"Je ne l'ai point lu, me dit-il; mais c'est un pamphlet, cela me suffit. Alors je lui demandai ce que c'était qu'un pamphlet, et le sens de ce mot, qui, sans m'être nouveau, avait besoin pour moi de quelques explications. C'est, répondit-il, un écrit de peu de pages, comme le vôtre, d'une feuille, ou deux seulement. De trois feuilles, repris-je, serait-ce encore un pamphlet? Peut-être, me dit-il, dans l'acception commune; mais proprement parlant, le pamphlet n'a qu'une feuille seule; deux ou plus font une brochure. Et dix feuilles? quinze feuilles? vingt feuilles? Font un volume, dit-il, un ouvrage.". Ibid.

So much for this word, about which I have said so much, that I shall be held to have almost achieved the thing,-if, indeed, my illustrations escape comparison with Gratiano's reasons, which as two grains of wheat hid in two bushels of chaff; you shall seek all day ere you find them, and when you have them they are not worth the search." (Merchant of Venice.)

were

66

Edgbaston.

WILLIAM BATES.

In the Athenæum for November 28, 1863, the origin of this word is ascribed to an entirely new source, of which you may think it worth while to make a note. Pamphlet is there said to be —

"The name of a lady, slightly modified, who first employed herself in writing pamphlets, who composed a history of the then known world, in thirty-five little books, in Greek, and made the public all the wiser by her flying leaves. The lady was none other than the sage Pamphyla, whose works, written in the reign of Nero,

are now lost."

J. DORAN.

SIR JOHN MOORE'S MONUMENT.

Lord Clyde, almost the last of the Peninsular heroes, has recently been laid in his well-earned tomb in Westminster Abbey, and a national monument is about to be raised to his honour.

Sir John Moore, Protesilaus among the chieftains of that great war, rests on the ramparts of Corunna; and this country is indebted to the generosity of a foreigner for the stone that marks his resting place.

But it is strange that, for more than half a century, our gratitude for this noble deed has been directed to one who had no hand or part

in it.

Napier, usually so accurate, is here at fault. He writes (vol. i. p. 500) : —

"The guns of the enemy paid his funeral honours; and Soult, with a noble feeling of respect for his valour, raised a monument to his memory."

Brialmont follows suit to Napier, and says (vol i. p. 226): —

"Marshal Soult caused a monument to be erected over the place where the hero had fallen."

Then, in the Life of Moore, written by his own brother, while no reference whatever is made to

Soult, a long and somewhat turgid epitaph, written by Dr. Parr, is given in full (Appendix, "Inscribed on a marble monument, p. 238), as erected at Corunna."

Maxwell, in his Life of Wellington (i. 466), gives us two inscriptions: the one in Spanish, which he says was written" on a small column, erected to the memory of the British General;" the other in Latin, which he tells us "Marshal Soult ordered to be engraved upon a rock, near the spot where Sir John Moore fell."

And now, if we turn to the Life of Sir Howard Douglas, recently published, it appears (p. 98) that not one of these conflicting statements are true. The monument was not erected by Soult, but by the Marquis de Romana. The Spanish inscription, which was really written by the Marquis himself, is quite different from that given in Maxwell's account; while the Latin epitaph, written certainly by Dr. Parr, at the instance of the Prince Regent, never was inscribed upon the monument at all. Sir H. Douglas, with great good judgment, prevented the obliteration of what Romana had originally written.

From the official connection of Sir H. Douglas with this matter, there can be no reasonable doubt as to the correctness of his account. The course of error in this case is easily to be traced. Napier's partiality for Soult made him too facile in accepting for truth what would have told so much to his credit. Brialmont took upon trust what Napier had vouched for. It is far from improbable that a copy of the epitaph, which was actually written by Dr. Parr, might have been sent to the family of Sir J. Moore; and so his brother would naturally conclude that its intended transfer to the monument at Corunna was carried into effect. Maxwell's book is an amusing collection of sketchy narratives, but it is not history.

And so it has come to pass that a fact, notorious in 1810, has been hidden in a mist till 1863.

PASTICCIÓ OPERAS.

EFFIGY.

251, 320) I had occasion to allude to the fact, Several years ago (see "N. & Q." 2nd S. iv. that Mr. Shield's Pasticcio opera of The Farmer, said on the title-page to be selected and composed by Wm. Shield, had no sign put to the individual pieces of music, by which to distinguish the selected from the original compositions, a defect, byOperas. I then gave the authority which seemed the-way, not unfrequent in the old Pasticcio to show that "Ere around the huge oak," usually attributed to Mr. Shield, was really the work of Michael Arne. I have since chanced, amongst the single-sheet songs in the British Museum Library, to come upon one entitled “Great Lord

Frog (written by D'Urfey), of which it is said that the melody is from a favourite cotilion, while a pencil note calls attention to the fact that this melody had been used by Mr. Shield in The Farmer. I accordingly found that it was the music of one of Mr. Edwin's songs (in the character of Jemmy Jumps), beginning "Look, dear Ma'am."

The opera of Mahmoud, by Stephen Storace, was published by his widow without a reservation as to any of the pieces being by other composers. Looking over Salieri's opera, La Grotta di Trofonio, I found that a spirited base song in it, "Da un Fonte istesso,” had been transferred with some abbreviations to Mahmoud, where it appears as the base song, "Revenge, revenge, her fires displays," sung by Mr. Sedgwick.

There is a song in the Pasticcio opera of The Maid of the Mill (in the part of Giles), beginning "I'll be bound to fly the nation," which song, some five or six-and-thirty-years ago, I heard Mr. Bedford sing so effectively as to gain an unanimous encore. Both in the table of the songs prefixed to the opera, and on the song itself, the composition is attributed to Rinaldo di Capua. Now, in Dr. Burney's account of Il Filosofo di Campagna, an opera by Galuppi (see vol. iv. of the Dr.'s History), he informs us that

-

"The base song, 'Ho per lui in mezzo al core,' was always heard with pleasure, though sung by Paganini, almost without a voice."

This song will be found to be the original of the one in The Maid of the Mill; the only change is, that of English words instead of Italian, the whole of the music being retained. In addition to the fact that Dr. Burney thus assumed the song in question to be Galuppi's composition, I have met with a book of the printed music, in which it is attributed to him. It may, however, be observed that in a MS. score of Il Filosofo di Campagna in the British Museum, and which contains several base songs, this particular one is not to be found. This circumstance may perhaps (notwithstanding Dr. Burney and the printed book), force us to allow that Dr. Arnold might, after all, have had his reasons for the attribution to Rinaldo di Capua.

Having made these notes, I wish to conclude with a query respecting a certain song in the Pasticcio opera of Orpheus and Eurydice, said on the title-page to be composed by Gluck, Handel, Bach, Sacchini, and Weichsel, with additional new music by William Reeve. No separate piece has its composer's name affixed to it, except one song by Weichsel. I would ask, who was the composer of the base song, "Let hideous moans," sung by Mr. Darley in the character of Pluto ?

On the title-page of the opera of Mahmoud is a portrait of Stephen Storace, without an engraver's In the autobiography (privately printed,

name.

"When the great bell of St. Sepulchre tolls out a solemn warning before the public execution of criminals, few who hear it are moved to pray for those poor sinners going to execution; but yet that was the intention of good Mr. Robert Dowe, who, on the 8th of May, 1605, by deed of gift, gave 50%, on condition that the parish of about ten o'clock on the night previous to the execution, St. Sepulchre should appoint some one to go to Newgate, 'there to stand as near the window as he can, where the condemned prisoners do lye in the dungeon, with a handbell, given to the parishioners by the said Mr. Dowe, and shall give there twelve solemn towles, with double strokes ; and then, after a good pause, to deliver with a loud and to the end the poor condemned persons may give good audible voice, with his face towards the prison window, ear, and be the better stirred up to watchfulness and prayer.' Then follows a long exhortation to repentance, at the end of which he was to toll the bell again.

"This was at a time when executions were held at Tyburn, and there are further instructions for the morning, when the cart shall stay a small while against the church wall, to hear a short exhortation pronounced by one standing bare-headed,' with the hand-bell, as before. The great bell, which is, properly speaking, the passing-bell, was also tolled. I have merely quoted that part of the deed which relates to a custom long since grown into

disuse.-I am, &c.

W. H. W."

T. B.

"At the funeral of a suicide at Scone, N. B., some forty women endeavoured, by persuasion and threats, to cause being carried through the gate. The reason for this is the body to be lifted over the graveyard wall instead of supposed to be, that in the event of the body being allowed to pass through the gate, the first bride kirked thereafter will commit suicide within a very short period after her marriage; and that the first child carried to church to be christened, will commit suicide before it reaches the age of eight years."—The Guardian, Jan. 20, 1864.

K. P. D. E. A GENUINE CENTENARIAN.-Reading "N. & Q.," I find remarks made on 66 Longevity;" and as I am personally acquainted with the following most interesting old man, I venture to send you a few

particulars of his case; and should it in any way interest you, and you like to insert it in your magazine, I hope you will do so. I shall be also very happy to present you with his photographic likeness on glass. His name is Richard Purser; born, in 1756, on July 14,-so he will be 108 next July. He is residing at Cheltenham, and has 6s. 6d. a-week allowed him: 4s. 6d. from the parish, and 2s. a-week from the 57. sent annually by the Queen to the clergyman of the place; he having satisfied her Majesty as to the correctness of the statement, and discovered the register. He is a very good old man, attending his church regularly every Sunday, and sacrament once a month; and was a regular attendant on the weekly lectures up to the last two years, when he was obliged to discontinue some of his habits. He is hale and hearty, and has all his faculties about him; and is, in every way, a most interesting person. I visit Cheltenham every spring, and see him almost daily for two months, and have a chat with him. Last spring his legs were bent, and his knees touched, with his two feet bowed outwards; but he managed to get about for his daily strolls with two strong crutches. He has the most charming countenance, and always looks on the bright side of everything.

WM. EDWARD BELL.

COLBORNE: LORDS SEATON AND COLBORNE. Although two families bearing the name of Colborne have been during the present century ennobled, the Peerages afford little or no information respecting the ancestry of either of them.

Lord Seaton, indeed, was, I believe, the founder of his line, and, in a genealogical point of view, a novus homo. But Lord Colborne (if the arms borne by him are a trustworthy indication of descent) would seem to have belonged to the Colbornes of Wiltshire, an ancient family duly recorded in the Visitations of the county, and entitled to

wear coat-armour.

I should be glad to have some definite information on this point, as well as corrections and additions to the subjoined particulars of the family, which are all I have hitherto been able to collect:

A Mr. Colborne of Chippenham was, I have understood, the father of three sons; viz.

William of Norfolk, who died without issue. Benjamin of Bath, whose daughter and heir married Sir M. W. Ridley, and was mother of Nicholas Ridley Colborne, who was raised to the peerage in 1839 as Baron Colborne, of West Harling, and died leaving no male issue.

Joseph, of Hardenhuish House, Wilts, whose daughter married John Hawkins, second son of Sir Cæsar Hawkins, Bart. There was also a daughter Emma, who married the Rev. Samuel

Towers.

Mr. William Colborne was, I believe, a gentleman of large fortune, but whether derived from hereditary sources, or acquired in profession or commerce, I know not; and I am equally ignorant of the reason for the elevation to the peerage of his great-nephew, Nicholas Ridley. I have some reason to think that a connection existed between the Colbornes and the Branthwayts of Norfolk; but here again my information is extremely vague, and I can cite no reliable * authority. WILTS. EELS: "QUEASY."- An article on "Eels" in

the Quarterly Review for January last, contains

an extract from Juliana Berners, wherein the reviewer interpolates a query thus: "The ele is a The lady's " quaysy quaysy (quasi?) fysshe. is evidently the old Shaksperian word "queasy," used in Much Ado, Act II. S. 1 : –

that, in despite of his quick wit and his queasy stomach, "I, with your two helps, will so practise on Benedick,

he shall fall in love with Beatrice."

In Antony and Cleopatra, Act III. Sc. 6:-
"Who, queasy with his insolence already,
Will their good thoughts call from him."
And in Lear, Act II. Sc. 1:

"And I have one thing, of a queasy question,
Which I must act."

Many years ago I frequently heard the word applied in Yorkshire to a greasy-stomached man, who was called "a queasy fellow." The words ticklish and qualmish seem to come near it in meaning.

The reviewer notices the strong aversion with which the Scotch regard eels. In corroboration, I may observe, that when travelling along the Caledonian Canal, I once fell into conversation with a half-starved, bare-legged Highlandman, who complained of the dearness of provisions. I remarked that food must surely be scarce when the people of the district were driven to eat "hillkilled" and "braxy" mutton; adding that there must be abundance of eels in the canal. "bag"-less friend assured me that the mutton was not so bad as it seemed to a Southron; but as to eating eels, "Na, na," said he "snaaks!"

Queries.

My

G. H. of S.

A. J.

BOOTH OF GILDRESOME. Jones, in his Views of Gentlemen's Seats, has the following under the heading of "Glendon Hall":

"John Booth, Esq., of Glatton Hall, in Huntingdonshire, purchased Glendon Hall, 1758. The immediate ancestor of this branch of the family of Booth, and father of the first purchaser of Glendon Hall, was settled at Gildresome, near Leeds, Yorkshire; and was descended from a younger branch of the Booths, of Dunham Massey, who were of great repute in Lancashire and Cheshire, long before it arrived to the rank of peerage, as Earls of Warrington and Lords Delamere."

Could any correspondent of "N. & Q." give any information if there are any descendants of that family of Booth left at Gildresome, or in that part of Yorkshire? H. N. S.

BRONZE STATUES AT GRANTHAM. On the west front of Grantham church are twelve niches; it is said that these, before the Reformation, contained bronze statues of the Apostles, and that at the change of religion they were removed and buried under the floor of the crypt. Is there any truth in the legend, or is it but the vain imagination of some ancient sexton?

In the crypt of the same church is a stone altar with raised foot path, apparently in its original condition. The slab, however, has no consecration crosses on it. Have they been worn away? The stone is white and by no means hard. Or is this an altar erected in the reign of Mary I., which had not been dedicated at the time of her death? GRIME.

COMIC SONGS TRANSLATED. Seeing in "N. & Q." of Jan. 23, an excellent translation

into Latin by Dr. Glasse of the well-known comic song of "Miss Bailey," I was reminded of some translations into Latin of other comic songs, amongst which there was one of "Billy Taylor." This, if I mistake not, was by the late Rev. C. Bigge, with two additional verses by Lord Vernon. They were translated by the Rev. C. Harcourt or by Lord Ravensworth (perhaps by both), and were printed, I believe, at Oxford.

Can any of your correspondents inform me if the same were ever published, or where to find other translations of comic pieces? TIS. "DICTIONARY OF COINS."-On Erick XIV. of Sweden killing the husband of —

"Martha Lejonhufved [she] received a thousand marks of pure silver as blood-money for the massacre of her husband and her two sons-disgusting woman! So I thought and wrote, till by chance one day, struck by the beauty of a diamond-shaped coin bearing a crowned wasa, and the fraternal cipher J. C. twined gracefully together, I looked in the Dictionary of Coins, and there found how the Lady Martha, object of my wrath, had given these aid the rebel cause. thousand marks, price of her lord's and sons' blood, to From this silver was struck, in 1568, a coin still called Blod-klipping."

So says Horace Marryat in his work One Year in Sweden, including a Visit to the Isle of Götland, London: Murray, 1862, 2 vols. 8vo, plates, pp. 160-161.

What is the Dictionary of Coins? Where published, and by whom, size, and price?

WILLIAM DUDGEON (a gentleman in Berwickshire.)-In the Memoirs of the Life and Writings of the Rev. John Jackson, Master of Wigston's Hospital in Leicester (Lond. 8vo, 1764), I find mention, pp. 139, 140, of the following work:

"Several Letters to the Reverend Mr. Jackson from William Dudgeon, a Gentleman in Berwickshire, with Mr. Jackson's Answers to them, concerning the Immensity and Unity of God, the Existence of Matter and Spiritual Substance, God's Moral Government of the World; the Nature of Necessity and Fate, and of Liberty of Action; and the Foundation, Distinction, and Consequences of Virtue and Vice, Good and Evil. Written in the Years 1735 and 1736, and occasioned by two Books writen by Mr. Jackson, one entituled, The Existence and Unity of God proved from his Nature and Attributes, the the other being The Defence of it. Lond. 8vo, 1737."

This book is also briefly noticed by Watt.

Red Cross Street, another work which has escaped It appears that there is in Dr. Williams's library, and Watt. It is thus described in the published the attention of both Mr. Jackson's biographer catalogue:

"Some Additional Letters to the Rev. Mr. Jackson from William Dudgeon, with Mr. Jackson's Answers to them. Lond. 8vo, 1737."

I shall be glad to know more of William DudS. Y. R.

geon.

[* William Dudgeon was inquired after in The Monthly responded with Bishop Hoadly.—ED.] Magazine of Sept. 1801 (xii. 95.) It appears that he cor

"AN EASTERN KING'S DEVICE."- Who is alluded to in the following? It is an erased passage in the MS. of Addison's Essay on the Imagination:

"I believe most readers are pleased with the Eastern King's device, yt made his Garden ye Map of his Empire; where y great Roads were represented by ye spacious walks and allies, ye woods and forests by little thickets and tufts of Bushes. A crooked rill discovered ye windings of a mighty River, and a Summer-house or Turret ye situation of a huge City or Metropolis." J. D. CAMPBELL.

FLETCHER'S ARITHMETIC.-Is any one of the correspondents to "N. & Q." in possession of a copy of the following work? If so, he will confer an obligation by permitting me to inspect it: "The Tradesman's Arithmetic, in which is shown the rules of common Arithmetic, so plain and easy, that a boy of any tolerable capacity may learn them in a week's time, without the help of a Master. Halifax, printed by P. Darby, 1761."

The above does not appear in PROFESSOR DE MORGAN'S "Chronological List." The author was "Nathaniel Fletcher, a schoolmaster in Ovenden, who also wrote a pamphlet entitled, A Methodist Dissected; or, a Description of their Errors. T. T. WILKINSON.

Burnley, Lancashire.

JOHN GOODYER, of Mapledurham, in Oxfordshire, is mentioned as having an extensive and critical knowledge of botany. He appears to have been living in 1626. Additional particulars respecting him are much desired. S. Y. R.

HEMING OF WORCESTER. Edward Villiers, second son of Robert Wright, alias Danvers, and younger brother of Robert Villiers, third Viscount Purbeck, and Earl of Buckingham, married July 14, 1685, Joan, daughter of William Heming, a brewer of Worcester. This Mr. Heming is stated to have been related to Dr. Thomas, Bishop of Worcester. I should be glad to know the precise degree of relationship, and also to obtain some further information respecting the Hemings. Edward Villiers was born at Knighton, co. Radnor, March 28, 1661, and died at Canterbury, 1691.

C. J. R.

THE HOMILIES.-Taking up a volume containing the two books with the Ecclesiastical Canons, it occurs to me to inquire why the Homilies are now not read yearly in churches, as ordered? Several of them are still very pertinent; and if more read, and better known, we could not have our churches decorated in that extravagant manner displayed in some late examples. Perhaps some one of your reverend readers will afford an explanation. Very few lay persons appear ever to have read them.

This query was laid aside, but meeting with the following very pertinent query in the "Articles to be inquired of in the Visitation of the Rev.

Knightly Chetwood, D.D., Archdeacon of York," in 1705, I forward it, and wait a reply:

"And doth your minister (to the end the people may the better understand, and be the more thoroughly acquainted with the doctrine and discipline of the Church of England) publicly read over unto the people, the Book of Canons at least once, and the Thirty-nine Articles twice every year?" W. P.

HORACE, ODE XIII. Is it known who was the translator of the passage quoted in The Spectator, No. 171? J. D. CAMPBELL.

INVENTION OF IRON DEFENCES. I have recently perused, in the Madras Artillery Records, published at St. Thomas's Mount, some papers headed "Extracts from the unpublished MSS. of the late Sir Wm. Congreve, Bart., the inventor of the Congreve Rocket," in one of which, written in 1824, is a suggestion for protecting with iron coatings the embrasures of Martello towers and casements, as well as the sides of vessels of war. Is Sir Wm. Congreve entitled to the credit of this invention, or is there any earlier record of it? H. C.

JEREMIAH HORROCKS, THE ASTRONOMER.-In Mr. Whatton's memoir of this great precursor of Newton, I find the following copy of the register at Emmanuel College, Cambridge:- "Jeremiah Horrox. Born at Toxteth, Lancashire. Entered Sizar, May 18, 1632." In an earlier portion of the same work, Mr. Horrox is said to have been "born at Toxteth Park, near Liverpool, in the year 1619." If this be correct, he must have entered at Cambridge when only thirteen years of age. This circumstance, coupled with the many works he had written before his death, on Jan. 3, 1641, leads me to inquire whether any register of his birth, or baptism, is known to exist? As there was only about one church in Liverpool at that time, the point might perhaps be settled by an examination of the registers there. May I request some of your correspondents to make the search? T. T. WILKINSON. Burnley, Lancashire.

MEDIEVAL CHURCHES WITHIN THE BOUNDARIES OF ROMAN CAMPS.-At Caistor and at An

caster, in Lincolnshire, at Great Casterton and at Market Overton, in Rutland, and at Castor, in Northamptonshire, the remains of Roman camps exist. It is a noteworthy fact, that within the boundary of each, and within a few yards of the western wall at each place, is a medieval church. Do these churches occupy sites of Roman temples? And has this peculiarity been noticed in the sites of other Roman camps that are to be found at the present day in Britain ?

STAMFORDIENSIS.

MILBORNE FAMILY. John Milborne of Allestey [Alveston ?], co. Gloucester, who was