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was the author of "The Blackbirds;" and that Jago, which name he adopted, was taken from the character in Othello. This brings us to the question put by your correspondent, Who was this manager? It has been conjectured that it was John Palmer-" Mail Coach Palmer," as he was familiarly called, a manager of the Bath Theatre in Orchard Street in 1767.

I am, however, more inclined to attribute this ruse to John Lee the actor, who became within a short time after the publication of Dodsley's fourth volume (1765) a manager of one of the Bath theatres. Lee's principal character, it will be remembered, was Iago in the tragedy of Othello, in which it is allowed he excelled; but unfortunately, as is well known, he entertained too high an opinion of his own talents. When he had the command of the Bath prompt-book, he altered some plays in so bad a manner, that Kemble, when he came to Bath, refused to act in them till they were restored to their proper state.

Lee's character is well described by Cooke in his Life of Macklin. He says:·

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"Lee's Iago was very respectable, and showed a good judgment and thorough representation of the character. This actor was not without considerable pretensions, were they not more than allayed by his vanity. He had a good person, a good voice, and a more than ordinary knowledge of his profession, which he sometimes showed without exaggeration; but he wanted to be placed in the chair of Garrick, and in attempting to reach this he often deranged his natural abilities. He was for ever, as Foote said, doing the honours of his face.' He affected uncommon long pauses, and frequently took such out-of-theway pains with emphasis and articulation, that the natural actor seldom appeared."

Lee was banished at last from almost every theatre but that of Bath, where he continued at different periods, either as manager, actor, or lecturer, till his death in the year 1781.

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AMICUS.

A WYKEHAMIST will find an explanation of the lines quoted by him in a little volume, entitled Memoirs of the Rose, by, I believe, Mr. Holland of Sheffield. Addressing a lady, the author says :"In the common rosebud there is a singular arrangement of the armature, or beards of the sepals forming the calyx, which is thus stated in an admired scrap of monkish Latin:

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'Quinque sumus,' &c. These leonine (rhyming) verses, with an English version which follows, I extract from the Monthly Magazine for April, 1822; to which work they were sent by our favourite poet (James Montgomery). The translator observes, that The common hedge rose (and every other) has a calyx, which encloses the bud, consisting of five leaves (or segments), long lanceolate-narrow; two simple, two pinnate (barbati), and a fifth pinnate only on one

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The following extract, from Miss Yonge's Herb of the Field, will solve this enigma:

"Of us five brothers at the same time born,

Two, from our birthday, ever beards have worn;
On other two, none ever have appeared,
While the fifth brother wears but half a beard.'

"This is a fine puzzle for most people; but if you cannot make it out with a rose calyx before your eyes, I think you must be rather dull." Herb of the Field, 2nd edit., p. 32. S. L.

ITALICS (3rd S. v. 178 n.) - There seems to me much exaggeration in the objections often made against italics, and I wholly demur to this parallel between them and oaths. The true parallel is obviously between them and a strong emphasis in speaking; and there can be no intrinsic objection to the one more than to the other. Does any one really recommend conversation in which no words are emphasised more than others? Undoubtedly more than a few italics, as, for instance, in Young's Night Thoughts, gives a great look of weakness to the writing. LYTTELTON.

SIR ROBERT VERNON (3rd S. iv. 476.)-In answer to W. B.'s query, I beg to say that Sir Robert Vernon, of Hodnet, was the son of John Vernon by Elizabeth, daughter of Sir Richard Devereux, Knight. He was born 1577, created K. B. by Queen Elizabeth, and made comptroller of her household; he married Mary, daughter of Robert Needham, of Shenton, and sister of Sir Robert Needham, who, in 1625, was created first Viscount Kilmorey. Sir Robert Vernon, Knight, died in 1625, leaving a son, Henry Vernon, who was born 1606, and who, in 1660, was created a baronet, for his services in the royal cause. This Sir Henry Vernon, Bart., married in 1636, Elizabeth, daughter and heir of Sir Richard White, Knight, of Friers, in Anglesea (she was one of the beauties of King Charles's court). Sir Henry Vernon died 1676, leaving a son, Sir Thomas Vernon, of Hodnet, one of the four Tellers of the Exchequer. In Hodnet Hall, co. Salop, is, or was, a shield carved in oak, containing the Vernon arms of twenty-four quarterings, of the date of 1599, united with the Needham arms of ten quarterings.

It is quite probable that Sir Robert Vernon is the same person who was on the council of the Lord Marchers at Ludlow, in 1609, as his fatherin-law, Robert Needham, was vice-president of the Council in the Marches in Wales.

W. F. V.

SIR WALTER RALEIGH (3rd S. v. 108, 184.) Sir Humphrey Gilbert and Sir Walter Raleigh were uterine brothers, sons of the same mother by different husbands. CHARLES F. S. WARREN.

FASHIONABLE QUARTERS OF LONDON (3rd S. v. 92.)—As regards the residence of Edward, Lord Thurlow, when Lord Chancellor, there is no doubt that he occupied a house on the north side of Great Ormond Street, where the Ormond Club met (of which I was a member), and our reading room at the back was the one from which the seals were stolen. THOMAS FARMER COOKE. Lord Chancellor Thurlow lived in Great George Street, Westminster. WM. SMITH.

BALLOONS: THEIR DIMENSIONS (3rd S. v. 96.)— R. C. L. would do well to visit the Free Public

Library in the Patent Office, Chancery Lane. In addition to the printed specifications relating to aeronautics (including the Earl of Aldborough's expensive follies), that library contains a large number of treatises on the subject, and a curious and unique collection thus described in the Catalogue:

"Aëronautica Illustrata. A complete Cabinet of Aerial Ascents and Descents, from the earliest period to the present time. Collected and arranged by George James Norman. Comprising

1. All known engraved portraits, and a few original drawings, of aëronauts.

2. Autograph letters and other writings of aëronauts and their patrons and friends.

3. A large collection of engravings and drawings illustrating ancient and modern attempts to navigate the air, including comic and caricature subjects. 4. Historical and descriptive matter in various languages, consisting of cuttings from newspapers and other periodical works; and pamphlets and excerpts reduced to leaves and separately mounted. 5. Specimens of the silk and other materials of which the most celebrated balloons and their appendages have been composed.

Collected probably between 1830 and 1850. In 9 vols. folio." W.

IRENEUS QUOTED (3rd S. iv. 98.)-I cannot take upon myself to say that the passage is not in Irenæus, but as it is in Tertullian, I think it not unlikely that one father is misremembered for

the other.

"Quid ergo de cæteris ingeniis, vel etiam viribus fallacia spiritalis edisserem? Phantasmata Castorum, et aquam cribro gestatam, et navem cingulo promotam, et barbam tactu irrufatam; ut numina lapides crederentur, et Deus verus non crederetur."-Apolog. cap. xxii. ad fin. Ed. Semler, Halæ Magd. 1773, t. v. p. 50.

See also Mœurs et Pratiques des Démons, par Gougenot des Mousseaux, p. 48, Paris, 1854. FITZHOPKINS.

Garrick Club.

QUOTATION (3rd S. v. 154.)-7. The greatest work of the greatest orator that the world has ever produced contains the idea, ascribed to the "Heathen." It occurs in Demosthenes' speech, "De Coronâ" (Reiske, ed. p. 226, line 20, Bekker, § 4; Whiston, p. 402-3.) WYNNE E. BAXTER.

REVALENTA ARABICA (3rd S. iv. 496.)-Your correspondent MR. TRENCH will find that his remarks upon the composition of this article have been anticipated by Burton. Speaking of an Arabian dish, called “ Adas” (lentils), he says:

| "This grain is cheaper than rice on the banks of the Nile-a fact which enlightened England, now paying a hundred times its value for Revalenta Arabica,' appar2nd edit. i. 368. ently ignores."- Pilgrimage to El Medina and Meccah, Novi Eboraci.

P. W. S. CARDINAL BETON AND ARCHBISHOP GAWIN DUNBAR (3rd S. v. 112.) — In J. M.'s note under

this title several things occur requiring notice. James Beaton was not the famous Cardinal, but the uncle of that prelate, whose Christian name was David. The date of the consecration of archbishop James, although unknown to Keith, is given correctly in Mr. Grub's Ecclesiastical History of Scotland (1861), a work composed with that care and conscientious accuracy which alone makes a history of value as such. (See vol. i. p. 411.) James Beaton was translated to St. Andrew's in 1522, and Gavin Dunbar, Prior of Whithorn (not Whitehaven), was consecrated as his successor on February 5, 152 (not 1534). Some of the mistakes now pointed out may have happened in transcription, or in printing. The remarks about Queen Mary and the unworthy names associated with hers, imply to such an extent moral depravity in the unfortunate Scottish princess that I cannot concur in them. N. C. SIR EDWARD MAY (3rd S. v. 35.) — Among the grants of lands in Ireland, in the reign of King Charles II., mention is made of the following lands in the co. of Waterford, and parish of Mothel, as having been granted to Sir Algernon May :Mothel, Kilenaspig, Jeddins, Clonmoyle, Ross, Old Grange, and Ballynavin. Smith in his History of Waterford, ed. 1746, mentions the Mays among the gentry of that county. He also says,

"Mayfield is the pleasant seat of James May, Esq., finely situated on the banks of the Suir, with several plantations and large improvements. This place was formerly called Rockett's Castle, from a castle erected here by one of that name."

Jas. May was the gentleman created a baronet in the year 1763. KILLONGFORD.

CHRISTOPHER COPLEY (3rd S. v. 136.)-Christopher Copley came of a great Yorkshire family, which derives both its name and origin from the village of Copley, a hamlet in the parish of Halifax. His immediate ancestors were William Copley, of Wadworth, who died May 20, 1658, and Anne daughter of Gervas Cressy of Birkin. He married a lady of good Yorkshire family, and puritan principles, Elizabeth, daughter of Gervas Bosville, of Warmsworth. Like his connections, the Brookes and the Bosvilles, he espoused the popular side in the great civil war, and seems to have been an active and efficient officer. Evidence exists to prove that he spent considerable sums of his own money in forwarding the cause he bad at heart, which were repaid to him when the struggle was, for a time, over. On July 8, 1648, the House of Commons made an order that the sum of 43241. 9s., arrears due to him, was to be paid out of the Yorkshire sequestration monies. He had the command of the Parliamentary forces at the battle of Sherburn, August 15, 1645, where Lord Digby was routed and Sir Francis Carnaby and Sir Richard Hutton, high sheriff of Yorkshire,

were killed. I have seen no record of his death, but it certainly took place before 1664. His younger brother, Lionel, married Frizalina, daughter of George Ward, of Capesthorne, co. Chester. He died December, 1675, and lies buried in Wadworth church. Lionel Copley entered the service of the Parliament at the beginning of the war as muster-master general, and I believe served it faithfully, although his subsequent troubles are evidence that he was at times an object of much suspicion. From him descended, in the fifth generation, Godfrey Higgins, F.S.A., of Skellow Grange, near Doncaster, the profoundly learned author of Anacalypsis, an Attempt to draw aside the Veil of the Saitic Isis; or an Enquiry into the Origin of Languages, Nations, and Religions, 2 vols. 4to, 1833, who died August 9, 1833.

The arms of Copley are argent a cross moline, sable; those of Higgins ermine on a fess sable, the Copleys in my three towers argent. I hope to include lives of "Civil War Biographies." Therefore any unpublished facts relating to them will interest me.

(Clarendon, Hist., 1 vol., 1843, pp. 578, 690. Commons' Journ., iii. 431; v. 627. Hunter, South Yorks., i. 252; ii. 482.

Memorable Duys and Grainge's Battles and Battlefields of Yorkshire, 187. Works of God, 1645. The Royal Martyrs, 1660. Gentleman's Mag., 1833, ii. p. 371.

Bottesford Manor, Brigg.

EDWARD PEACOCK.

ESQUIRE (3rd S. v. 94.)-A curious point arose in 1859, in a law case reported in the 29th vol. of the Law Journal, Queen's Bench, p. 17. A person proposing for a life assurance, in answer to the questions put to him as to his address and occupation, wrote " Hall, Esquire," naming his private residence. It happened that, in the neighbouring town, he carried on the trade of an ironmonger; and when he died, the assurance company refused to pay, on the ground that he had been guilty of suppressio veri in not disclosing that he was in business. Of course the Court was

against them, and it is hardly necessary to add, that they did not succeed in thus evading the claim. JOB J. B. WORKARD.

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being a preservative against lightning, I find in namesake, as no doubt the other received some Greene's Penelope's Web, &c., 4to, 1601,—

"He which weareth the bay-leaf is privileged from the prejudice of thunder."

intended for him. But, as far as I know, they were not even personally acquainted. F. C. H. THE IRON MASK (3rd S. v. 135.)- The curious

And, in the old play of The White Devil, Cor- helmet, or iron mask, mentioned by H. C., is cernelia says,

"Reach the bays:

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I'll tie a garland here about his head, "T will keep my boy from lightning.' Also, in A strange Metamorphosis of Man transformed into a Wildernesse, deciphered in Characters, 12mo, 1634, under the bay tree, it is observed, that it is

"so privileged by nature, that even thunder and lightning are here even taxed of partiality, and will not touch him for respect's sake, as a sacred thing."

Again, cited from some old English poet, in Bodenham's Belvedere, or the Garden of the Muses, 8vo, 1600, we read,

"As thunder nor fierce lightning harmes the bay, So no extremitie hath power on fame."

W. I. S. HORTON. DESCENDANTS OF FITZ-JAMES (3rd S. v. 134.) From various articles which have appeared in "N. & Q.," and from some other sources, I believe that accounts of the descendants of the Duke of Berwick will be found in Burke's Extinct Peerage; in the Annuaire de la Noblesse de France, for 1844 and 1852; in Moreri's Dictionnaire Historique; in Rohrbacher's Histoire Universelle de TEnglise Catholique, tenth ed., 1852, tom. xxvii.; and in the Memoires published by his grandson in 1778. Meantime the following particulars may be of some service to the inquirer:

The Duke of Berwick was created Duc de FitzJames by Louis XIV. in 1710. He was twice married. By his first wife, Honora de Burgh, he left one son, James, who was Duke of Liria, in Spain. His second wife was Anne Bulkeley, and by her he had a numerous family. His eldest surviving son by this marriage was Francis, Duke of Fitz-James, and Bishop of Soissons, and died about the year 1761. The next was Henry, who also entered into Holy Orders. The third son was James, from whom is descended the present Duke of Fitz-James, in France. He bears the royal arms of England within a bordure, with the motto "Ortu et honore." F. C. H.

Dr. George Oliver (3rd S. v. 137.)- Having had the pleasure to possess an intimate friend and frequent correspondent in the late Rev. George Oliver, D.D., of St. Nicholas's Priory, Exeter, I

can assure A DEVONIAN that there was no relationship between him and the Protestant Doctor of the same name. They were, of course often confounded with each other; and the Catholic D.D. has told me of amusing mistakes made, and that he often received letters intended for his

tainly not that worn by the mysterious prisoner of Louis XIV. His mask was made of black velvet, on a wire frame, fastened at the back of his head, but allowing free liberty to his mouth and jaws, and intended only to conceal his features.

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RETREAT (3rd S. v. 119.)-I have read your answer with reference to the origin of the military term "Retreat," but can hardly look upon it as conclusive. It is stated in your answer that you "think the expression must have originally rethe muster was over, not to the muster itself." ferred to the men's retiring to their quarters when But, I would suggest, that if this be a true solution of the question, why should not the term "retreat" be applied to every parade which takes place during the day, since the men would, on each of those occasions, retire to their quarters on the dismissal of the parade? F. R.

PRIMULA (3rd S. v. 132.) The lines quoted by W. D. are a kind of compressed version of a lovely little poem, given under slightly differing forms, both by Carew and Herrick. In Herrick's poems it stands thus:

"Ask me why I send you here
This sweet infanta of the year?
Ask me why I send to you

This primrose thus bepearl'd with dew?

I will whisper to your ears

'The sweets of love are mixed with tears."

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"Poscis, cur tibi dedicem

Hanc anni teneram progeniem novi?
Mittam cur tibi primulam

Quæ gemmata nitet rore madens adhuc ?
Et reddo 'Sua sic amor
Eternum lachrymis gaudia temperat.'
"Poscis, cur mea primula
Languescat fragili pallida flosculo?

Cur caulem Zephyrus levem
Flectat perpetuò, frangere nec queat?
Reddo, Semper amantium

Pectus non aliter languida spes alit." A little closer attention to botanical nomenclature would have told your correspondent that the crimson plant he saw was not "a different plant of the same species," but a different species of the same genus. C. W. BINGHAM.

The Primulaceae being a great natural order, the London gardeners probably made no mistake.

S.

ROD IN THE MIDDLE AGES (3rd S. iv. 32.) — Your correspondent E. D., and I should think most of your readers, will be surprised to hear that the severe discipline so vividly described by Francis Newbery in 1815, is not only not obsolete, but actually practised at the present day. Hap pening to look over a file of the Family Herald, I found amongst the miscellaneous stores of information contained under the head of "Correspondence" a series of communications respecting the use of the rod in girls' schools. It appears that a discussion has been going on in the columns of the Family Herald as to the propriety of this mode of punishment, and, in answer to one correspondent, the editor says:—

"From the numerous letters that we receive, we believe that the practice you condemn is not only indulged in, but that it is indulged in because severe correction is thought necessary; and in many cases it probably is so." No. 1077, vol. xxi., Dec. 19, 1863.

What is still more extraordinary is, that the editor approves the practice, as, in reply to another correspondent, he thus states his views:

"Discipline sends us a letter in favour of discipline at girls' schools; that is, in favour of flogging girls. He considers the rod a fitter instrument of punishment than any other; and so do we. The fact is this, there should be no maundering about the matter."-(No. 1083, vol. xxi., Jan. 30, 1864.)

This shows that not only is the rod now in use as a corrective for refractory young ladies, but that there are persons who advocate its terrors. It may also show us how little one half of the

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R. LXM.

OATH BY THE DOG (3rd S. v. 138.) — In Hindoo, Scandinavian, and Classical Mythology, "the dog," "dog grass," "the dog star," and all the variations of analogous myths and superstitions are almost interchangeable. (Vide Moor's Hindu Pantheon, &c.)

I once made a large table of such analogies, including those of the Hindoo cosmogony, and the succession of geological strata, but unfortunately lost it. Such a tabular work in the hands of one better able to compile it might be made exceedingly interesting.

S.

ANONYMOUS" RESURRECTION, NOT DEATH, THE HOPE OF THE BELIEVER" (3rd S. v. 33.)—VECTIS is informed that this tract is by the Rev. Henry Borlase. It was originally a paper in a quarterly periodical, called The Christian Witness, which appeared at Plymouth from 1834 to 1840, and of which Mr. Borlase was the original editor. The paper in question was inserted in the second number, April, 1834. Mr. Borlase was a native of Helstone, in Cornwall. He graduated at Trinity College, Cambridge; and after his ordination in the Church of England, he held for a short time the curacy of the parish of St. Keyne, in Cornwall. He withdrew from the ministry of the Church of England; and he was from that time associated with a Christian congregation at Plymouth, to whom first the name of "Plymouth Brethren" was given. It ought, however, to be distinctly stated, that they did not then hold the peculiarities of theology, nor did they carry out the same course of action which characterise those who now in many places are known as Plymouth Brethren. The doctrinal system now held by them is utterly at variance with the principles cherished by Mr. Borlase.

After many months of illness Mr. Borlase died,

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