such factories, mills, workshops, offices, bakeries, laundries, stores, hotels, or other buildings, connecting with each floor above the first, well fastened and secured and of sufficient strength. Each of such fire escapes shall have landings or balconies not less than six feet in length and three in width, guarded by iron railings not less than three feet in height and embracing at least two windows at each story, and connecting with the interior by easily accessible and unobstructed openings; and the balconies or landings shall be connected by iron stairs not less than 24 inches wide, and the steps to be not less than eight inches tread, placed at not more than an angle of forty-five degrees slant, and protected by well secured handrails on both sides, with a twelve-inch wide drop ladder from the lower platform reaching to the ground. Any fire escape so constructed shall be sufficient. Any other plan for style of fire escapes shall be sufficient if approved by the chief factory inspector, but if not so approved the said chief factory inspector or one of the deputy fatcory [factory] inspectors may notify the owner, proprietor or lessee of such factory, mill, workshop, office, bakery, laundry, store, hotel, or other building in which factory or workshop is conducted, or the agent or the superintendent, or either of them, in writing, that any such style of fire escape is not sufficient and he may issue an order in writing requiring one or more fire escapes as he shall deem necessary and sufficient to be provided for such factory, mill, workshop, office, bakery, laundry, store, hotel or other buildings in which people are employed at manual or other labor at such location and of such plan and style as shall be specified in such written order. Within thirty days after the service of such order the number of fire escapes required in such order for such factory, mill, workshop, office, bakery, laundry, store, hotel, or other building, shall be provided therefor, each of which will be either of the plan and style and in accordance with the specifications in said order required or the plan and style in this section above described and declared sufficient. The windows and doors of each fire escape shall be located as far as possible consistent with accessibility from the stairways and elevators, hatchways or openings, and the ladder thereof shall extend to the roof. Stationery [stationary] stairs or ladders shall be provided on the inside of each such factory, mill, workshop, office, bakery, laundry, store, hotel or other buildings where people are employed at manual or other labor from the upper story to the roof as a means of escape in case of fire. SEC. 10. Every factory, workshop, office, bakery, laundry, store, hotel, or other building in which four or more persons are employed shall be provided within reasonable access with a sufficient number of water-closets, earth closets or privies, for the reasonable use of the persons therein; and whenever male or female persons are employed as aforesaid together, water-closets, earth closets or privies separate and apart shall be provided for the use of each sex and plainly so designated, and no person shall be allowed to use such closets or privy assigned to the other sex. Such closets shall be properly screened and ventilated and at all times kept in a clean and good sanitary condition. Ladders to roof. Water-closets. In factories, laundries, mills, and workshops and in all other Dressing rooms. places where the labor performed by the operator is of such character that it becomes desirable or necessary to change the clothing wholly or in. part before leaving the building at the close of the day's toll, separate dressing rooms shall be provided for women and girls whenever so required by the factory inspector. It shall be the duty of every occupant, whether owner or lessee of any premises so used as to come within the provisions of this act to carry out the same and to make all the changes and additions necessary therefor. In case such changes are made upon the order of the chief factory inspector or of a factory inspector by the lessee of the premises he may at any Damagos. Evidence. Definitions. Powers of fac tory inspector. Construction rooms. time within thirty (30) days after the completion thereof bring an action before any justice of the peace, county or district court. having competent jurisdiction against any person having an interest in such premises and may recover such portion of the expense of making such changes and in addition as the court adjudges should justly and equitably be borne by such defendant. SEC. 11. In all actions brought to recover damages for personal injuries or death caused by reason of the violation of any of the provisions of this act, it shall be sufficient for the plaintiff to prove in the first instance, in order to establish the liability of the defendant, that the death or injury complained of resulted in consequence of the failure of the person owning or operating the manufacturing establishment where such death, or injury occurred to provide said establishment with safeguards as required by this act, or that the failure to provide such safeguards directly contributed to such death or injury. Manufacturing establishments, as those words are used in this act, shall mean and include all smelters, oil refineries, cement works, mills of every kind, machine and repair shops, and in addition to the foregoing, any other kind or character of manufacturing establishment, of any nature or description whatsoever, wherein any natural product or other articles or materials of any kind, in a raw or unfinished or incomplete state or condition, are converted into a new or improved or different form. Wherever the expression occurs in this act in substantially the followings words: "Every person owning or operating any manufacturing establishment," or where language similar to that is used, the word "person" in that connection shall be held and construed to mean any person or persons, partnership, corporation, receiver, trust, trustee, or any other person or combination of persons, either natural or artificial, by whatever name he or they may be called. SEC. 12. The chief factory inspector or any employee of the department of factory inspection shall have power to enter any factory, mill, workshop, office, bakery, laundry, store, hotel, or any public or private works where labor is employed or machinery used. Any person, persons, firm, copartnership, corporation, trust, trustee, their agent, or agents, who shall refuse to allow an inspector or employee of the said department to enter or who shall violate any of the provisions of this act, shall be deemed guilty of a misdemeanor, and upon conviction thereof before any court of competent jurisdiction shall be punished by a fine of not less than fifty ($50) dollars nor more than one hundred ($100) dollars or be imprisoned in the county jail not to exceed ninety (90) days for each and every offense. CONNECTICUT. GENERAL STATUTES-1902, Inspection of bakeries.' SECTION 2569 (as amended by chapter 147, Acts of 1909). Every and sanitation of building or room occupied as a bakery shall be drained and plumbed in a manner conducive to its healthful and sanitary condition, and constructed with air shafts and windows or ventilating pipes sufficient to insure ventilation, as the factory inspector shall direct. Every bakery shall be provided with a wash room and water-closet apart from the bake room and rooms where the manufacturing of food products is conducted; no water-closet, earth closet, privy, or ash pit shall be within or communicate directly with a bakery. Rooms used for the manufacture of flour and meal food shall be at least eight feet in height; the side walls of such rooms shall be plastered or wainscoted, the ceiling plastered or 1 See also chapter 120, Acts of 1909, page 876. Certificates of ceiled with lumber or metal, and, if required by the factory inspector, shall be whitewashed at least once in three months; the furniture, utensils, and floor of such rooms shall be kept in healthful sanitary condition. The manufactured flour or meal food products shall be kept in dry, clean, and airy rooms. The sleeping Sleeping rooms. rooms for persons employed in a bakery shall be separate from the rooms where food products are manufactured or stored. No person, firm, or corporation shall operate a bakery without having obtained from the factory inspector a certificate of inspection describing the building used as a bakery and stating that the same inspection. complies with the laws of this State relating to bakeries, which certificate shall be kept posted by the owner or operator of such bakery in a conspicuous place in the shop described in such certificate or in the salesroom connected therewith. Such certificate may be revoked by said inspector, for cause, and when revoked said inspector shall cite the person operating such bakery, or, in the case of a corporation, the manager, to appear before him within ten days thereafter to show cause why such certificate should not remain revoked. No person, firm, or corporation shall open a new bakery without having given at least ten days' notice to the factory inspector of his intention to open such bakery, which notice shall contain a description of the building proposed to be used as such bakery and shall give its location. Upon receipt of such notice said inspector shall examine the premises, and if found to comply with the provisions of the statutes relating to bakeries he shall issue such certificate of inspection. New bakeries. SEC. 2570. No employer shall permit any person to work in his Contagious disbakeshop who is affected with pulmonary tuberculosis, scrofulous, eases. or venereal disease, or with a communicable skin affection, and every employer shall maintain himself and his employees in a clean and sanitary condition while engaged in the manufacture, handling, or sale of such food products. SEC. 2571. The owner, agent, or lessee of any property used as a bakery shall, within thirty days after the service of notice upon him of an order issued by the factory inspector, comply therewith, or cease to use or allow the use of such premises as a bake shop; such notice shall be in writing and may be served upon such owner, agent, or lessee, either personally or by mail, and a notice by registered letter, mailed to the last known address of such owner, agent, or lessee, shall be sufficient service. SEC. 2572. Every person who violates any provision of sections 2569, 2570 or 2571, or who fails to comply with an order of the factory inspector, shall be fined not more than fifty dollars for tht first offense, not more than one hundred dollars or imprisoned not more than ten days for the second offense, and not more than two hundred dollars and imprisoned not more than thirty days for each subsequent offense. Fire escapes on factories, etc.1 ** * SECTION 2628 (as amended by chapter 239, Acts of 1911). Every story above the first story of a building used as a workshop, manufactory, or store in which more than ten persons are employed above the first story, shall be provided with more than one way of egress, by stairways on the inside or fire escapes on the outside of such buildings. Said stairways and fire escapes shall be so constructed, in such number, of such size, and in such locations as to give, in the opinion of the officer charged with the enforcement of this act, safe, adequate, and convenient means of exit, in view of the number of persons who may need to use such stairway or fire escape, shall, at all times be kept free from obstruction and shall be accessible from each room in every story above the first story. SEC. 2629 (as amended by chapter 239, Acts of 1911). If any building specified in section 2628, or any workshop, manufactory, hotel, boarding house, tenement house, or other building used, in whole or in part, for any of the purposes therein 1 See also chapter 239, Acts of 1911, page 876. Notice to be complied with. Violations. Exits required. Fire escapes. Duty of inspector. Lightning, etc. Safety ances. specified, or in which more than six persons shall be employed above the third story, shall be more than three stories in height, it shall be provided with at least one fire escape, of iron or other incombustible material, on the outside of said building; and if such building shall be more than one hundred and fifty feet in length it shall be provided with one such fire escape for every one hundred and fifty feet, or fractional part thereof exceeding fifty feet, and such fire escape shall be conveniently accessible from each story of said building; and if such building be a tenement house the fire escapes shall be directly accessible from each apartment, without passing through any public hall. Regulation and inspection of factories, etc. SECTION. 4515. The inspector shall, as often as practicable, examine all buildings and places where machinery is used, and may enter such buildings and places at all proper times for the purposes of inspection. He shall, on or before the first of December in each year, make a report to the governor of the condition, as respects safety to life and health, of the factories, buildings, and places visited by him. SEC. 4516. All factories and buildings where machinery is used shall be well lighted, ventilated, and kept as clean as the nature appli- of the business will permit. The belting, shafting, gearing, inachinery, and drums, of all factories and buildings where machin. ery is used, when so placed as, in the opinion of the inspector, to be dangerous to the persons employed therein while engaged in their ordinary duties, shall, as far as practicable, be securely guarded. No machinery other than steam engines in a factory shall be cleaned while running after notice forbidding the same is given by the inspector to the owners or operators of the factory. SEC. 4518. Every person, firm, or corporation using stained, painted, or corrugated glass in factory windows, where the same is injurious to the eyes of the workmen therein, shall remove the same upon the order of the factory inspector. Colored windows. Water-closets. Enforcement. Buffing, grinding, etc. Violations SEC. 4519. Every person or corporation managing or operating any factory, or owning or controlling the use of any other building where more than five persons are employed, shall provide and keep in good sanitary condition suitable water-closet accommodations for the use of the persons employed. SEC. 4520. The inspector shall enforce the provisions of this chapter by giving proper orders or notices to the persons or corporations owning, operating, or managing the factories or buildings inspected by him, and shall make complaint to the State's attorneys of all violations of this chapter. SEC. 4521. Whenever the inspector, on complaint of any person, shall find it necessary, for the preservation of the health of the employees in any manufacturing establishment, factory, or mill in which is carried on the business of buffing, polishing, or grinding metals, or any operations in which an excessive amount of dust is generated, that such dust should be removed from the atmosphere of the rooms or apartments used for that purpose, he shall, in writing, direct the person, or corporation owning, occupying, or carrying on business in such premises, within three months from the date of said order, to introduce and operate such appliances or devices as may be necessary to remove, so far as the nature of the business will permit, such excessive dust or foreign matter: Provided, That such appliances or devices do not restrict or interfere with the aforesaid business or operations. SEC. 4522 (as amended by chapter 53, Acts of 1903). Every owner, lessee, or occupant of a factory, or building included within the provisions of this chapter, or owning or controlling the use of any room in such building, shall for the violation of any provision of sections 4516, 4517, 4518, 4519, or 4521, or for obstructing or hindering the inspector of factories or his deputies in carrying out the duties imposed on them by law, be fined not more than Notices fifty dollars; but no prosecution shall be brought for any such SEC. 4527. The inspector shall, as often as practicable, examine Sweat shops. all buildings, apartments, rooms, and places in any tenement or dwelling house used for residential purposes and used in whole or in part by others than the immediate members of the family therein, for the manufacture of artificial flowers, purses, cigars, cigarettes, or any articles of wearing apparel intended for sale. SEC. 4528. The persons engaged in the manufacture of such goods Notice of use. in such premises, within thirty days after beginning such manufacture, shall notify said inspector of the location of said workrooms, the nature of the work there carried on, and the number of persons therein employed. SEC. 4529. The person operating said workrooms shall keep the Sanitation, same at all times in a clean and sanitary condition, properly etc. lighted, ventilated, and fit for the occupancy of the persons engaged in work therein. The inspector or any of his special agents shall notify the owner of such premises, and the person using the same for the purposes set forth in section 4527 to provide ample means for lighting or ventilating such workrooms, and to put the same in a clean, sanitary, and fit condition for occupancy for said work; and if said notification be not complied with in thirty days after the service of such notice, said inspector or any of his special agents shall cause complaint to be made to the proper prosecuting authority. SEC. 4530. Every person, firm, or corporation owning, using, or occupying any workroom for the purposes specified in section 4527 shall, for the violation of any provision of sections 4528 or 4529, be fined not more than five hundred dollars. [See also section 4703, Appendix A, page 677.] Violations |