him in McCulloch's Literature of Political Economy (1845, 8vo, p. 46), taken from a note by George Chalmers in his copy of Dobbs's Essay. There is, however, a fuller biography of Arthur Dobbs in George Chalmers's valuable "Lives of the Writers on Trade and Political Economy," which is a storehouse of information on the subject. It is in manuscript in my possession, forming a thick 4to volume, and has never yet been published. JAS. CROSSLEY.

The second part of Arthur Dobbs's Essay on the Trade and Improvement of Ireland was published at Dublin in 1731. Both parts of the work have recently been reprinted in vol. ii. of

"A Collection of Tracts and Treatises illustrative of the Natural History, Antiquities, and the Political and Social State of Ireland, at various Periods prior to the present Century: in Two Volumes." Dublin, 1861, 8vo.

All the above-mentioned works are in the library of Trinity College, Dublin. Αλιεύς. Dublin.

ARMS OF SAXONY (3rd S. v. 12.)-The writer of the Query entitled "The Prince Consort's Motto," expresses his opinion that the white horse of Saxony is derived from a passage in the Book of Revelations (xix. 11). The armorial bearing in question is, without doubt, of a date long anterior to the era of the Reformation. The Horse was the emblem on the standard of the earliest Saxon invaders of the South of England, and is preserved in the names of the Saxon leaders Hengist (German, Hengst = Stallion) and Horsa (our "Horse" and the German "Ross.") We find it again in the arms of Kent. Those Saxon invaders most probably were of the same race as the present inhabitants of Hanover and Westphalia, if we may judge from their speaking the "Platt-deutsch," or Low German, which is the same branch of the Teutonic from which the Anglo-Saxon was descended. Further, the arms of Hanover, as well as of Westphalia, are, to this day, a white horse. DE LETH.

"EST ROSA FLOS VENERIS (1st S. i. 458; 3rd S. iv. 453; v. 15.)-The passage sought after in the Rhodologia of Rosenberg is as follows: :"Rosam Cupido Veneris filius, ut poetæ fabulantur, Harpocrati, silentii Deo, digito labia compescenti, donavit. Undè mos ille cumprimis Septentrionalium, fluxisse videtur, ut in cœnaculis Rosa lacunaribus supra mensarum vertices affigatur, quo quisque secreti tenax esset, nec facilè divulgaret ea, quæ sub rosâ, id est, silentii fide dicta. Quâ de re elegantissimus Poeta sequentem in modum canit: "Est rosa flos Veneris," &c. Part 1, cap. 2. The author of the lines is not named.

JOB J. B. WORKARD.

"THE AMATEUR'S MAGAZINE" (3rd S. v. 26.) There was yet another monthly periodical called The Amateur, which also had an existence of nine months, having been born in July, 1855, and

having expired in March, 1856, during which time eight numbers were published. It was intended to be a quarterly publication; but "in consequence of the encouragement that the first number received, it was altered to a monthly. At its fourth issue its price was reduced from 1s. to 6d. It was "projected by a small staff of unprofessional writers," and was published at 16, Great Marlborough Street. I believe that its editor was Mr. E. C. Massey, a young and clever writer, whose first published work (anonymous) was The Green-eyed Monster; a Christmas Lesson. By Whatshisname (pp. 101). church Street, 1854.

James Cooke, FenCUTHBERT Bede.

MAD AS A HATTER (3rd S. v. 24.) - Colchester and all its natives remonstrate against your correspondent SCHIN's suggestion as to the origin of this phrase. Even the hatters there are not willing to remove the obnoxious cap from their own

heads on such terms. Neither sound nor sense could reconcile them to the notion of making the oyster a symbol of madness. Finding some time ago I think in Halliwell's Dictionary - that gnattery is used in some parts of England in the sense of irritable, I fancied that in the same places a gnat might be called a gnatter, and hence "as mad as a gnatter." I do not think I was far wrong; though perhaps natter, the German name for adder, points to the true origin. It is easy to trace the progress a natter, an atter, a halter. B. L. COLCESTRENSIS.

OXONIENSIS.

SIR EDWARD MAY (3rd S. v. 35.)—Sir Edward May, M.P. for Belfast, was the son of Sir James May, M.P. for the co. Waterford, who was created a baronet June 30, 1763. A few particulars of the pedigree appear in Burke's Extinct and Dormant Baronetcies. Arms: gu. a fess between eight billets, or. R. W.

SIR WILLIAM SEVENOKE (3rd S. v. 37.)-In the "List of Mayors of London," compiled by Paul Wright, B.D., F.S.A., 1773, appended to Heylin's Help to English History, the arms are described" Az. seven acorns or," and are engraved three, three, and one. This is probably correct. R. W. LONGEVITY OF CLERGYMEN (3rd S. v. 22, 44.)The Preston Chronicle of Jan. 9, 1864, records the demise on Jan. 3, of the Rev. Joseph Rowley, incumbent of Stalmine, Lancashire, for sixty-four years; having been appointed thereto in the year 1799. The reverend gentleman was for fifty-four years-viz. from 1803 to 1858, chaplain of Lancaster Castle, during which period he attended the execution of no less than 170 persons. PRESTONIENSIS.

PAPER MARKS (3rd S. iv. 515.) The Rev. Samuel Dunne, son of the archdeacon, an antiquary of some eminence, communicated in 1795 to the Archæologia a very interesting and valuable article on Paper Marks. It is chiefly drawn up from some materials collected by Mr. Thomas Fisher, printer, of Rochester, and is illustrated with six plates exhibiting various marks from 1473 to 1712. The size and form of the paper bearing the mark is shown, and the substance of the material is described as far as it can be. Altogether it is a very curious document. X. A. X. THE LAIRD OF LEE (3rd S. v. 34.) The Laird of Lee is commonly understood to be Lockhart of Lee. Wodrow (vol. i. p. 282), says that Sir James Lockhart of Lee was the only sober man at the drunken meeting of Council at Glasgow, 1662, which ejected so many ministers, and that he alone opposed it. This was more than twenty years before the Mauchline Martyrdom; so that, however likely, it cannot be quite certain either that he is the person alluded to in the inscription on the Mauchline Monument, or, supposing he is, that it does him justice. J. R. B. Edinburgh.

FRITH SILVER (3rd S. iv. 477, 529.)-Fee-farm rents are payable to Lord Somers in most parts of the North Riding of Yorkshire; and regular audits held at certain market towns, and collections made by Mr. Samuel Danby, of 7, Gray's

POTATO AND POINT (3rd S. iv. 496.) —

"I was indebted for my first glimmering knowledge of history and antiquities to those evening converzationi round our small turf fire, where, after a frugal repast upon that imaginative dish, potatoes and point,' my father used to talk of the traditions of other times.

"When there is but a small portion of salt left, the potatoe, instead of being dipped into it by the guests, is merely, as a sort of indulgence to the fancy, pointed at it."-Memoirs of Captain Rock, London, 1824, p. 243.

W. D.

GREEK AND ROMAN GAMES (3rd S. v. 39.)It may be added that the Nomocanon of Photius, Voelli et Justelli Bibliotheca Juris Canonici Veand the Scholia of Balsamon, were republished in teris, Græce et Latine, Paris, 1661, 2 voll. fol. In loc. cit. Tit. xiii. c. 29, Balsamon supplies no further illustration than what has already been quoted. He only adds:

lege aversabunde vitari et puniri; utpote qui cottum "Videtur etiam mihi quoque alterum hunc ludum a

confirmet."-P. 1131.

For KOTTOS, see Ducange, Glossarium Mediæ et Infima Latinitatis: “ Τὸν κύβον, ἤτοι τὸν κόττον.”

BIBLIOTHECAR. CHETHAM.

CHURCHWARDEN QUERY (3rd S. v. 34.)-The sidesmen appointed last Easter at the meeting of the parish of St. Michael's, Lichfield, were thirteen in number; and were designated to the eight out-townships included in that parish. They are only assistants to the churchwardens, in reference to their respective townships. Their duties in recent times appears, from Canon 90 of the Constitutions of 1562, to be to prevent absence of parishioners from church, and disturbCanon 89, the word "churchwarden ance to the congregations by absentees. In is made equivalent to questman (say inquestman or inquirer); but prior to these Constitutions, there was a distinction, for

--

"In the ancient episcopal synods, the bishops were wont to summon divers creditable persons out of every parish, and people. to give information of, and to attest the disorders of clergy These were called testes synodales; and were in after times a kind of impanneled jury, consisting of two, three, or more persons in every parish, who were upon oath to present all hereticks and other irregular persons (Ken. Par. Ant. 649). And these in process of time became standing officers in several places, especially in great cities; and from hence were called synods-men, and by corruption sidesmen. They are also sometimes called questmen, from the nature of their office, in making inquiry concerning offences."

By Canon 90, if the minister and parishioners cannot agree in the choice of these sidesmen, or

CHAIGNEAU (3rd S. v. 11.)- The name has revived my boyish remembrance of a story, strangely illustrating the social habits and feelings of the last century; as I heard it narrated more than seventy years ago, by a then elderly aunt of mine, a lady as well nurtured and as kindly hearted as any of her time.

66

The Mr. Chaigneau whom it commemorates was an eminent laceman in Dame Street (the Regent Street of) Dublin, where his speciality, though less expansive, was more expensive than are our wives' and daughters' crinolines. One day, a titled lady honoured his shop with a visit in her sedan chair; during her explorations, the shopman observed her conveying a card of lace into her muff. On her departure, he informed his master of this lèze-boutique, who posted after her ladyship, and, with the requisite bows and begging pardons, suggested her havingunconsciously, of course - taken, &c. &c. Of course, also, Madam was indignant. That a personage of her fortune and position could condescend to the vulgarity of shoplifting! The laceman persisted in the "mistake": would she be good enough to order her sedan back to the shop? would she allow it to be examined? Growing desperate, he insisted on the search; whereupon, drawing the card of lace out of her muff, she exclaimed (well do I remember my aunt's words and tone)," There, fellow; there is your lace; and it shall be the dearest lace to you that ever came out of your shop." The promise was duly kept the esprit de corps was too strong for the tradesman from one of the richest of his calling he gradually became one of the poorest; dwindled down into bankruptcy, and obtained his discharge by cutting his throat.

Such was my aunt's story; she never mentioned the lady's name, and, if she had, I would not disentomb it.

Miscellaneous.

NOTES ON BOOKS, ETC.

E. L. S.

POST OFFICE LONDON DIRECTORY FOR 1864.- When Macaulay's much-talked-of New Zealander takes his seat upon the ruins of St. Paul's, he will get but a very imperfect notion of what the great city was, of which the remains lie spread before him, unless he has the good fortune to pick up from among them an old Post Office

London Directory. There he would be told in unmistakeable characters the true history of London's greatness, a volume of nearly 3000 closely, yet clearly printed, pages, pointing out not only every mart where men do congregate, but the quiet homes to which the hundreds and thousands of those busy men retire when the day's intelligence, and vast extent of London than acres of work is done, would speak more clearly of the wealth, crumbling ruins. For sixty-five years has the Post Office London Directory gone on increasing in size, accuracy, and utility until it has reached a completeness commensurate with the labour and expense which have been bestowed upon it, and which makes it a Commercial Annual Register of the metropolis of England. If the reader would wish for evidence of the progress of commerce and manufactures in London, and how the Post Office Direcsimple fact that about fifty new trades have been added tory keeps pace with this progress, he will find it in the to the present volume.

BOOKS AND ODD VOLUMES

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Particulars of Price, &c., of the following Books to be sent direct to the gentlemen by whom they are required, and whose names and addresses are given for that purpose:

BEAUMONT AND FLETCHER'S PLAYS. 7 Vols. 8vo. London, 1711. Vols.
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HANNAH HEWITT; or, the Female Crusoe, by Charles Dibdin. 3 Vols. 1792. 411, Strand. ZEBA IN THE DESERT; or, the Female Crusoe, from the French. London: Forster, 1789, 12mo.

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LECTURES ON ENGLISH HISTORY, by a Lady. 2 Vols. Parker: London. THE CAMP OF REFUGE. Knight: London.

ANDERSON'S ROYAL GENEALOGICAL TABLES. Folio. Binding no consequence.

A pamphlet or magazine containing an article on Hereward the Saxon, by Rev. E. Trollope, 1860-2.

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Notices to Correspondents.

GEORGE W. MARSHALL. The extract relative to the discovery of Nuneham Regis is from our own columns. See many articles on the subject in our 1st Series vi. 386, 488, 558; vii. 23, 507; viii. 101.

8. (Edinburgh.) For the origin of the name of the "Domesday-Book" consult" N. & Q." 1st S. xi. 107; 2nd S. xi. 102, 103.

T. BENTLEY. Has our Correspondent consulted Bishop Monk's Life of Dr. Richard Bentley, the second edition, 2 vols. 8vo. 1823? Kippis's Biographia Britannica, ii. 224-247, contains also a well-written life of this distinguished critic.

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Michael Angelo, but from the workings of the brain of some ship-carver."

Who shall decide upon the merits of a work, when sages differ? Some years ago, examining the carving with a powerful glass, I was much pleased with its execution. It appeared to me to be a work above the ordinary degree of merit. I may add that I discovered, cut upon a small square in the middle of the lower group of figures, the following inscription: "A. P. 30." What does this mean? The entry in the old accounts informs us that the sculptor's name was Love.

EDWARD F. RIMBAULT.

DECAY OF STONE IN BUILDINGS.

At a time when so much is said and thought of the decay of stone in our public buildings, the following passage from a letter to King Henry V. from an officer having the charge of public works at Calais, may not be read without interest, as showing the precautions taken in earlier times to preserve them. It is to be found in a late publication of the Camden Society, entitled Letters of Queen Margaret of Anjou, Bishop Beckington, and others, p. 20:

"SOUVERAINE LORDE, &c., as touching the stone of this cuntre, that shuld be for the jambes of your doores and windowes of your said chapell, I dare not take upon me to sett any more therof upon your workes, hit freteth and freeth so foule with himself, that, had I not ordained lynnesede oyle to bed [bathe?] hit with, hit wolde not have endured, or plesed your Highnesse. Wherfore I have paveyed xiij tons tight [weight?] of Cane stone, for to spede youre workes withal."

From this it will be seen that, at that early period, linseed oil was applied to stone to preserve it, and whatever those who consider only the benefit of trade may say, it did and still does answer the purpose; but not unless properly applied. For stone should be duly kept and seasoned before being used in a building, especially if intended for carving, just as much as timber; for the stone which is positively the hardest to cut is by no means, as an invariable rule, the most durable; but the best is that which, after being cut, hardens, and forms itself an exterior coat; and this is the case with the Caen stone, which is soft when first taken out of the quarry. But if expected to form itself a coat, it must not be cut, and then exposed at once to the inclemency of the weather, but should be placed for a time in the dry, under a shed, constantly exposed to the air, but not to rain or tempests. When this has been properly done, and the stone is thoroughly dry, linseed oil may be applied, and will preserve it; not making streaks, as might be apprehended, unless very carelessly laid on, but producing a pleasing and subdued gray tint. There is value, I conceive, in the suggestion often made of placing

the stone as it lay in its natural bed; but to cut it out of the quarry, and use it green (so the workmen term it), as is too often done at present, what is it but a knavish practice of the builder to provide for a second job? For, in this state, the sun affects, and the winds and frosts crack and shiver it; and if oil be applied, this makes the matter still worse by confining that moisture which ought to be permitted to ooze out, and thus hastening instead of preventing the decay of the stone, which, as a general rule, should have been quarried for some time, and have become perfectly dry before being used in the construction of buildings. It is no uncommon thing among small churches to find the clusters of pillars in the interior composed simply of hard chalk, which answers the purpose very well. But let us suppose these to have been put together while the chalk was yet damp, and what would have been the consequence? That the first frost would have shivered and broken them; but the chalk being quite dry when put together, frost does not at all affect it. And something analogous to this may be observed in the use of much of our stone.

I have before me an instance of linseed oil applied more than twenty years since to ornamental carving in stone out of doors, and deeply cut, which it has preserved. W.

CURIOUS MODERN GREEK AND TURKISH

NAMES.

I have devoted some spare hours to many pages of "N. & Q.," where, especially of late, have appeared lists of Christian names and surnames, curious and otherwise, together with their supposed derivations. It was my good fortune, when in Asia Minor, &c., to be intimate with many scores of Greek and Turkish better class peasants, and acquainted with perhaps as many of the other sex of both nations; indeed, to use their own phrase, Was I not their good brother?" It struck me, a few days ago, that as I had collected the names of most of these old friends of mine, and given, moreover, some time and attention to their derivations, a list of them might, if printed, amuse your readers. It would at all events perhaps help some one writer of our Eastern fictions to a few unstereotyped names for their heroes and heroines; for really we have had only about a dozen proper names in these Eastern novels for this last half century. If agreeable, I may, at some other time, give the historiographs of Armenian names-a thing totally uncared for, it seems; meanwhile, I append a few bonâ-fide modern Greek and Turkish names, common to all ages, and with the orthography best allied to their true pronunciation.

The following are a few classical names; these,