that that manor 16 probably passed to the Cha worths at the same time."

Is there any authority for Rudder's statement, or did he not, from the fact of the manors in question being found afterwards in the possession of Chaworth, conjecture that they were conveyed by Hesdene? Does it not seem that Chaworth became possessed of this property in right of his wife Maud, who might have been a sister or daughter of Hesdene?

I may add, that I have reasons for doubting the accuracy of a pedigree of Hesdene inserted in Burke's Visitation of Seats and Arms. H. S. G. OLIVER DE DURDEN, ETC.-In vol. ii. p. 63, of a publication of the year 1742, entitled Antiquities of the Abbey Church, Westminster, and under the head of "Monuments to remarkable Persons Buried in that Church," it mentions that next to the monument of King Henry III. is one of " Oliver de Durden, a Baron of England, and brother of King Henry III."

Query.-1. What was the name of his mother, and was he a half-brother of King Henry III. ? I cannot obtain the information from Rapin or the other historians of that period.

where can it be seen?

2. Is there any book or record in which the names of Henry III.'s barons are given; and if so, ANTIQUARY. GRUMBOLD HOLD. One of the three manors in the parish of Hackney has this name. It formerly belonged to the vicars of the old church, and the tradition is they were so severe in exacting their fines, and there was such dissatisfaction and grumbling among the tenants in consequence, that it acquired the nickname of Grumble Hold. Surely, if this were the case, no lord or steward of a manor would have chosen to place such a name at the very head of each Court Roll. May it not rather be St. Grumbold's or St. Rumbold's Manor? The name is a corruption of Rumualdus. Hasted (Hist. of Kent, iii. p. 380) says that the fishermen of Folkestone used to make a feast of whitings every Christmas Eve, and call it "Rumbold Night." The old church at Hackney is sometimes called that of St. John, and sometimes of St. Augustine. Any further information would oblige.

Poets' Corner.

A. A.

W. D. HYLA HOLDEN of Wednesbury, gent., born 1719, died 1790; married in 1745 Elizabeth, daughter of John Walford of Wednesbury, gent. (Baker, Hist. Northamptonshire, i. 317.)

Particulars of their issue and descendants will oblige. Also any particulars of the Walford family. H. S. G.

KUSTER'S DEATH.-In Monk's Life of Bentley (p. 317), the following communication is made in a letter of Kuster's friend, Wasse:

"We heard soon after that he [Kuster] had been blooded five or six times for a fever, and that upon opening his body there was found a cake of sand along the lower region of his belly. This, I take it, was occasioned by his sitting nearly double, and writing on a very low table, surrounded with three or four circles of books [for his edition of Hesychius probably] placed on the ground, which was the situation we usually found him in.'

Is any reliance to be placed upon the story of the "cake of sand along the lower region of his belly," or is it merely a case of calculus?

T. J. BUCKTON.

LANTERNS OF THE DEAD: ROUND TOWERS OF IRELAND. In the admirable dictionary of M. Viollet le Duc vol. vi. p. 155) is a very curious account of certain towers which are found in cemeteries in the centre and west of France, and in which formerly lights were burned at night to indicate the proximity to the last resting-places of the dead. He states they are also called fanal, tournièle, and phare. The earliest notice he gives is from an old chronicle of the Crusades, which

states:

"Then died Saladin (Salahedins), the greatest prince that there was in Pagandom, and was buried in the cemetery of St. Nicholas of Acre near his mother, who was there very richly interred; and over them a beautiful and grand tower (une tournièle bièle et grant) where is night and day a lamp full of olive oil, and the hospital of St. John of Acre pays, and causes it to be lighted, who hold great rents which Saladin and his mother left them."

The author says, however, there is a tradition that they were "menhirs," or erections of stone, consecrated to the Sun in Druidical times. He gives illustrations of three of these lanterns of the dead. They have all a small door raised some distance above the ground, and an opening or window at the top, where the lighted lamp was exhibited. One is from Celfrouin (Charente), and is like a pier surrounded by clustered columns about six feet in diameter, and including a sort of conical top or spire about forty feet high. The mouldings, &c., show it to be the work of the thirteenth century. The second exists at Ciron (Indre), has a similar door, and six lancet windows

at the top, and is not more than twenty-five feet high. The third is at Antigny (Vienne), and is square with small jamb-shafts at the angles, and is about thirty-five feet high, and seems also to be of the thirteenth century. They all stand on flights of steps.

Is it possible that the round towers of Ireland were intended to serve as cemetery lights or lanterns of the dead? In France these fanals seem to be confined to the Celtic districts, and it is not impossible that the Celtic races in Ireland may have seen and copied them. They have the same entrances a little above ordinary reach, the same windows at top, and the same conical caps. Could any among the French antiquaries who peruse "N. & Q." favour us with some further information with regard to these curious towers? It is not impossible after all that they may be the means of dispelling the mystery which has hung so long over the far-famed round towers of Ireland.

A. A.

LEIGH FAMILY OF SLAIDBURN, CO. YORK.-I wish to obtain information relative to the ancestry of Richard Leigh, of Birkitt, in Bolland, in the county of York. He was buried at Slaidburn, March 1, 1676. His wife's name was Jane; I do not know her surname. They had issue Leonard, of whom presently; William, who married and left issue; James, also married and left issue; Ellin, married to Nicholas Parkinson, and had issue five sons and one daughter.

Leonard Leigh married (May 9, 1657,) Elizabeth Brigg; and had issue Richard, who was father of Leonard Leigh of Harrop Hall, who left issue a daughter Anne, married to Samuel Harrison of Cranage Hall, in the county of Chester.

The arms borne by this family were: A cross ingrailed; and in the first quarter, a mascle.

To any of your correspondents who will favour me with a reply, I shall be happy to give further information as to the descendants of the firstmentioned Richard Leigh.

GEORGE W. MARSHALL.

LITERATI OF BERLIN. "Nothing could be more second-rate and second-hand than the littérateurs of the court of Berlin. Voltaire was the only able man whom Frederick ever persuaded to join them he ridiculed them and their master as soon as

flattery ceased to be profitable. Maupertuis was a small astronomer; Boyer, a pedant, quoting Greek and Latin, which he could not construe; Clairfons, who translated Dante into unreadable French; and Hersted, whose double version of the Henriade might be taken for a burlesque. Yet Frederick was so proud of these and his other mediocrities, that he published a catalogue of them in three large volumes.". Notes made in North Germany, p. 172, London, 1776.

--

About twenty years

ago there was exhibited, first in Edinburgh, and afterwards in Glasgow, London, and other places, a beautiful model in wood of the city of Edinburgh showing the Castle, the public buildings, and each individual house in the different streets and squares with much accuracy and distinctness. It was, according to my recollection, about twelve feet in length and eight in breadth; was very elaborate, and must have taken long to construct, being in every respect most creditable to the framer. It attracted considerable notice at the time, and a friend told me that, being in the room at Piccadilly where it was shown, the late Duke of Wellington was among the visitors; and he heard his grace say, that his seeing this model would induce him to visit the original, which, however, he never did.

Can any of your readers state whether this piece of work is still in existence, where it is, and

who was the artist?

J. R. B.

MOTTOES WANTED. A company is established to supply Burton-upon-Trent with water from Lichfield and the tributaries of the river above that city: the object is not to supersede the use of the present Burton water in brewing, but to economise it by bringing water from another source for domestic and manufacturing and other purposes, and also for all other brewing purposes except that of making ale. Mottoes, conveying the following ideas in Greek or Latin, especially from classic authors, are requested :

1. To succour, not to supersede. The latter means that the Burton springs being 2. We bring silver to save gold. valuable as gold, we bring silver to economise its T. J. BUCKTON.

use.

Lichfield.

NEWHAVEN IN FRANCE. - Dugdale, in his Baronetage, under "Stourton," says that William, Lord Stourton, died A.D. 1548, being DeputyGeneral of Newhaven, in France, and the Marches

ORDER OF THE COCKLE IN FRANCE. In the Peerage of 1720, which has already been the subject of a query (3rd S. ii. 67, 117), and which the kindness of your correspondent G. enabled me to identify as the third edition of Francis Nichol's British Compendium, the famous Sir James Hamilton, Earl of Arran, and Regent of Scotland during the minority of King James V., is said to have been "Knight of the Cockle in France." This is doubtless "L'Ordre de Chevalerie du Navire, ou de la Coquille de Mer, institué en 1269, par S. Louis," in commemoration of a hazardous naval expedition.

The collar of the Order was composed of escallop shells alternately with double crescents, and their badge was a ship-rigged arg. floating

upon waves of the same. What were the circumstances of the hazardous naval expedition, in commemoration of which it was instituted?

"The Roman historian describes a supposed lunatic mutilated and confined so long in a narrow cell, as so nearly to have lost the human form, that, on his liberation, he was too offensive to be pitied-deformitate misericordiam amisit." A Letter to Sir W. Garrow, A.G., by Charles Barton, M.D., London, 1813, pp. 64.

The Letter is on the bad management of lunatic asylums.

Who is the Roman historian so vaguely quoted, and where can I find the passage? M. M.

SEALS.-Will any collector of seals, &c., kindly furnish me with an impression or cast of a seal or gem representing a man approaching a house, and carrying on his back what appears to be a sheaf of corn? The seal is oval, and about an inch long. If sent to the post office at this place it would be gratefully received, and repaid in M. M. S.

kind.

VICHY.-Where can information as to Vichy and its mineral springs be procured? These aquæ calidæ appear to have been known to the Romans. S. P. Q. R.

WRITS OF SUMMONS. —William De Rythre, Lord of Rythre in the county of York, had sum6th Ed. II. inclusive. In the 26th Ed. I. he had mons to parliament from the 28th Ed. I. to the summons to Carlisle equis et armis, in which writ he is designated as a baron; the earls and barons then summoned being respectively distinguished by their rank. Is it therefore to be inferred that, although in this case, no record of a summons to parliament earlier than that of the 28th Ed. I. is extant, yet that a previous summons had been addressed either to himself or an ancestor ? HIPPEUS.

SITUATION OF ZOAR. -The exact situation of this ancient city is, I am aware, still a matter of discussion amongst biblical critics, but I was not prepared for such exactly opposite statements respecting it as appear in the articles on "Moab and "Zoar" in Dr. Smith's Dictionary of the Bible, both by an author to whom students of the Bible are deeply indebted-Mr. Grove of Sydenham.

Under the article "Zoar," vol. iii. p. 1834, we find the following remarks:

always be, a mystery, but there can be little doubt that "The definite position of Sodom is, and probably will the plain of Jordan was at the north of the Dead Sea; and that the cities of the plain must therefore have been situated there instead of at the southern end of the lake, as it is generally taken for granted they were." And then, after giving what seems to my mind at least very satisfactory reasons for this opinion, Mr. Grove concludes:

"These considerations appear to the writer to render it highly probable that the Zoar of the Pentateuch was to the north of the Dead Sea, not far from its northern end,

in the general parallel of Jericho."

Let us now turn to the article "Moab," vol. ii. p. 391, also written by Mr. Grove, and what do we find

"Zoar was the cradle of the race of Lot. Although the exact position of this town has not been determined, THERE IS NO DOUBT that it was situated on the southeastern border of the Dead Sea."

Can these two statements be reconciled? If not, which, in Mr. Grove's opinion, contains the most probable account of the situation of ancient Zoar? A. E. L.

[Warton has the following note on the first passage: "Milton is here collecting, from his hatred to the Scots, what he thinks Scottish names of an ill sound. Colkitto and Macdonnel are one and the same person; a brave officer on the royal side, an Irishman of the Antrim family, who served under Montrose. The Macdonalds of that family are styled, by way of distinction, Mac Collcittock, i. e. the descendants of the lame Colin. Galasp is a Scottish writer against the Independents. He is George Gillespie, one of the Scotch members of the Assembly of Divines, as his name is subscribed to their Letter to the Belgick, French, and Helvetian churches, dated 1643: in which they pray that these three nations may be joined as one stick in the hands of the Lord: that all mountains may become plains before them and us: that then all who now see the plummet in our hands, may also behold the top-stone set upon the head of the Lord's house among us, and may help us with shouting to cry, Grace, Gruce, to it.' (Rushworth, p. 371.) Such was the rhetorick of these reformers of reformation!"

A. S. noticed in "The New Forcers of Conscience," is Dr. Adam Steuart, a minister of the Scottish Kirk, and a doughty champion he appears to have been in the polemics of that time; witness his effusion entitled, "Zerubbabel to Sanballat and Tobiah," imprim. Mar. 17, 1644, 4to. Consult Watt's Bibliotheca for his other works.]

THE NILE.-I have noticed in The Times and other papers, recently, the question mooted as to whether Captain Speke did really discover the source of the Nile. It has occurred to me that he may have done so in part, by tracing one of its sources. Some of your readers are, no doubt, well acquainted with the moorland districts of this kingdom; and if those regions are visited in the summer season, they will leave with the impression of having discovered the rise of one of the many rivers flowing from that district; but visit that place again the following spring, and that same spring, which they thought was the river

head, will in many cases be traced for a mile or the case with Captain Speke's discovery? more in some other direction. May not this be

I had recently a parcel from a bookseller's shop, wrapped up in an old map. On examination, I found it to be an old map of Africa, having the Nile to the lakes Zaire and Zastan. The map is curious, and apparently about two hundred years old. It was once, I should think, part of a book. On the back is printed a description of Africa, commencing thus: "Africa as it lay nearest the first people." It is engraved by Abraham Goos. I shall be glad to know from what folio work it is taken, and if of any real value? G. P.

[Abraham Goos published various maps at Amsterdam in the early part of the seventeenth century. Dr. O. Dappers's Beschreibung von Africa (Description of Africa), fol. Amsterdam, 1670, has a large map of Africa; but this map does not bear the name of Goos.-The question respecting Captain Speke and the Nile will probably give occasion ere long to sharp discussions, but on a scale far beyond the disposable space in "N. & Q."]

MAJOR RICHARDSON PACK. —I should be glad to know something respecting the author of a small volume, entitled Miscellanies in Prose and Verse, the second edition: London, printed for E. Curll, in Fleet Street, M. DCC.XIX. The volume is dedicated to the Honourable Colonel William

Stanhope, His Majesty's Envoy Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary at the court of Madrid. This dedication is signed "Richardson Pack," who is styled Major Pack in an eulogistic poem by G. Sewell, prefixed to the work. The author appears to have served in Spain, and to have possessed an elegant literary taste; although his poems are disfigured by the licentious freedom in vogue in his day. Among the prose articles in the volume, is a Life of Wycherley, the poet. JOHN PAVIN PHILLIPS.

Haverfordwest.