Wages paid per week of sixty-three hours in Rotterdam-Continued.

Wages paid per week of sixty-eight hours in factories or mills in Rotterdam.

III. FOUNDRIES, MACHINE-SHOPS, AND IRON WORKS.

Wages paid per week of sixty-three hours in foundries, machine-shops, and iron works in

Rotterdam.

3.00

6 40

4.80

2.60

4. 40

3 89

3 60

4.80

4 10

3.00

3.80

3.30

4.00

4.40

3.80

4.00

5.00

4.80

3. 00

Blowers

IV. GLASS WORKERS.

Wages paid per week of sixty-six hours to glass workers in Rotterdam.

Assistants.

Boys

Laborers

Wages paid to railway employés (those engaged about stations as well as those engaged on the engines and cars, linemen, railroad laborers, &c.) in Rotterdam.

Wages paid per week of sixty-three hours in ship-yards, distinguishing between iron and wood ship-building, in Rotterdam.

VIII. SEAMEN'S WAGES.

Wages paid per month to seamen (officers and men), distinguishing between ocean, coast, and river navigation, and between sail and steam, in Rotterdam.

Annual wages paid in different stores, wholesale or retail, to males and females, in Rot

Wages paid per month or year to household servants (towns and cities) in Rotterdam.

XI. AGRICULTURAL WAGES.

Wages paid to agricultural laborers and household (country) servants in South Holland. [All including board and lodgings.]

Wages paid per week of seventy-seven hours to the corporation employés in Rotterdam.

Statement showing the wages paid per week of sixty hours to printers (compositors, pressmen,

proof-readers, &c.) in Rotterdam.

DENMARK.

REPORT BY CONSUL RIDer, of copeNHAGEN.

I have the honor to acknowledge receipt of the labor circular from the Department under date of 15th February last past, and now beg to transmit a report with categorical replies to the several interrogatories contained therein. Let me premise by stating that Denmark has no mining population whatsoever; that her factories are very limited, both in numbers and size, and that, whilst one-half of the population live exclusively by agriculture, the industries and various branches of general trade and commerce afford occupation to less than one-fourth.

PART I-MALE LABOR.

RATES OF WAGES.

In reply to this question it has to be observed that the annexed statistical table, No. 1, showing the weekly earnings of the laboring classesin the general trades and fabrics, which have been collected from reliable sources, have all been made on the calculation of six days' actual work, and that the computation of the average is in all cases meant to represent wages paid to the great majority; in other words, the general run of wages, and not on the arithmetical medium of the maximum and minimum rates.

The wages paid the agricultural class of laborers, being of various nature, is not wholly included in these tables. There is, for instance, the constant laborer, living on the farm, who is supplied with board and lodging together with monthly wages. Then there is the day laborer, who receives his daily meals, with small daily wages, providing his own house room; and then, again, laborers with small daily wages, who are furnished with a cottage and small strip of land sufficient for the keep of a cow or two and some pigs. Taking this class altogether, their annual earnings may be estimated at about $120 per annum, which can, however, receive some addition through the earnings of wife and children.

In summarizing the earnings of the laboring classes in the towns, it may be said that the ordinary laboring man and operative under the implied condition of constant work may be credited with the annual earnings of $188 to $14 per year, whilst those of the lower grades of artisans and handicraftsmen may reach to $240 to $268. A correct estimate of the higher skilled mechanics is not so easily to be arrived at, but as these obtain the very maximum rates of wages, and in many cases are employed by piecework, it can be said with all safety that their annual earnings are very considerably more than the foregoing.

HOURS OF LABOR.

The day of labor in the fabrics and work shops as a general rule is of twelve hours duration, including a pause of two hours for meals, whilst in the general trades there is some variation, bakers, for instance, working from fourteen to sixteen hours; masons and carpenters, from seven and one-half to ten actual working hours, according to the season of the year; dyers, tanners, and butchers, eleven hours.