The efforts to restore breathing must be commenced immediately and energetically, and persevered in for one or two hours, or until a medical man has pronounced life is extinct.

Efforts to promote warmth and circulation beyond removing the wet clothes and drying the skin must not be made until the first appearance of natural breathing. For if circulation of the blood be induced before breathing has recommenced, the restoration to life will be endangered.

TREATMENT TO RESTORE BREATHING ACCORDING TO DR. MARSHALL HALL'S METHOD.

To clear the Throat.-Place the patient on the floor or ground with the face downwards, and one of

tongue will itself fall forward, leaving the entrance into the windpipe free. Assist this operation by wiping and cleansing the mouth.

If satisfactory breathing commences, use the treatment described below to promote warmth. If there be only slight breathing, or if the breathing fail, then, To excite Breathing, turn the patient well and instantly on the side, supporting the head, and excite

the nostrils with snuff, hartshorn, and smelling salts, or tickle the throat with a feather, etc., if they are at hand. Rub the chest and face, and dash cold water or cold and hot water alternately on them.

To imitate Breathing.-If there be no success, lose not a moment, but instantly replace the patient on the face, raising and supporting the chest well on a folded coat or other article of dress.

Turn the body very gently on the side and a little beyond, and then briskly on the face, back again, repeating these measures cautiously, efficiently, and perseveringly about fifteen times in the minute, or once every four or five seconds, occasionally varying the side. By placing the patient on the chest, the weight of the body forces the air out; when turned on the side, this pressure is removed and air enters the chest.

The two foregoing illustrations show the position of the body during the employment of Dr. Marshall Hall's method of inducing respiration.

On each occasion that the body is replaced on the face, make uniform but efficient pressure with brisk movement on the back between and below the shoulder-blades or bones on each side, removing the pressure immediately before turning the body on the side.

During the whole operation let one person attend solely to the movements of the head, and of the arm placed under it.

The result is Respiration or natural Breathing, and, if not too late, Life.

Whilst the above operations are being proceeded with, dry the hands and feet; and as soon as dry clothing or blankets can be procured, strip the body, and cover, or gradually reclothe it, but taking care not to interfere with the efforts to restore breathing.

TREATMENT TO RESTORE BREATHING ACCORDING TO DR. SILVESTER'S METHOD.

Patient's position.-Place the patient on the back on a flat surface, inclined a little upwards from the feet; raise and support the head and shoulders on a small firm cushion or folded article of dress placed under the shoulder-blades. To effect a free entrance of air into the windpipe—

Cleanse the mouth and nostrils, draw forward the patient's tongue, and keep it projecting beyond the lips; an elastic band over the tongue and under the chin will answer this purpose, or a piece of string or tape may be tied round them, or by raising the lower jaw, the teeth may be made to retain the tongue in that position.

Remove all tight clothing from about the neck and chest, especially the braces.

To imitate the movements of Breathing.—Standing at the patient's head, grasp the arms just above the elbows, and draw the arms gently and steadily upwards above the head, and keep them stretched upwards for two seconds, by this means, air is drawn into the lungs. Then turn down the patient's arms, and press them gently and firmly for two seconds against the sides of the chest. By this means air is pressed out of the lungs. Pressure on the breastbone will aid this.

Repeat these measures alternately, deliberately, and