Vicars of Christ: A History of the PopesCitadel Press, 2003 - 492 pages Ever since Emperor Constantine legalized Christianity in the 4th century, the papacy has been a formidable moral and religious presence in the world. The pope is an international force, a political necessity, an object of both inspiration and interference. He is godly to some, holier than thou to others. The popes of history run the gamut of human behavior, as different as the eras they lived in, the ways in which they delegated power, the means by which they led the Church. In these revealing biographies readers will meet: St. Peter, first in line, and talented with a pen; St. Callixtus, who was once a slave; St. Clement, who was thrown into the sea with an anchor around his neck; St. Leo I, who frightened Attila the Hun into sparing Rome; St. Gregory I, who banished the plague from Rome; St. Leo IX, one of the great reform popes; St. Gregory VII, one of history's greatest popes, who nobly defended the Church against domination by secular powers. Not to mention the generous, the murderous, the lecherous, and the truly righteous. All were visible heads of the Church on Earth -- Vicars of Christ -- and these are the unvarnished chronicles of how they succeeded, when they failed ... and why. |
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... 492 ) 41 44 45 46 46 48 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 56 57 58 59 1999 61 63 64 70 70 71 73 74 75 76 £ É ➢➢K ! FC ༤ ➢ ཎཱུ ཀྵུ ཎཱུ ཚ སྨྱ ཚ 76 77 78 78 79 81 82 84 85 87 88 St. Hormisdas ( July 20 , 514 - August 6 VIII Contents.
... 492 ) 41 44 45 46 46 48 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 56 57 58 59 1999 61 63 64 70 70 71 73 74 75 76 £ É ➢➢K ! FC ༤ ➢ ཎཱུ ཀྵུ ཎཱུ ཚ སྨྱ ཚ 76 77 78 78 79 81 82 84 85 87 88 St. Hormisdas ( July 20 , 514 - August 6 VIII Contents.
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... VIII ( December 14 , 872 - December 16 , 882 ) 158 Marinus I ( December 16 , 882 - May 15 , 884 ) 162 St. Adrian III ( May 17 , 884 - September 17 , 885 ) 163 163 Stephen VI ( V ) ( May 17 , 885 - September 14 , 891 ) THE PORNOCRACY 165 ...
... VIII ( December 14 , 872 - December 16 , 882 ) 158 Marinus I ( December 16 , 882 - May 15 , 884 ) 162 St. Adrian III ( May 17 , 884 - September 17 , 885 ) 163 163 Stephen VI ( V ) ( May 17 , 885 - September 14 , 891 ) THE PORNOCRACY 165 ...
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... VIII ( VII ) ( February 929 - March 931 ) John XI ( 931 - December 935 ) Leo VII ( January 3 , 936 - July 13 , 939 ) Stephen IX ( X ) ( July 14 , 939 - October 31 , 942 ) Marinus II ( 942 - April 946 ) Agapetus II ( May 10 , 946 ...
... VIII ( VII ) ( February 929 - March 931 ) John XI ( 931 - December 935 ) Leo VII ( January 3 , 936 - July 13 , 939 ) Stephen IX ( X ) ( July 14 , 939 - October 31 , 942 ) Marinus II ( 942 - April 946 ) Agapetus II ( May 10 , 946 ...
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... VIII ( March 8 , 1118-1137 ) Anti - Pope 231 Callixtus ( Callistus ) II ( February 1 , 1119 - December 13 , 1124 ) 232 Honorius II ( December 15 , 1124 - February 14 , 1130 ) 234 Innocent II ( February 14 , 1130 - September 24 , 1143 ) ...
... VIII ( March 8 , 1118-1137 ) Anti - Pope 231 Callixtus ( Callistus ) II ( February 1 , 1119 - December 13 , 1124 ) 232 Honorius II ( December 15 , 1124 - February 14 , 1130 ) 234 Innocent II ( February 14 , 1130 - September 24 , 1143 ) ...
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... VIII ( December 24 , 1294 - October 11 , 1303 ) Bl . Benedict XI ( October 22 , 1303 - July 7 , 1304 ) CAPTIVITY AND SCHISM Clement V ( June 5 , 1305 - April 20 , 1314 ) John XXII ( August 7 , 1316 - December 4 , 1334 ) Nicholas V ( May ...
... VIII ( December 24 , 1294 - October 11 , 1303 ) Bl . Benedict XI ( October 22 , 1303 - July 7 , 1304 ) CAPTIVITY AND SCHISM Clement V ( June 5 , 1305 - April 20 , 1314 ) John XXII ( August 7 , 1316 - December 4 , 1334 ) Nicholas V ( May ...
Contents
THE APOSTOLIC | 11 |
St Peter3267 | 32 |
St Hippolytus d c 236 AntiPope | 44 |
St Marcellinus June 30 296October 25 304 | 57 |
St Linus 6776 | 67 |
St Marcus I January 18October 7 336 | 70 |
St Cletus 7688 | 76 |
St Hilarius November 19 461February 28 468 | 84 |
St Callixtus Callistus I 217222 | 217 |
Bl Urban II March 12 1088July 29 1099 | 223 |
February 14 1130September 24 1143 | 236 |
November 25 1185October 19 1187 | 249 |
March 19 1227August 22 1241 | 263 |
11 | 275 |
20 | 287 |
May 22 1328August 25 1330 AntiPope | 294 |
St Clement I 8897 | 88 |
St Anacletus c | 97 |
St Alexander I 105115 | 105 |
St Sixtus Xystus I 115125 | 115 |
THE HEATHEN PERIL | 119 |
St Telesphorus 125136 | 125 |
October 30 701January 11 705 | 129 |
St Hyginus 136140 | 136 |
St Leo III December 27 795June 12 816 | 143 |
St Anicetus 155166 | 155 |
December 14 867December 1 872 | 157 |
Romanus August 897 | 170 |
August 903 | 172 |
St Eleutherius 175189 | 175 |
September 972August 974 | 185 |
July 31 1009May 12 1012 | 198 |
STABILITY AND PERSECUTION | 199 |
April 1058January 1059 AntiPope | 210 |
December 30 1370March 27 1378 | 300 |
October 17 1404November 6 1406 | 306 |
21 | 307 |
November 11 1417February 20 1431 | 313 |
24 | 318 |
March 6 1447March 24 1455 | 319 |
August 19 1458August 14 1464 | 323 |
25 | 327 |
March 11 1513December 1 1521 | 337 |
St Pius V January 7 1566May 1 1572 | 350 |
27 | 353 |
September 15 1644January 7 1655 | 364 |
May 8 1721March 7 1724 | 378 |
33 | 447 |
1999 | 475 |
479 | |
488 | |
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Common terms and phrases
Adrian Alexander anti-pope Apostolic appointed archbishop archdiocese Arian Avignon became Benedict bishops Boniface born buried Byzantine Callixtus canon cardinals Castel Sant'Angelo Catholic Celestine Charlemagne Charles Christ Christian Church Clement clergy clerics conclave condemned consecrated Constantine Constantinople coronation Council crowned Crusade death declared deposed Despite died diocese elected pope emperor empire England excommunicated faith father feast Formosus France Frederick French Gerbert Germany Gregory Henry heresy Holy Honorius imperial Innocent Italian Italy John Justinian king king of Germany later Lateran Latin legate liturgy Lombards Lothair Louis Marozia monastery monk Monophysites Muslims Nicholas noble Orthodox Otto Otto III papacy papal papal elections Paschal patriarch patriarch of Constantinople Paul peace Peter Philip Photius Pius pontificate pope pope's prelates priest princes Ravenna reform refused Rheims Roman Rome Sacrament Saint schism sent Sergius Sicily Spain Stephen successor Sylvester Synaxarion synod throne tion took the name Urban Vatican VIII