into the County Court and execution or other process for enforcing the judgment or order may be issued by the County Court, as to which see Jones v. Jenner (25 L. J. 319, Ex.) and Montgomery v. De Bulmes (C. A. (1893), 2 Q. B. 420). The last paragraph of the rule is in the same terms as the addition to Order XXV., Rule 40, made by Rule 21. Rule 26 is intended to make clearer the provisions of Order XXV., Rule 46, as to the extension of the time during which orders of commitment are to remain in force. Rule 27 amends the form of affidavit required for the issue of a garnishee summons. Rule 28 alters the wording of Order XXVIII., Rule 1, so as to make it follow the wording of section 158 of the County Courts Act. Rule 29 provides that the times for taking interlocutory proceedings in remitted actions for sums exceeding £50 shall be the same as in actions for sums exceeding £50 commenced in the County Courts. Rule 30 provides for service on a defendant added or substituted in the County Court in an action or matter remitted from the High Court. Rule 31.-Paragraphs 2 to 4 provide for the procedure on a request for appraisement of the property in an action of salvage. Paragraphs 5 and 6 are a repetition of the existing rule. Rule 32.-The words annulled are now unnecessary, fees for appraisement having been prescribed by the Fees Order. Rule 33 provides for the payment of the travelling expenses of assessors in Admiralty actions. Rules 34 and 36 to 38 bring the existing rules into conformity with recent legislation, by substituting for references to Acts which have been repealed references to the enactments by which they have been replaced. Rule 35.-This amendment is in accordance with the amendment lately made in the Fees Order. Rule 39 makes sundry alterations in the Scales of Costs in accordance with suggestions of the Registrars' Association. Rule 40 makes Order LIII., Rule 35, follow the wording of R.S.C. Order LXV., Rule 27 (38b). Rule 41 makes it clear that the rule applies to notices to be sent by the registrar or high bailiff, as well as to those to be sent by the opposite party. Rule 42 provides that Sundays and days on which the offices are closed shall be counted in the computation of time required by the rules in respect of service-following Order LIV., Rule 19. August 1912. WORKMEN'S COMPENSATION RULES 1912. DATED THE 26TH DAY OF JULY 1912. The following rules shall have effect under the Workmen's Compensation Act 1906. These rules may be cited as the Workmen's Compensation Rules 1912, or each rule may be cited as if it had been one of the Workmen's Compensation Rules 1907 (herein referred to as the principal rules) and had been numbered therein by the number of the rule placed in the margin opposite such rule. These rules shall come into operation on the thirtieth day of September, one thousand nine hundred and twelve. Parties to Arbitration before Judge or Arbitrator appointed by Judge. 1. Judge may direct infant to appear as if he were of full age.— The following paragraph shall stand as paragraph 2 of Rule 7 of the principal rules, viz. : : (2.) Provided that the judge may at any time direct that an infant shall appear either as applicant or respondent in the same manner as if he were of full age. -Where a memorandum of agreement as to the redemption of a weekly payment by a lump sum, or as to the amount of compensation payable to a person under any legal disability, or to ependants, or as to the amount of compensation payable in the form of a weekly payment or of a lump sum to a workman who is an insured person within the meaning of the National Insurance Act 1911, is presented for registration, there shall be left or sent with the memorandum a separate statement according to the form 36A in the appendix, of such of the particulars mentioned in that form as are applicable to the case. Where an agreement with a workman is presented for registration, it shall be stated in par. (a) of Part A of the said form 36A whether he is or is not an insured person within the meaning of said Act. (2.) Paragraph la is hereby annulled, and the following paragraph shall stand in lieu thereof, viz. : : (la.) Inquiry by registrar, and proceedings thereon.-In any such case the registrar shall, before recording the memorandum, make such inquiries and obtain such information as he may think necessary in order to satisfy himself that the memorandum may properly be recorded, regard being had to proviso (d) to paragraph 9 of the second schedule to the Act, as applied by sect. 11, sub-sect. (1) (c), of the National Insurance Act 1911; and it shall be the duty of the parties to the agreement to answer such inquiries and give such information accordingly. 3. Paragraph 2 is hereby annulled, and the following paragraph shall stand in lieu thereof, viz. : (2.) Where it appears to the registrar that the memorandum ought not to be recorded for any reason mentioned in the said proviso, as so applied, he shall make a report to the judge in writing, stating the information which he has obtained and the grounds on which it appears to him that the memorandum ought not to be recorded. (4.) The following paragraph shall stand as paragraph 4a, viz. :: (4a.) Where the registrar has refused to record a memorandum of agreement by reason of the inadequacy of the amount of compensation agreed to be paid in the form of a weekly payment or of a lump sum to a workman who is an insured person within the meaning of the National Insurance Act 1911, paragraph (a) of the form referred to in the last preceding paragraph shall be altered accordingly. [Form 41 (a).] Costs. 4. The following paragraph shall stand as paragraph 2a of Rule 61 of the principal rules, viz. (2a.) Where proceedings are taken for which no provision is made by these rules or by the scales of costs, reasonable costs may be allowed in respect of such proceedings by the registrar, subject to review by the judge, or by special order of the judge, not exceeding those which may under the scales be allowed in respect of proceedings of a like nature. We, William L. Selfe, William Cecil Smyly, Robert Woodfall, Thomas C. Granger, and H. Tindal Atkinson, being the five judges of the County Courts appointed for the making of rules under section one hundred and sixty-four of the County Courts Act 1888, having made the foregoing Rules of Court, pursuant to paragraph 12 of the second schedule to the Workmen's Compensation Act 1906, do hereby certify the same under our hands, and submit them to the Lord Chancellor accordingly. The 26th of July 1912. (Signed) WM. L. SELFE. I allow these Rules, HALDANE, C. EXPLANATORY MEMORANDUM. Rule 1.-Difficulties have been experienced as to the appointment of next friends to infants, especially in regard to applica tions for the review of weekly payments. Rule 1 provides that in such cases the judge may order an infant to appear as if he were of full age, on the analogy of sect. 96 of the County Courts Act, which enables infants to sue for wages, &c., as if they were of full age. Rule 2.-Some registrars have taken the view that dependants in Scotland or Ireland applying for compensation must give security for costs in accordance with the County Court Rules. One of the judges recently gave a considered judgment that security could not be required, and Rule 2 has been framed in accordance with that decision. Rule 3.-This rule applies Rule 49, as to the recording of memoranda of agreements, to the cases to which proviso (d) to paragraph 9 of the second schedule to the Act is applied by sect. 11 (1) (c) of the National Insurance Act 1911 (1 & 2 Geo. 5, c. 55.) Rule 4.-Difficulties have been experienced on the taxation of costs as to the allowances for work done for which no provision is made by the scales of costs applicable to actions. Rule 4 has been framed to meet such cases. It is founded on the County Court Rule, Order XXIIA., Rule 27, paragraph (4). August 1912. THE SUMMARY JURISDICTION (FORMS) RULE 1912. THE following forms, namely, Forms 11, 12, 13, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 29, 31, 32, and 34 in Part I. of the Schedule to the Summary Jurisdiction Rules 1886 and Forms 5 and 6 in Schedule A of the Summary Jurisdiction (Children Act) Rules 1909 shall be amended by the omission of the words "and of his conveyance to the said prison" and the words "and of his conveyance to the said prison [or place of detention]" wherever they HALDANE, C. occur. Dated the 7th day of August 1912 and certified to be urgent. HIGH COURT OF JUSTICE.-LONG VACATION NOTICE. DURING the Vacation up to and including Wednesday, the 4th Sept., all applications "which may require to be immediately or promptly heard," are to be made to the Hon. Mr. Justice Bankes. COURT BUSINESS.-The Hon. Mr. Justice Bankes will, until further notice, sit in the Lord Chief Justice's Court, Royal Courts of Justice, at 10.30 a.m. on Thursday in every week, commencing on Thursday, the 8th Aug., for the purpose of hearing such applications of the above nature as, according to the practice in the Chancery Division, are usually heard in court. No case will be placed in the judge's paper unless leave has been previously obtained, or a certificate of counsel that the case requires to be immediately or promptly heard, and stating concisely the reasons, is left with the papers. The necessary papers, relating to every application made to the Vacation judges see notice below as to judges' papers), are to be left with the cause clerk in attendance, Chancery Registrars' Office, Room 136, Royal Courts of Justice, before one o'clock two days previous to the day on which the application is intended to be made. When the cause clerk, is not in attendance they may be left at Room 136, under cover, addressed to him, and marked outside Chancery Vacation papers, or they may be sent by post, but in either case so as to be received by the time aforesaid. URGENT MATTERS WHEN JUDGE NOT PRESENT IN COURT OR CHAMBERS.-Application may be made in any case of urgency to the judge, personally (if necessary), or by post or rail, prepaid, accompanied by the brief of counsel, office copies of the affidavits in support of the application, and also by a minute, on a separate sheet of paper, signed by counsel, of the order he may consider the applicant entitled to, and also an envelope, sufficiently stamped, Chancery capable of receiving the papers, addressed as follows: " Official Letter: To the Registrar in Vacation, Chancery Registrars' Office, Royal Courts of Justice, London, W.C." On applications for injunctions, in addition to the above, a copy of the writ and a certificate of writ issued must also be sent. The papers sent to the judge will be returned to the registrar. The address of the judge for the time being acting as Vacation judge can be obtained on application at Room 136, Royal Courts of Justice. CHANCERY CHAMBER BUSINESS.-The chambers of Justices Swinfen Eady and Neville will be open for Vacation business on Tuesday, Wednesday, Thursday, and Friday in each week, from ten to two o'clock. KING'S BENCH CHAMBER BUSINESS.-The Hon. Mr. Justice Bankes will, until further notice, sit for the disposal of King's Bench business in Judge's Chambers at 10.30 a.m. on Wednesday in every week, commencing on Wednesday, the 7th Aug. PROBATE AND DIVORCE.-Summonses will be heard by the registrar at the Principal Probate Registry, Somerset House, every day during the Vacation at 11.30 (Saturdays excepted). Motions will be heard by the registrar on Wednesdays, the 14th and 28th Aug., the 11th and 25th Sept., at the Principal Probate Registry, at 12.30. Decrees will be made absolute on Wednesdays, the 14th and 21st Aug., the 4th and 18th Sept., and the 2nd Oct. All papers for motions and for making decrees absolute are to be left at the Contentious Department, Somerset House, before two o'clock on the preceding Friday. The offices of the Probate and Divorce Registries will be opened at eleven and closed at three o'clock, except on Saturdays, when the offices will be opened at ten and closed at one o'clock. JUDGE'S PAPERS FOR USE IN COURT.-CHANCERY DIVISION -The following papers for the Vacation judge are required to be left with the cause clerk in attendance at the Chancery Registrars' Office, Room 136, Royal Courts of Justice, on or before one o'clock, two days previous to the day on which the application to the judge is intended to be made: 1. Counsel's certificate of urgency or note of special leave granted by the judge. 2. Two copies of writ and two copies of pleadings (if any), and any other documents showing the nature of the application. 3. Two copies of notice of motion. 4. Office copy affidavits in support, and also affidavits in answer (if any). N.B.-Solicitors are requested, when the application has been disposed of, to apply at once to the judge's clerk in court for the return of their papers. Chancery Registrar's Office, Royal Courts of Justice, THE GAZETTES. Professional Partnerships Dissolved. LLOYD, HAROLD MONTAGUE, and CROSS, JAMES HUNSDON, solicitors, Cardiff. WADE, WILLIAM, and WADE, DAVID TREHARNE NEWTON, solicitors, New- ARNOLD, WHATELY CHARLES, and CUBISON, ARTHUR EDWARD, solicitors, Dove-ct, Old Jewry, E.C. Aug. 10. Bankrupts. THE BANKRUPTCY ACTS 1883 AND 1890. RECEIVING ORDERS. GAZETTE, AUG. 9. To surrender at the High Court of Justice, in Bankruptcy. BELLAMY, THOMAS (trading as E. M. Reach and Co.), Spring-pl, Kentish Town, bottle merchants. Aug. 3. EDELMAN, LAZARUS, Commercial-rd, corset maker. Aug. 3. To surrender at their respective District Courts. CARROTTE, PETER (trading as Hutchins and Co.), Manchester. Congregational minister. Ct. Manchester. Aug. 6. COTTLE, ABRAM JOSEPH, Kempton, contractor. Ct. Bedford. Aug. 7. DIXON, JOHN FOSTER, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, builder. Ct. Newcastle-uponTyne. Aug. 6. EDWARDS, JOHN HENRY, Birmingham, builder. Ct. Birmingham. Aug. 3. FLETCHER, HENRY, Ilkeston, commercial traveller. Ct. Derby and Long HARRIS, ELLEN, Chace water, ironmonger. Ct. Truro. Aug. 6. Aug. 2. Ct. Bath. PUGH, RICHARD, Tonypandy, carpenter. Ct. Pontypridd, Ystradyfodwg, and Porth. Aug. 7. RANDALL, HENRY CHARLES PERCY, Northampton, director of a public company. Ct. Northampton. Aug. 3. STOCKLEY, HENRY, Oxford, tobacconist. Ct. Oxford. Aug. 7. GAZETTE, AUG. 13. To surrender at the High Court of Justice, in Bankruptcy. MEEK, EWARD BERNARD (trading, as the Hawthorn Timber Company), High-rd, Willesden Green, timber merchant. Aug. 9. SAXTON, JAMES GEORGE, late Queen's-rd, New Cross, auctioneer Aug. 8 To surrender at their respective District Courts. BRYANT, JAMES, Ogmore Vale, late general dealer. Ct. Cardiff. Aug. 7. CLARKE, ERNEST ARCHIBALD, Toft Monks, blacksmith. Ct. Great Yarmouth. Aug. 9. DAVIS, WILLIAM, Ross, house furnisher. Ct. Hereford. Aug 9 EDGERLEY, HENRY HAYES, Widnes, carter. Ct. Liverpool. Aug. 9. HARRIES, THOMAS, Southsea, restaurant keeper. Ct. Portsmouth. Aug. 7. MADIN, JOSEPH, late Old Brampton, builder. Ct. Chesterfield. Aug 9. PRESCOTT, RICHARD, Brandesburton, butcher. Ct. Kingston-upon-Hull. Aug. 8. RUDDOCK, ARTHUR, Leeds, late grocer. Ct. Leeds. Aug. 8. REYNER, F. HUBERT, Hale, gentleman. Ct. Manchester. Au. 9. Ct. RAMSAY, MARY ELIZABETH, Whitley Bay, letter of apartments. Ct. Newcastle-upon-Tyne. Aug. 8. SMITH, EDWARD, Brixton, baker. Ct. Wandsworth. Aug. 8. STONE, THEOPHILUS GEORGE, and STONE, ALLAN LOFTUS (trading as Stone Brothers), Salisbury, coach builders. Ct. Salisbury. Aug 9 VINE, EDWARD, Eye, watchmaker. Ct. Ipswich. Aug. 9 WALLIS, JAMES, Beddington. Ct. Croydon. Aug. 9. WYLES, HORACE, late Manchester, manufacturer's agent. Ct. Manchester. WOULFE, TALFOURD VERNON, late Copthall-av, stockbroker. Aug. 10 Ct. Windsor. BELLAMY, THOMAS (trading as E. M. Reach and Co.), Spring-rl, Kentish BALDWIN, RICHARD EDWARD, Burnley, late weaver. Ct. Burnley, Aug. 6. CARROTTE, PETER (trading as Hutchins and Co.), Manchester, Congregational minister. Ct. Manchester. Aug. 6. CLARKE, JAMES BROWNE, Kenton, farmer. Ct. Exeter. Aug 3. Ct. High Court. Ct. Birmingham. FAWCETT, FRANK, Rochester-ter, West Norwood. Ct. High Court. Aug. 2. FITCH, JOHN OSBORNE, Fenchurch-st, manufacturer's agent. Ct. High Court. Aug. 3. FLETCHER, HENRY, Ilkeston, commercial traveller. Ct. Derby and Long Eaton. Aug. 2. HARRIS, ELLEN, Chacewater, ironmonger. Ct. Truro. Aug 6 HEWSON, JOHN GILBERT (described in the receiving order and trading as Gilbert Hewson), Bond-ct, Walbrook. Ct. High Court Aug. 3. MACNAMARA, GEORGE LOCHNELL, Bath, theatrical manager. Ct. Bath. Aug. 2. PATERSON, JAMES, late Newington-butts. Ct. High Court. Aug 3. PUGH, RICHARD, Tonypandy, carpenter. Ct. Pontypridd, Ystradyfodwg, and Porth. Aug. 7. RANDALL. HENRY CHARLES PERCY, Northampton, director of a public company. Ct. Northampton. Aug. 3 SWAINE. THOMAS SYKES, Blackpool, dressmaker. Ct. Preston. Aug. 3. SEGAL, LEWIS, late Gossett-st, Bethnal Green, cabinet maker. Ct. High Court. Aug. 7. SPINK, FREDERICK (trading as Spink Brothers), Kenway-rd, Kensington butcher. Ct. High Court. Aug. 7. SIMMONS, ARTHUR JOSEPH, Birmingham, clerk. Ct. Birmingham. Aug. 6. SIMMONS, JAMES. Birmingham, gentleman. Ct Birmingham. Aug. 6. STADEN, JOSEPH CHARLES (trading as Staden and Son), Bury St. Edmunds, plumber. Ct. Bury St. Edmunds. Aug. 6. TURNER, HENRY, Penistone, late publican. Ct. Barnsley. Aug 3. WILTSHIRE, ARTHUR EDWARD, Neath, grocer. Ct. Neath and Aberavon. Aug. 6. WRIGHT, WALTER WILLIAM, Ugley, grocer. Ct. Hertford. Aug. 1. Amended notice substituted for that published in Gazette, Aug. 2. CLIFTON, JOSHUA, Saltoun-rd, Brixton, music-hall artiste Ct. High Court. July 29. GAZETTE, AUG. 13. ADCOCK. GEORGE FREDERICK, Paignton, gentleman. Ct. Plymouth. BROMILEY, WILLIAM, Bolton, fruiterer. Ct. Bolton. Aug. 7. Cox, CHARLES, Tunbridge Wells, horticultural builder. Ct. Tunbridge Wells. Aug. 8. COULSON, ROBSON, North Tyne, quarryman. Ct. Newcastle-upon-Tyne. Aug. 10. CLARKE, ERNEST ARCHIBALD, Toft Monks, blacksmith. Ct. Great Yar mouth. Aug. 9. DIXON, JOHN FOSTER, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, builder. Ct. Newcastle-uponTyne. Aug. 8. DAVIS, WILLIAM, Ross, house furnisher. Ct. Hereford. Aug 9 EDWARDS, JAMES (trading as J. Edwards and Son), Monmouth, builder. Ct. Newport, Mon. Aug. 10. EDGERLEY, HENRY HAYES, Widnes, carter. Ct. Liverpool. Aug 9 FREEMAN, HENRY JAMES, Stafford, hairdresser. Ct. Stafford. Aug 8, Gooch, FREDERICK CHARLES, Maidenhead, insurance broker. Ct. Windsor. Aug. 10. HEDEN, REGINALD CLAUDE, Leamington, baker. Ct. Warwick. Aug 9. MARTINDALE, HARRY, Chorley, builder. Ct. Bolton. Aug 7. PRESCOTT, RICHARD, Brandes burton, butcher. Ct. Kingston-upon-Hull Aug. 8. RUDDOCK, ARTHUR, Leeds, late grocer. Ct. Leeds. Aug. 8 RIDLEY, JAMES, late Leeds, dealer in incandescent light burners. Ct. York. Aug. 9. RICH, JOHN, Tedburn St. Mary, farmer. Ct. Exeter. Aug. 9. RUSSELL, HORACE RUTTER, late Token house-bldgs, Moorgate-s, insurance broker. Ct. High Court. Aug. 8. SAXTON, JAMES GEORGE, late Queen's-rd, New Cross, auctioneer STYGALL, M. ERNEST, Craven-st, Strand, joinery manufacturer. Ct. High WYLES, HORACE, late Manchester, manufacturer's agent. Ct. Manchester. WIDDOWSON, FRED, Sheffield, late edge tool manufacturer. Ct. Sheffield. Aug. 9. WOULFE, TALFOURD VERNON, late Copthall-av, stockbroker. Ct. Windsor. Aug 10. WILES, ALFRED, late Queen's-rd, Peckham. Ct. High Court. Aug. 8. ADJUDICATION ANNULLED. GAZETTE, AUG. 13. HILCKES, HEINREICH GUSTAV (commonly known as Harry Hilckes) Lee, philatelic publisher. Ct. Greenwich. July 16. BIRTHS, MARRIAGES, AND DEATHS MARRIAGE. LEA-WADWORTH.-On the 7th inst., at All Saints' Church, Hereford, Captain Gerald Ernest Lea, third son of Judge Lea, of Broadlands. Hereford, to Brenda, daughter of Mr. and Mrs. H. A. Wadworth, of Breinton Court, Hereford. DEATHS. MIDDLETON.-On the 7th ult., at Barkly East, Cape Colony, Gambier Middleton, eldest son of the late C. A. Middleton, Bencher of Gray'sinn, aged 39. TURNER. On the 6th inst., at Beverley, Berkhamsted, Mary Louisa Blachley, widow of His Honour Judge Turner, aged 86 years. By the EARL of HALSBURY and a Distinguished Body of Lawyers. Managing Editor: T. WILLES CHITTY, Esq. VOL. XXII. JUST PUBLISHED. Partnership. Patents and Inventions. Police. Post Office. Some Titles. The Hon. DUNBAR PLUNKET BARTON, M.A,. Judge of the Chancery Division of the High Court of Justice of Ireland; HARRY GREENWOOD, Esq., M.A., LL.D.; FREDERICK WILLIAM PEARSON, Esq., M.A., B.C.L., LL.B.; and ERNEST GREENWOOD, Esq., one of the Police Magistrates in Southern Nigeria, Barristers-at-Law. The Right Hon. The EARL of HALSBURY, D.C.L., F.R.S., a Member of the Judicial Committee of His Majesty's Most Honourable Privy Council; and VISCOUNT TIVERTON, Barrister-at-Law. Sir ROBERT ANDERSON, K.C.B., LL.D., late Assistant Commissioner of the Metropolitan Police and Chief of the Criminal Investigation Department; and KENNETH E. CHALMERS, Esq., B.A., Barrister-at-Law. Sir ROBERT HUNTER, K.C.B., Solicitor to His Majesty's Post Office; and CECIL T. CARR, Esq., M.A., LL.M., Barrister-at-Law. BUTTERWORTH & CO., BELL YARD, TEMPLE BAR, London. To Readers and Correspondents. All communications must be authenticated by the name and address of the writer, not necessarily for publication, but as a guarantee of good faith. Anonymous communications are invariably rejected. All communications intended for the Editorial Department should, in order to prevent delay, be addressed to the "EDITOR OF THE LAW TIMES.' 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One page Half page 8 6 One column 6 .............. ............ 10 0 0 5 0 0 8 10 Each additional line Advertisements ordered for a series of three insertions are charged 10 per cent. under scale, and for six or more insertions 20 per cent. under. Paragraph Advertisements 18. per line, minimum 58. No series discount. Advertisers whose reference is under initials to this office, should remit 6d. additional to defray postage in transmitting replies to their Advertisements. Advertisements must reach the office not later than five o'clock on Thursday afternoon, and must be accompanied by a remittance. Post-Office Orders payable to HORACE COX. Vol. 133.-No. 3621. Liability PARLIAMENTARY on trading contract-Money had and received 981 ROSIN v. JOSEPH RANK LIMITED.Practice-County Court- Claim under £2-Hearing before registrar -Application to judge for new trial-Power to order CLINTON v. J. LYONS AND Co.Negligence-Savage animal-Cat with kittens-Attack on person carrying dog-Liability of owner... 988 KING'S BENCH DIVISION, IN BANKRUPTCY. PRACTICE CONSTITUTIONAL LAW.-Topics...... 392 IRISH NOTES 392 GENERAL INTELLIGENCE.-The Court of the Star Chamber-Heirs-atLaw and Next of Kin-Appointments under the Joint Stock Winding-up Acts-Creditors under 22 & 23 Vict. c. 35 393 PROMOTIONS AND APPOINTMENTS 395 NOTES AND QUERIES... CORRESPONDENCE........ MASON (Trustee of Chetwynd, a Bankrupt v. BOLTON'S LIBRARY LIMITED. Bankruptcy-Assigned action-Writ of fi. fa-Seizure by sheriff-Interpleader summons...... 992 Ir is inevitable that a measure such as the National Insurance Act should give rise to a number of questions of considerable nicety, and also should engage a considerable portion of the time of the courts which are appointed to administer its penal provisions. During the latter part of last term, several decisions as to the status of various classes of persons, in connection with the provisions of the Act, were given by the High Court. This week has witnessed the first series of prosecutions under the Act, for neglecting to comply with its obligatory provisions. The defence raised in these latter cases revealed the fact that the offence committed was due to opposition to the principles of the Act on the part of the persons summoned. This attitude cannot meet with the approval of law-abiding citizens, who appreciate the fact that it is their duty to comply with the provisions of any Act which imposes a statutory obligation upon them, so long as the same remains in force. It will probably not commend itself to impartial critics of the Act, who must realise that the defects in the measure itself and the provisions as to its working cannot be successfully revealed until the Act has been in force for some little time, and the many complicated questions which it must raise have been dealt with. Members of the Legal Profession will probably acknowledge this, having in view the bulk and diversity of the decisions that have been given upon the construction of the Workmen's Compensation Acts. "General Booth" and the Salvation Army. THE Legal Profession will share in the world-wide regret caused by the death of "General Booth," and the loss of a notable citizen borne by the community. At the same time, it may cause some of us to reflect upon the interest which the growth of the Salvation Army, the creation of the late "General," has caused to the lawyer. The Salvation Army or some of its members, in the course of their campaigns, have come at times into conflict with the law, and have thus been the means of raising questions of considerable interest to the Pro Second Sheet fession. Notable among these are the decisions which were given some years ago by the Divisional Court on the right of holding public meetings in streets and public places, which were the result of the conflict of the Salvation Army with the local authorities at various places arising out of the attempt of the latter to repress street meetings of the Salvation Army in cases where they caused opposition from the public. Sociologists, rather than lawyers, are interested in the effect of the influence which the Salvation Army has exerted upon certain sections of the community, and in its evangelising work, but the student of constitutional law will find much food for reflection in a comparison of its origin and growth with that of similar or kindred organisations. The Church, then the sole example of a completely organised government, served as the model for almost all systems of government which were initiated during the period comprehending the early and late Middle Ages, and exerted an influence on the policy and legislation of almost every country which has proved a most important factor in its constitutional growth. The Salvation Army, with its wonderful and complex organisation throughout the world, is not, like the Church, the growth of ages, but has been brought to its present state within the memory of the present generation. It has not wielded political influence, as has the Church, but one might speculate with great interest as to the possibilities that would be opened up, if such an organisation were used as a model for constitutional development by any country. The Borstal Institutions. THE report of the year's work accomplished by these institutions shows clearly the advance that has been made in recent times with regard to the theory of punishment and the treatment of criminals. Punishment for crimes is not only to be used as a deterrent to others, but is to involve the creation of useful citizens from the raw material of youthful offenders. In the place of offenders hardened by the régime of ordinary prison life, the Borstal system aims at turning out youths who are able and willing, after their discharge, to look to an honest calling for their livelihood, instead of a resort to criminal methods, which was too often the only course open to them before the institution of this system. The success of the system adopted by the Borstal Commissioners receives eloquent testimony from the results hitherto achieved, as is shown by the large proportion of discharged offenders who are known to have conducted themselves permanently in a satisfactory manner since their discharge. In this connection the work of the Borstal Association is invaluable in keeping in touch with and finding employment for offenders after their discharge from the Borstal Institutions. NOTEWORTHY DECISIONS OF THE JUDICIAL (Continued from p. 362.) INSURANCE cases cover many aspects of everyday business, and probably the section devoted to life assurance is still one of the most important, despite the new risks which are being covered by the enterprise of the undertakings and the new demands of the Legislature. Mr. Justice Bray in Sparenborg v. Edinburgh Life Assurance Company (106 L. T. Rep. 567; (1912) 1 K. B. 195) had to consider a condition indorsed on a life policy wherein it was provided that, if the insured should go outside the limits of travel specified without obtaining the company's permission, then the assurance shall be void and the premiums paid shall be forfeited." The assured either failed to read these conditions or forgot them, for he went beyond these limits in 1897 without the company's consent. Since that year he continued to pay premiums until 1911, when he discovered the breach of conditions and informed the company. The action was one to recover back the premiums paid since 1897, on the ground that the policy 66 66 was void. Mr. Justice Bray held that, even assuming the policy had become void, the premiums were forfeited since that date and could not be claimed back. The Court of Appeal in Marcovitch v. Liverpool Victoria Friendly Society (28 Times L. Rep. 188) had to deal with another condition which, put briefly, required that the assured, M., should only have one policy on her life unless with the consent of the company," which consent should be evidenced by an indorsement on the policy signed by the secretary of the society." Before this policy was taken out three further policies had been effected on the same life by different persons. All these policies had been treated as valid by the defendants and the amounts due on them had been met, but no indorsement on M.'s policy had been made. On M.'s death her executor claimed under the policy, and was met by the above-mentioned condition. The Court of Appeal held that there could be a consent to the other policies other than that by indorsement, and that under the circumstances the defendants had to sustain the burden of proof that they had not consented to more than one policy. They were held liable on the policy, having failed to show that they had not consented. In connection with marine insurance Mr. Justice Scrutton had an interesting case before him in Cantiere Meccanico Brindisino v. Janson (106 L. T. Rep. 678; (1912) 2 K. B. 112), where the insurance was upon a floating dock. The owners insured it against loss on voyage under a policy containing the phrase seaworthiness admitted." The owners honestly believed that the dock was sufficiently strong to withstand the contemplated voyage, but, though perfectly sound quâ dock, the structure was not strong enough for the voyage risks. It was held that the underwriters were put on inquiry, and were quite aware of the special nature of their risks. The whole object of inserting words such as "seaworthiness admitted" in policies concerning such docks and in the case of river steamers not ordinarily engaged in sea voyages is to avoid the doubts which arise as to whether sufficient temporary strengthening has been applied for an unusual service not designed as the service of its subject-matter, and no defence of concealment was permitted to succeed. At a later date the Court of Appeal has affirmed this decision (vide note ante, p. 308). In Law Guarantee, &c., Society v. Munich Reinsurance Company (105 L. T. Rep. 987; (1912) 1 Ch. 138) Mr. Justice Warrington was concerned with a guarantee of a debenture issue and a reinsurance of a proportion of the risk. The case shows that if the guarantors enter into a scheme of arrangement with creditors or go into liquidation, the reinsurers are not released from their liabilities. Such a contingency is an element in the risk which the parties must be taken to consider within the possibilities. Allen v. London Guarantee and Accident Company (1912) W. N. 55) is useful as a decision on the construction of an accident policy. The defen dants indemnified the plaintiff for twelve months against all sums which the plaintiff might be legally liable to pay as compensation in respect of accidental bodily injuries caused by any horse-drawn vehicle or horse belonging to the plaintiff and in charge of a driver in his employment. A van of the plaintiff's while in charge of a carman struck two men engaged in conversation and just stepping off the kerb. The plaintiff, on the defendants' instructions, repudiated liability, and the defendants defended the action without any request from the plaintiff. One of the persons injured obtained £200 damages, and his costs were taxed at £116; the other obtained £175 damages with costs taxed at £101. The defendants paid the damages, but refused to pay the costs, and an execution was levied upon the plaintiff's goods and the sheriff was paid out by him at a cost of £243. The action was for recovery of this sum, and the defence was that the claims of the two men were one accident or occurrence" within the meaning of a condition in the policy, and that another condition contemplated a maximum liability for damages and costs in the aggregate, and that the defendants had already paid more than the maximum. The defendants abandoned a counter-claim for the £75 alleged to be in excess of that maximum. Mr. Justice Phillimore held that the costs, charges, and expenses referred to only indicated such as were incurred at the insured's request, and that the limit of £300 only applied to the damages. Judgment for the plaintiff for the amount claimed. A totally different class of condition was concerned in Re Bradley and Essex and Suffolk Acci dent Indemnity Society (105 L. T. Rep. 919; (1912) 1 K. B. 415). The claim arose under an employer's liability policy in which there were set out certain conditions precedent, one of which called for the insured to keep a proper wages book. Only one person, son, was employed by the insured. An accident supervened, and compensation was paid by the claimant, but the society refused to refund owing to the fact that no wages book was kept. The Court of Appeal (Lord Justice Fletcher Moulton dissenting) held that the claimant was entitled to indemnity as the object of the condition was to provide for the adjustment of premiums, and that compliance was not essential. Lord Justice Fletcher Moulton took the view that the policy plainly regarded it as a condition precedent, and that it should not be declared to be 66 his |