ground that the Church has provided an authorised form for Christian families. I do not see how the Book of Common Prayer can be meant; and I wish to be informed, what forms of prayer for families and private individuals have been set forth by authority. Some such prayers were formerly appended to the Common Prayer Book, but are now omitted; and were, therefore, apparently not “authorised.” B. H. C.

QUAKERS' YARDS. I am collecting, during leisure hours, all information I can get, as to number, site, and history of old chapels and churches now extinct, in Carmarthenshire and Cardiganshire. Also, of old extinct buryinggrounds, amongst which there is a considerable number of" Quakers' Yards."

Query. Can any one of your readers refer me to any work, either historical or biographical, &c., that can throw any light on the Quakers' Yards, or the Quakers' era in Wales?

LLWYD.

RUNDALE TENURE.-Can any of the readers of "N. & Q." explain the origin of the term "Rundale," as applied to the tenure of land in the north of Ireland? Rundale tenure" is thus described in the Report of the Irish Society, 1836 :

:

“Rundale, which is a most mischievous way of occupy ing land, was, till of late years, the common practice of the north of Ireland. It is thus, three or four persons become tenants to a farm, holding it jointly, on which there is land of different qualities and values; they divide it into fields, and then divide each field into as many shares as there are tenants, which they occupy without division or fence, being marked in parcels by stones or other land-marks; which each occupies with such crops as his necessities, or means of procuring manure enable him. So that there are, at the same time, several kinds of crops in one field."

Mr. Hannay, the editor of these poems, here adduces a passage, which he says is from "an old English tale":

"The verie essence and, as it were, springeheade and origine of all musicke, is the verie pleasaunte sounde which the trees of the forest do make when they growe." The same fanciful idea of this sound is introduced in the Noctes Ambrosianæ, No. LXX. The Shepherd saying:

"My ears, in comparison with what they were when I was a mere child, are as if they were stuffed wi' cottonthen they cou'd hear the gerss growin' by moonlightor a drap o' dew slipping awa' into næthing frae the primrose leaf."

To this note I would append a query, for the name of the book from which Mr. Hannay quotes? E. J. NORMAN.

TAFFY, PADDY, AND SANDY.-We all know

that Taffy is the ideal of a Welshman, and that the word is a corruption of the name of David, the famous bishop and saint. Paddy is generally believed to be a variation of Patrick, or Pat; but the writer of the article "Pallade," in Didot's Nouvelle Biographie Générale, says, Paddy is from St. Palladius, the precursor of St. Patrick. This author writes the word "Padie." Is he right? Sandy is, of course, the universal Scotchman properly designated Alexander. But what Alexander-bishop or king? My notion is, that it is one of the kings. Am I right? B. H. C.

WADHAM ISLANDS.-Are there any records to tell at what time, or by whom, this small cluster of islands, near Newfoundland, latitude 49° 57', and longitude 53° 37', were named?

Were these islands discovered and named by any of the gentry by the name of Wadham, who embarked with Sebastian Cabot, when he discovered Newfoundland?

Or, were they discovered in 1583 by Sir session of the newly discovered territory in North Humphry Gilbert when he went to take posAmerica, by authority of the crown of England?

Harris & Kerr, in their Histories of Voyages and Discoveries, say, that Sir Humphry was aided by the gentry of Devonshire and neighbouring counties in fitting out his ships; and we find, moreover, that gentlemen by the name of the Courtneys and Cliffords, who, by marriage, were allied to the family of Wadham, accompanied him in his voyages. ILMINSTER.

"WIT WITHOUT MONEY," a comedy (with amendments and alterations by some persons of quality), 4to. No date; acted at the Haymarket. Who were the persons of quality referred to?

R. I.

WOLFE, GARDENER TO HENRY VIII. A French priest, one Wolfe, gardener to Hen. VIII.,

is said to have introduced the apricot into England. (Biog. Brit. 2462 n.) His Christian name and the time at which he flourished are desired. The late Mr. John Cole (Hist. and Antiquities of Wellingborough, 195), says: "The apricot tree was first brought to England from Italy in the year 1524 by Woolf, gardener of Henry the Eighth." I cannot discover his authority for this date. S. Y. R.

WILLIAM WOOD, author of A Survey of Trade, in Four Parts, with Considerations on Money and Bullion, London, 8vo, 1718, afterwards became secretary to the Commissioners of Customs. Particulars respecting him are much desired.*

S. Y. R.

THOMAS YORKE.— In Campbell's Lives of the Lord Chancellors, vol. v. p. 2, Thomas Yorke is said to have been thrice High Sheriff of Wiltshire in the time of Henry VIII. What relation was the sheriff to Simon Yorke, ancestor of the Earl of Hardwicke? CARILFORD. Cape Town.

Queries with Answers.

any

SIR THOMAS SCOTT.---Will Kentish genealogist give any particulars of the family of Sir Thomas Scott, of Scott's Hall, in that county? He was appointed by Queen Elizabeth to command the Kentish force against the projected Armada, in 1588. The following verse from an old ballad, describing the different events of his life, is appended to an etching portrait of Sir Thomas Scott; and it is desired to obtain the rest of the poem:—

"His Men and Tenants wailed the deye;
His kinn and cuntrie cried!
Both younge and old in Kent may saye,
Woe woorth the daye he died."

Of the same family was Reginald Scott, of Smeeth, author of the Discovery of Witchcraft, printed 1534; who is supposed to be the author of the ballad. It was said the ballad was printed in Peck's Collection of Historical Discourses, but it is not to be found in that work. T. S.

[Sir Thomas Scott, Knt., of Scott's Hall in Kent, was sheriff of that county in the 18th Queen Elizabeth, and in the 13th and 28th, knight of the shire in parliament. In the memorable year of the Spanish Armada, anno 1588, he was appointed commander-in-chief of the Kentish forces to oppose that formidable invasion. The day after he received the letters from the Council, so much was he beloved in the county, that he was enabled to collect and send to Dover 4,000 armed men. He was celebrated for his liberal housekeeping, providing tables daily for about

[ Wm. Wood died on March 25, 1765, aged eightysix. Gent. Mag., xxxv. 147; and "N. & Q.," 2nd S. viii. 188.-ED.]

100 persons for thirty-eight years at Scott's Hall. No man's death could be more lamented, or memory more beloved. He died on the 30th December, 1594, and was buried with his ancestors in Braborne church. In Thorpe's Catalogue of 1847, art. 2504, there appears an Epitaph on Sir Thomas Scott, printed on a folio leaf, which has been reprinted by Francis Peck in A Collection of Curious Historical Pieces, 4to, 1740, No. V., at the end of his Memoirs of Oliver Cromwell. This ballad consists of seventeen verses, with annotations, and is too long for quotation. Reginald Scott, the author of that remarkable work The Discovery of Witchcraft, 4to, 1584, was Sir Thomas's half-brother. Vide Hasted's Kent, iii. 292, and for other notices of Sir Thomas, the Calendar of State Papers, Domestic, 1547-1580.]

SORTES VIRGILIANÆ. - What is the origin of Sortes Virgiliana, and are there any other instances of the tradition besides the well-known one relating to Charles I. Of this, by-the-way, there are two very different accounts-by the one of which it is the future Charles II., who, in company with the poet Cowley, makes trial of the "Virgilian Oracles" at Paris in 1648; while, by the other, Charles I. himself consults a Virgil in the Bodleian Library at Oxford, when Lord Falkland, who was with him, is said to have found an equally startling prophecy of his own fate in the lines where Evander laments the death of his son Pallas. The tradition is a very curious one, and I shall be glad to have any information on the sub

ject.

W. G. R.

[Bibliomancy, or Divination by Books, was known to the ancients under the appellation of Sortes Homerica, and Sortes Virgiliana. The practice was, to take up the works of Homer and Virgil, and to consider the first verse that presented itself as a prognostication of future events. Thus Severus entertained ominous hopes of the empire from that verse in Virgil-"Tu regere imperio populos, Romane, memento;" and Gordianus, who reigned but few days, was discouraged by another, that is, “Ostendunt terris hunc tantùm fata, nec ultra esse sinunt." From paganism, this mode of penetrating into futurity, was introduced into Christianity in the fourth century, under the name of Sortes Sanctorum; and the Christians consulted the Bible for the same purpose. Whatever text presented itself, on dipping into the Old or New Testament, was deemed to be the answer of God himself. The practice, however, was laudably condemned by several councils. Consult Gataker, Of the Nature and Use of Lots, 1616; an able article on Bibliomancy in the Encyclopædia Metropolitana, xv. 540; Fosbroke's Encyclopadia of Antiquities, 4to, edit. 1825, i. 326; and Sir Thomas Browne's Works, by Wilkin, edit. 1852, ii. 97. In a note of the latter is Welwood's account of the Sortes Virgilianæ, as tried by Charles I. and Lord Falkland at Oxford.]

GREEK EPIGRAM. It is a pretty Greek epigram which says to the new-born babe, "You wept while we all smiled about your cradle; so

BLAIR'S "GRAVE.". To the earlier editions of this poem a slender pamphlet in a coloured wrapper-is prefixed a frontispiece; circular, I think, in shape, and representing a schoolboy "whistling aloud to keep his courage up," as, satchel on back, he walks with fearful aspect through a graveyard by moonlight. The portal of the church appears on one side; on the other, in the distance, a pyramidal monument is seen, and gravestones are scattered about. In the more modern editions, I have seen the same design reproduced, but without the name of the artist. This, possessing the original drawing, which is in the style and of the period of Corbould, I am desirous to learn; and should be obliged if anyone who may possess the book would kindly refer to it, and afford me the information.

Edgbaston.

WILLIAM BATES.

[No frontispiece to Blair's Grave is to be found in the editions of 1743, 1749, 1753, 1756, or 1761. In that of

1782, 12mo, is a circular one by " Barron, del', Macky, sculpt," a day-light scene, as two grave-diggers are at work; a girl is reading a book, with her arms resting on a tomb; and a boy with satchel on back. There stands the church, but no pyramidal monument is to be seen.]

BISHOP RICHARD BARNES. - Godwin, in his Catalogue of English Bishops, asserts that Richard Barnes, Bishop of Nottingham, was "suffragan unto the Archbishop of York." In another list in my possession, he is said to be suffragan bishop to the Bishop of Lincoln. Which is correct? Neither Richardson nor Le Neve throw any light on this. He was consecrated suffragan March 9,

1566; and was afterwards Bishop of Carlisle and Durham. W. H. BURNS.

[In Wharton's list of the Suffragan Bishops in England. copied from the original manuscripts in the Lambeth library, Richard Barnes appears as suffragan to the Archbishop of York. Nottingham being in the diocese of The date of his Lincoln may account for the error.

creation as suffragan of Nottingham, given in Le Neve's Fasti, edited by T. Duffus Hardy, edit. 1854, vol. iii. p. 241, is "4th Jan. 1567; Pat. 9 Eliz., p. 11, m. 33." In the list printed by the Rev. MACKENZIE WALCOTT ("N. & Q," 2nd S. ii. 3), the date of Richard Barnes's consecration at York is April 5, 1567.]

MAP OF ROMAN BRITAIN. - Is there any map or atlas which aims to show all the Roman settlements (camps and stations) in Britain, with or without the ancient names? If not, is there any map which exhibits existing traces of Roman occupation with anything like minuteness of detail? In any case, which is the best map for an inquiry

in this direction?

B. H. C.

[The following maps may assist our correspondent in his inquiries: 1. “An Historical Map of Anglo-Saxon and Roman Britain, by the late G. L. B. Freeman, Esq. of Caius College, Cambridge, published by James Wyld, Charing Cross East, 1838." It contains the ancient and modern names of the Roman Stations and Colonies, as well as the boundaries of the Roman Provinces. 2. Britannia Romana, by W. Hughes, F.R.G.S. of Aldine Chambers, Paternoster Row, 1848. This map contains the stations mentioned in the Antonine Itinerary, as well as the Notitia. The ancient names are quoted from Ptolemy, Cæsar, Pliny, Tacitus, Ammianus, the Anonymous Geographer of Ravenna, &c.; and the modern names are throughout in smaller characters.]

"THE HOWLAT."-Can you inform me where Sir John [Richard?] Holland's poem of The Howlat is to be met with? In Scott's Abbot, one of the characters quotes from it the well-known

lines:

"O Douglas, Douglas, Tender and true."

I have never come across it in any collection of old ballads. ORIELENSIS.

["The Howlat" was first printed in the Appendix subjoined to Pinkerton's Collection of Scotish Poems, iii. 146, edit. 1792. It has since been reprinted and ably edited by Mr. David Laing for the Bannatyne Club, 4to, 1823.]

BAAL WORSHIP.-I shall be obliged to any of your readers who will inform me of any book which treats fully of the worship of Baal, and of the other gods of Syria and the East.

ERGATES.

[We know of no work exclusively relating to the worship of Baal; but would recommend our correspon dent to consult Sir Henry Rawlinson's Essay on the Religion of the Babylonians and Assyrians (Geo. Rawlinson's

Herodotus, i. 584); Professor Max Müller's Essay on Semitic Monotheism; and Jacob Bryant's Analysis of Antient Mythology, passim. For further information on Baal, see a list of works referred to at the end of the article BAAL in the Penny Cyclopædia, iii. 221.]

“Nullum tetiGIT QUOD NON ORNAVIT." — In the debate on the Address my Lord Derby is reported to have said of our Foreign Secretary, "Nihil intactum reliquit, nihil tetigit quod non [I must alter the word] conturbavit."

Is this very passage to be met with in any ancient author, or is it merely an adaptation from Goldsmith's Epitaph in the Abbey ?

66

Qui nullum fere scribendi genus non tetigit, nullum tetigit quod non ornavit."

source.

D. [This has not, we believe, been traced to any classical Mr. Croker, in his edition of Boswell, has a note on it to the effect, that the phrase quoted resembles Fenelon's eulogy on Cicero -"He adorns whatever he attempts." Consult also Forster's Life of Oliver Goldsmith, ed. 1854, ii. 472.]

[It is one of the medals worn by the Society of the Gormogons, a species of rivals of the Freemasons, who are mentioned by Pope in The Dunciad; laughed at by Harry Carey in his Poems (1729); and caricatured by

and therefore entitled to worship:-1. Brahmá, the creating principle; 2. Vishnu, the preserving principle; 3. Siva, the destroying principle; with their corresponding female divinities, who are mythologically regarded as their wives, but, metaphysically, as the active powers which develope the principle represented by each member of the triad; namely,-4. Sereswati. 5. Lakshmi. 6. Parvati, called also Ďévi, Bhaváni, or Durga. 7. Indra, god of the air and of the heavens. 8. Varuna, god of the waters. 9. Pávana, god of the wind. 10. Agni, god of fire. 11. Yama, god of the infernal regions and judge of the dead. 12. Cuvéra, god of wealth. 13. Cártikeia, god of war. 14. Cáma, god of love. 15. Surya, the sun. 16. Soma, the moon. 17. Gunésa, who is the remover of difficulties, and, as such, presides over the entrances to all edifices, and is invoked at the commencement of all un

dertakings. To these may be added the planets, and many sacred rivers, especially Ganges, which is personified as a female divinity, and honoured with every sort of worship and reverence. The three first of these gods, Brahmá, Vishnu, and Siva, form the celebrated Hindú triad."

Brahma is usually represented as a red or likewise four arms, in one of which he holds a golden-coloured figure, with four heads. He has spoon, in the second a string of beads, in the third a water jug, and in the fourth the Veda, or sacred writings of the Hindús; and he is frequently attended by his vehicle, the goose or swan. Durga, or Doorga, is represented with In one hand she holds a spear, with which she is piercing the giant Muhisha; in the other a sword; in a third the hair of the giant, and the tail of the serpent turned round him; and in the others, the trident, discus, axe, club, and shield.

ten arms.

The usual pictures of Siva represent him as

Replies.

HINDU GODS. (3rd S. v. 135.)

See Nichols's

MR. DAVIDSON will find much information upon this subject in the History of India (Murray, 1857, fourth edition) by the late Hon. Mountstuart Elphinstone, formerly Governor of Bombay, with whom I had the honour to be acquainted, and whose name and work I quote with profound respect and admiration.

The devotion of the Hindús

"is directed to a variety of gods and goddesses, of whom it is impossible to fix the number. Some accounts, with the usual Hindú extravagance, make the deities amount to 330.000,000, but most of these are ministering angels in the different heavens, or other spirits who have no individual name or character, and who are counted by the million. The following seventeen, however, are the principal ones, and, perhaps, the only ones universally recognised as exercising distinct and divine functions,

and bears a trident in one of his hands; his hair is coiled up like that of a religious mendicant; and he is represented seated in an attitude of profound thought." A low cylinder of stone occupies the place of an image in all the temples sacred to Siva. Dévi or Bhavâni "is a beautiful woman, riding on a tiger, but in fierce and menacing attitude... But in another form . . . she is represented with a black skin, and a hideous and terrible countenance, streaming with blood, encircled with snakes, hung round with skulls and human heads." Vishnu is represented as a comely and placid young man, of a dark azure colour, and dressed like a king of ancient days. He is painted also in the forms of his ten principal incarnations. The first was that of a fish, to recover the Vedás, which had been carried away by a demon in a deluge; another was that of a boar, who raised on his tusks the world, which had sunk to the bottom of the ocean; and another was a tortoise, that supported a mountain. The fourth was in the shape of a man, with the head and paws of a lion. The fifth a Bramin dwarf. The sixth was Paris Rám, a Bramin hero. The seventh was Ráma. The eighth was Balla Ráma, a hero who

delivered the earth from giants. The ninth was Budha, a teacher of false religion, whose form Vishnu assumed for the purpose of deluding the enemies of the gods. The tenth is still to come. Ráma is represented in his natural form. Candoba, the great local divinity of the Marattas, is an incarnation of Siva, and is represented as an armed horseman. Surya is represented in a chariot with his head surrounded by rays. Ganésa, Gunésa, or Ganpatti, is a figure of a fat man, with an elephant's head. There are numerous local divinities, or village gods, who bear some resemblance to the penates or lares of the Romans.

A regard for space compels me to condense Mr. Elphinstone's description of the Hindú gods, but perhaps I have quoted enough to lead MR. DAVIDSON to peruse the History of India. I shall be happy to lend him my copy, if he will instruct me (5, Charles Square, N.) how to forward it to him. I refer him also to Coleman's Hindoo Mythology, in which he will probably find all that he requires. Ogilvie's Imperial Dictionary contains engravings of some of the gods above named.

EDWARD J. WOOD.

Wilson's translation of Vikramorvasi (Hindu Theatre, i. 219); Moor's Hindu Pantheon; Coleman's Mythology of the Hindus, and Rhode Ueber Religiöse Bilding, Mythologie und Philosophie der Hindus, will supply the information desired by MR. DAVIDSON. T. J. BUCKton.

CHARACTERS IN THE "ROLLIAD."
(2nd S. x. 45.)

The following are all the answers I can return to FITZHOPKINS's queries:

1. Lord Mornington was the father of the Marquess Wellesley, Duke of Wellington, Lord Cowley, &c. He was meant by Achilles. Lord Graham was the eldest son of the Duke of Montrose, Marquess of Graham. He was Atrides. A heavy man. Mornington, lively and gay. (Lodge's Peerage.)

9. Willis, the mad doctor, I suppose; though he was not a Member of Parliament. How "comfortably calm" is probably an extract from one of his bulletins of the king's health, if this does not involve an anachronism.

11. Bastard (John Pollexfen), M.P. for Devon. He was one of the meeting at the St. Alban's Tavern in 1784, and was angry with Pitt because he would not unite with Fox, except upon his own terms. Otherwise, the whole family were and are (if not extinct), Tories. His son, Edmund Pollexfen, B., sat many years for Devon before the county was divided. (Kitley Park, Devonshire.)

12. Fauconberg (Belasyze) an ancient peerage. Became extinct in 1815. I know nothing more. (Collins's Peerage.)

13. Le Mesurier. No doubt one of the Jersey family.

"And thou of name uncouth to British ear,

From Norman smugglers sprung, Le Mesurier."
Rolliad.

A good deal of smuggling used to be carried on between France and England through the Channel Islands. Probably the illicit traffic is not yet extinct.

14. Lord Westcote. An Irish title of Lord Lyttelton, assumed by his eldest son. (Lodge, 1864.)

15. Wilbraham Bootle. Some connection of the Bootle Wilbrahams, Lords Skelmersdale, of large property in Cheshire. I do not understand the allusion. (Lodge, 1864.)

16. Lord Bayham. Eldest son of Earl Camden (now Marquess Camden and Earl of Brecknock), Bayham Abbey, Sussex. I know nothing more.

20. Lord Winchelsea (Finch). The Finch family are, or at least were, very dark-complexioned. Sir C. H. Williams, in one of his political odes (1742) speaks of the "black funereal Finches." (New Foundling Hospital for Wit, vol. iii. p. 12, 1784.) No doubt there are portraits of Lord Winchelsea extant. The family have added the name of Hatton to Finch.

21. Lord Sydney. (Hon. Thomas Townshend.) A member of the Whig opposition to Lord North. Joined Pitt's Administration. His chin would have "reached to Hindostan." (Rolliad.) A connexion of Marquess Townshend. Probably the family have a portrait of him. W. D.

ALLEGED PLAGIARISM.

(3rd S. v. 153.)

Your correspondent . wishes for a reference to the particulars of the dispute relating to the authorship of the elegy entitled "The Blackbirds." These particulars, I am inclined to think, are not to be found in print, but were only a topic of chit-chat in the literary and theatrical circles of a fashionable watering-place.

This beautiful and pathetic elegy first appeared in The Adventurer, No. 37. It was communicated to Dr. Hawkesworth by Gilbert West, without naming the author. West, however, did not claim it, although Dr. Johnson (Lives of the Poets, ed. 1854, iii. 278) writes doubtfully respecting the authorship.

When the elegy first appeared with Mr. Jago's name in the fourth volume of Dodsley's Collection of Poems, edit. 1755, it is said that a manager of the Bath Theatre, with unparalleled effrontery, boasted in the circle of his acquaintance that he