added a Jenkins camera making 30,000 exposures a minute; a print

from the first negative made in the United States by the Belin method of sending portraits by wire; Civil War photographs by Brady and large toned bromides of the World War showing comparative methods of warfare and photography; and illustrations of a number of hitherto unrepresented photographic processes.

History. The historical collections received important additions during the past year. Those relating to the World War were for the most part of a naval character. The Navy Department transferred to the Museum a large aggregation of materials illustrating the part played by that branch of the service during the war, including naval airplanes of the type and design used for patrol and convoy duty during the conflict, models of naval vessels used during the same period, various examples of marine instruments used on these ships, and a large number of guns and miscellaneous ordnance material. The Navy Department also increased its exhibition by a number of naval objects captured from the enemy in the war zone. These include the engines of a German submarine, a submarine torpedo, and a number of smaller German naval projectiles. The exhibit of the Navy Department already presents in a striking and graphic manner the leading features of the work of the Navy during the war, and plans have been made to develop it into one of the most notable collections of the kind in existence. The numismatic and pictorial sections of the war collection received valuable additions, the former including a number of war decorations and commemorative medals and the latter two large paintings by Arthur M. Hazard, entitled "Not by Might" and "The Spirit of the Armistice." The collection was increased by British and Canadian uniforms, and documents relating to the services of Lieut. Louis Bennett, of the Royal Air Force, killed in action in France, given the Museum by his mother, Mrs. Louis Bennett, of Weston, W. Va.; and a collection of French military objects, including a steel listening post, a steel cupola with guns, a catapult, a Brandt cannon, a number of hand and rifle grenades, and miscellaneous relics presented by the French Government.

Of the antiquarian material may be mentioned a watch seal of carnelian set in gold, bearing the Washington crest and owned by General Washington subsequent to the War of the Revolution. This exceptionally interesting and valuable object was presented to the Museum by Mr. William Sloane, of New York. The National Society of Colonial Dames of America added to their collection a number of interesting pieces. Of special interest also is a very handsome silver punch bowl with tray, ladle, and 10 mugs, presented to Col. George Armistead by citizens of Baltimore in recognition of his services in connection with the defense of Fort McHenry, Baltimore Harbor, in 1814. These have been presented to the Mu

seum by Mr. Alexander Gordon, jr., of Baltimore, a great grandson of Colonel Armistead. The military, the naval, the numismatic, and the philatelic sections of the original historical collections also received large additions during the year.

The Herbert Ward collection.-The Herbert Ward collection of African ethnologica, together with sculptures of African subjects by Mr. Ward, forming a unique assemblage illustrative of the culture of the unmodified natives, was packed and shipped from Paris on June 25, 1921. This collection, in accordance with Mr. Ward's wishes, was given to the Museum by his widow, Mrs. Sarita Sanford Ward. Mr. Ward was born in London, England, in 1862. At the age of 15 he set out on travels which took him over many of the unexplored lands of the world, and at 21 he began his work in Africa. While in the Congo, in the employ of the Belgian Government, he rendered important aid to Stanley in his explorations. For more than five years Mr. Ward lived among the natives of Central Africa, and during this time he developed the idea of preserving an epitome of the primitive life with which he was then surrounded and which would be an index of the primitive life of all men. The African Negro that Mr. Ward studied impressed him as possessing fine qualities of simple dignity and loyalty. Mr. Ward was by instinct and training a lover of art and constantly recorded his impressions of the natives at first hand. The records which he made on the spot were used in his subsequent famous works of sculpture, which portray the soul of Africa. Mr. Ward in this collection has contributed a noble effort for the benefit of art, science, and humanity.

Partello bequest.-By the terms of the will of Dwight J. Partello, offered for probate during the year, the Museum is bequeathed his collection of musical instruments, bows, and cases, gathered during many years of collecting; 37 paintings; a gold and silver bowl or casket presented to Mr. Partello by the Czar of Russia; and a diploma and medal awarded him for his exhibit of violins at the Chicago Exposition in 1893. This well-known collection illustrating the Italian school of violins is of great intrinsic value and numbers 25 instruments of the violin family, made by the best masters in pure construction, including Amati, Stradavari, Bergonzi, Guarnerius, and others. At the end of the year the estate had not been settled.

EXPLORATIONS AND FIELD-WORK.

Owing to very limited appropriations, the Museum is unable to undertake field-work except in cooperation with individuals or other scientific institutions where the expenses are mostly borne by them. The expeditions sent out during the past year have been financed almost entirely from outside sources.