o'15; whooping-cough, deaths, 566, death-rate, 1'32; fever, deaths, 521, death-rate, 1'21; diarrhoeal diseases, deaths, 530, death-rate, 124. Deaths of children under one year, 187 deaths to every 1,000 births.

Group III., comprising Prescot, Ormskirk, Wigan, Warrington, Leigh, Bolton, Bury, Blackburn, Chorley, and Preston, with an estimated population of 864,670, affords statistics giving deaths from all causes, 23,947, a death-rate of 27.7 per 1,000. Deaths from principal zymotic diseases, 5,554, with a death-rate of 6'42; small-pɔx, 115 cases, death-rate, o'13; measles, deaths, 744, death-rate, o86; scarlet-fever, deaths, 1,004, death-rate, 1'16; diphtheria, 10 deaths, death-rate, o'12; whooping-cough, 723 deaths, death-rate, o84; fever, 1,234 deaths, death-rate, 1'43; diarrhoeal diseases, 1,633, death-rate, 1.88. Deaths of children under one year, 192 per 1,000 births.

Group IV., comprising Huddersfield, Halifax, Bradford, Hunslet, Holbeck, Bramley, and Leeds, with an estimated population of 751,571, gives in this cholera year of 1866, registered deaths from all causes, 20,240, with a death-rate of 269 per 1,000. Deaths from principal zymotic diseases, 3,639, death-rate, 484; small-pox, 66 deaths, death-rate, o'09; measles, 674 deaths, death-rate, o‘90; scarlet-fever, deaths, 305, death-rate, 0'41 ; diphtheria, 83 deaths, death-rate, o'11; whooping-cough, deaths, 590, death-rate, o'79; fever, 1,037 deaths, death-rate, 137; and diarrhoeal diseases, deaths, 884, death-rate, 1'17. The deaths of children under one year of age amounted to 200 per 1,000 births.

Group V., which comprises the rural counties of Wilts, Dorset, and Devon, exclusive of the town districts of Devizes, Salisbury, Weymouth, Exeter, and Plymouth, with an estimated population of 799,543, shows deaths from all causes, 15,927, death-rate, 19'9; deaths from principal zymotic diseases, 2,305, average death-rate, 2.88; small-pox, deaths, 20, death-rate, o'03; measles, 258, deathrate, 0.32; scarlet-fever, 392 cases, death-rate, 0'49; diphtheria, deaths, 90, death-rate, o'11; whooping-cough, 356 deaths, deathrate, o 45; fever, 473 deaths, death-rate, o‘59; diarrhoeal diseases, 716 deaths, death-rate, o.89. The deaths of children under one year of age was 113 to every 1,000 births.

3,029,125, we find the deaths from all causes to be 80,453, an average death-rate of 26.6 per 1,000. The deaths from the principal zymotic diseases were 20,503, being an average rate of 6.77 per 1,000. Deaths from small-pox, 1,391, average rate, o'46; measles, deaths, 2,220, death-rate per 1,000, 0*73; scarletfever, deaths, 1,892, rate per 1,000, 0·62; diphtheria, 462 deaths, death-rate per 1,000, o'10; whooping-cough, deaths, 2,960, death-rate per 1,000, o'98; fever, 2,688, death-rate, 0·89 per 1,000; diarrhoeal diseases, 8,890, death-rate per 1,000, 2'94. Deaths of children under one year, 174 to each 1,000 births. We then have an aggregate of the mortality of the same manufacturing districts as in the set of tables No. 1. The aggregate of the estimated population in these four groups was 2,187,268; the deaths from all causes, 59,557, with a death-rate of 27.2 per 1,000. The deaths from the principal zymotic diseases in this group of four districts amounted to 12,250, the death-rate being 5'72 per 1,000; the deaths from small-pox were 274, the deathrate o'13 per 1,000; from measles the deaths were 1,768, deathrate o'81 per 1,000; scarlet-fever reckoned 1,896, with an average death-rate of 0.87 per 1,000; diphtheria reckons 315 deaths, with a death-rate of o'14 per 1,000; whooping-cough, 1,975 deaths, death-rate o'90 per 1,000; fever, 2,986 deaths, death-rate 1*37 per 1,000; diarrhoeal diseases, 3,306, death-rate 1'50 per 1,000. Deaths of children under one year, 195 deaths per 1,000 births. An analysis of these groups gives the following results :

Group I., comprehending Wolstanton and Stoke-upon-Trent, with an estimated population of 141,929, gives 4,537 deaths from all causes, or a death-rate of 32'0 per 1,000. Deaths from principal zymotic diseases were 1,101, a death-rate of 7.76; from small-pox, 88, a death-rate of o'62; from measles, 105, a deathrate of o'74; scarlet fever, 293, a death-rate of 2'06; diphtheria, 66 cases, an average death-rate of o'47; whooping-cough, 96, average death-rate, o'68; fever, deaths, 194, death-rate, 1'37; diarrhoeal diseases, 259 deaths, average death-rate, 182. Deaths of children under one year, 215 deaths per 1,000 births.

Group II., comprising Wolverhampton, Walsall, West Bromwich, and Dudley, of which the estimated population is 429,098; the deaths from all causes 10,833, average death-rate, 25°2 per 1,000. Deaths from all principal zymotic diseases, 2,226, average death-rate, 5'19; measles, deaths, 245, average death-rate, o'57; scarlet-fever, 294, death-rate, o'69; diphtheria, 65, death-rate

o'15; whooping-cough, deaths, 566, death-rate, 1*32; fever, deaths, 521, death-rate, 121; diarrhoeal diseases, deaths, 530, death-rate, 1*24. Deaths of children under one year, 187 deaths to every 1,000 births.

Group III., comprising Prescot, Ormskirk, Wigan, Warrington, Leigh, Bolton, Bury, Blackburn, Chorley, and Preston, with an estimated population of 864,670, affords statistics giving deaths from all causes, 23,947, a death-rate of 27.7 per 1,000. Deaths from principal zymotic diseases, 5,554, with a death-rate of 6'42; small-pɔx, 115 cases, death-rate, o°13; measles, deaths, 744, death-rate, o86; scarlet-fever, deaths, 1,004, death-rate, 1'16; diphtheria, 101 deaths, death-rate, o'12; whooping-cough, 723 deaths, death-rate, o'84; fever, 1,234 deaths, death-rate, 1'43; diarrhoeal diseases, 1,633, death-rate, 1.88. Deaths of children under one year, 192 per 1,000 births.

1,000.

Group IV., comprising Huddersfield, Halifax, Bradford, Hunslet, Holbeck, Bramley, and Leeds, with an estimated population of 751,571, gives in this cholera year of 1866, registered deaths from all causes, 20,240, with a death-rate of 26.9 per Deaths from principal zymotic diseases, 3,639, death-rate, 484; small-pox, 66 deaths, death-rate, o'09; measles, 674 deaths, death-rate, o'90; scarlet-fever, deaths, 305, death-rate, 0'41; diphtheria, 83 deaths, death-rate, o'11; whooping-cough, deaths, 590, death-rate, 0'79; fever, 1,037 deaths, death-rate, 1*37; and diarrhoeal diseases, deaths, 884, death-rate, 1'17. The deaths of children under one year of age amounted to 200 per 1,000 births.

Group V., which comprises the rural counties of Wilts, Dorset, and Devon, exclusive of the town districts of Devizes, Salisbury, Weymouth, Exeter, and Plymouth, with an estimated population of 799,543, shows deaths from all causes, 15,927, death-rate, 19'9; deaths from principal zymotic diseases, 2,305, average death-rate, 2.88; small-pox, deaths, 20, death-rate, o‘03; measles, 258, deathrate, o*32; scarlet-fever, 392 cases, death-rate, 0'49; diphtheria, deaths, 90, death-rate, o'11; whooping-cough, 356 deaths, deathrate, o ̊45; fever, 473 deaths, death-rate, o'59; diarrhoeal diseases, 716 deaths, death-rate, 0.89. The deaths of children under one year of age was 113 to every 1,000 births.

APPENDIX III.

SMOKE NUISANCE ABATEMENT (METROPOLIS). [H.L.]

47 & 48 VICT.

A BILL intituled An Act to amend the Acts for abating the Nuisance arising from the Smoke of Furnaces and Fireplaces within the Metropolis.

WHEREAS by an Act passed in the Session of Parliament held in the sixteenth and seventeenth years of the reign of Her present Majesty, intituled "An Act to abate the Nuisance arising from the Smoke of Furnaces in the Metropolis and from Steam Vessels above London Bridge" (16 & 17 Vict. c. 128) (in this Act referred to as "the Act of 1853"), and by a further Act passed in the session of Parliament held in the nineteenth and twentieth years of the reign of Her present Majesty, intituled "An Act to amend the Smoke Nuisance Abatement (Metropolis) Act, 1853" (19 & 20 Vict. c. 107) (in this Act referred to as "the Act of 1856"), and by the Sanitary Act, 1866 (29 & 30 Vict. c. 90), provisions have from time to time been made for abating the nuisance arising from the smoke of furnaces and fireplaces within the metropolis, but the said provisions have not been effectual in abating the same; and it is expedient that further provision should be made in relation thereto :

Be it therefore enacted by the Queen's most Excellent Majesty, by and with the advice and consent of the Lords Spiritual and Temporal, and Commons, in this present Parliament assembled, and by the authority of the same, as follows; that is to say,

I. Short Title.-This Act may be cited for all purposes as the Smoke Nuisance Abatement (Metropolis) Act, 1884.

2. Limits of Act. This Act shall extend and apply to the

metropolis as defined by the Metropolis Management Act, 1855 (18 & 19 Vict. c. 120).

3. Interpretation.-In this Act

The expression "local authority" means,

As to the city of London and the liberties thereof, the mayor, commonalty, and citizens acting by the Commissioners of Sewers;

As to any parish mentioned in Schedule A. to the Metropolis Management Act, 1855, the vestry;

As to any district mentioned in Schedule B. to the Metropolis Management Act, 1855, the district board; and

The expression "district," used in relation to any local authority, means the area within which such local authority has jurisdiction.

4. Power for local authorities to make byelaws prohibiting emission of smoke from buildings.-Any local authority may from time to time make, and when made, alter and repeal byelaws

For prohibiting or regulating the emission of smoke from any building within their district.

Any such byelaws may exempt buildings below a certain rateable value to be fixed by such byelaws from the operation thereof, or may limit the hours within which such byelaws are to be in force, or may contain any other restrictions and provisions which the local authority may think expedient.

Any local authority may, by any byelaws made by them under this section, impose on offenders against the same such reasonable penalties as they think fit for each offence, and in the case of a continuing offence such further penalty as they think fit for each day after written notice of the offence from the local authority; but all such byelaws imposing any penalty shall be so framed as to allow of the recovery of any sum less than the full amount of the penalty.

No byelaw made in pursuance of this section, or alteration, or repeal thereof, shall be of any validity until it has been confirmed by one of Her Majesty's principal Secretaries of State.

No byelaw made under this section, or alteration or repeal thereof, shall be confirmed by one of Her Majesty's Principal Secretaries of State until the expiration of two months after a copy of the byelaw, together with notice of the intention to apply for confirmation of the same has been published by the local authority, once at least in each of two consecutive weeks in two