by the name of Zardouscht in the East. Prideaux makes him contemporary with Cambyses and Darius the son of Hystaspes, but it is very probable he lived some time before them. The Orientals, as may be seen in Dr. Hyde's works, make him to have lived under Gustaspes or Hystaspes, the father of Darab, who is the first Darius according to the Greeks. This Gustaspes was older than Cyrus, and may have been the same person whom you make his governor. Whence it necessarily follows that the reformation of the religion of the Magi must have been made during his reign, and that Zoroaster lived at that time. The reformation made by Darius supposes that the Magi had assumed to themselves very great authority, which he took away from them. He likewise corrupted the purity of Zoroaster's religion, by a mixture of foreign idolatry. In his reign the worship of Anaitis was first brought into Persia, contrary to the hypothesis of Mr. Prideaux. Your scheme is more agreeable to the course of the history, and to those facts which are common to the Greek, Persian and Arabian writers.

Cyrus may have married Cassandana at 18 years of age, and have lived with her nine or ten years; so that he may have travelled into Egypt about the 29th year of his age. Your chronology agrees exactly with the age of Amasis. All chronologists concur in fixing the end of his reign to the year before Cambyses' expedition, that is, about the 525th year before Christ, and the 63d Olympiad. Herodotus makes his reign to have lasted 44 years; and consequently places the beginning of it in the

à la 569me. année avant Jésus-Christ, la 52me. Olympiade, et vers la 3ome. année de Cyrus. Diodore, il est vrai, qui fait régner Amasis 55 ans, suppose qu'il monta sur le trône la 579 ou 58ome. année avant JésusChrist, et la 20me. de l'âge de Cyrus : mais ces deux opinions se concilient aisément. Hérodote commence le règne d'Amasis à la fin de la révolution qui le plaça sur le trône, et Diodore au commencement de sa rebellion.

Apriés n'a dû vivre que très peu de tems après la prise de Jérusalem, puisque le Prophète Jéremie (1) prédit sa mort, sous le nom de Pharaon - Hophra, comme une chose qui devait arriver bientôt. Jérusalem fut pris l'an 589 avant Jésus-Christ, et le 63me avant la mort d'Amasis; ce qui prouve que les troubles de l'Egypte avaient déja commencé. Suivant votre système, Amasis gouvernait tranquillement toute l'Égypte, lorsque Cyrus y alla, et Apriés était mort il y avait déja plusieurs années (2); ce qui est conforme à l'histoire sacrée et profane, Cyrus ayant 28 ou 30 ans lorsqu'il voyagea.

La chronologie grecque ne se conciliera pas, à la vérité, aussi aisément avec la vôtre; mais l'anachronisme n'excédera pas 12 ou 14 années. Chilon, suivant Hermippus, cité par Diogène Laerce (3), était avancé en âge au tems de la 52me.Olympiade. Cette Olympiade commença

(1) Chap. xliv. vers. dern.

(2) L'auteur s'est permis dans cette nouvelle édition, de s'écarter un peu de cette chronologie. Apriés vit encore lorsque Cyrus va en Egypte.

(3) Diog. Laerc. lib. 1.

569th year before Chrits, and the 52d Olympiad, and about the 30th year of Cyrus. Diodorus indeed, who makes Amasis to have reigned 55 years, supposes that he ascended the throne in the 579 or 580th year before Christ, and the 20th year of Cyrus' age; but these two opinions are easily reconciled. Herodotus begins Amasis' reign at the end of the revolution which placed him on the throne, and Diodorus at the beginning of his revolt.

Apries must have lived but a little time after the taking of Jerusalem, since the prophet Jeremiah (1) foretels his death under the name of Pharaoh-Hophra, as what was soon to happen. Jerusalem was taken in the year 589 before Christ, and the 63d before Amasis' death, which shew that the troubles in Egypt, were already begun. According to your system Amasis governed all Egypt in tranquility when Cyrus went thither, and Apries had already been dead several years (2); which is agreeable both to profane and sacred history, Cyrus being between 28 and 30 years of age when he travelled.

The greek chronology indeed will not be so easily reconciled to yours, but the anachronism will not exceed 12 or 14 years. Chilo was according to Hermippus, as quoted by Diogenes Laertius (3), advanced in age at the time of the 52d Olympiad. This Olympiad

(1) Chap. xliv. the last verse.

(2) In this new edition the author has taken the liberty to vary a little from this chronology. Apries is yet I ving when Cyrus goes into Egypt.

(3) Diog. Laert. lib. 1.

l'an 573 avant Jésus-Christ, et finit à l'an-
née 570, qui était la 3ome. de Cyrus. Cette
époque était antérieure à son Ephorat, que
Pamphile place à la 56me. Olympiade, mais
ce passage est manifestement altéré. L'auteur
anonyme de la Chronologie des Olympiades
fixe le tems de la magistrature de Chilon à celui
de l'Archontat d'Euthydème à Athènes, c'est-
à-dire, à la 81me. année avant le passage de
Xerxès en Asie, suivant la chronologie des
marbres d'Arondel (1). C'était la 561me. an-
née avant Jésus-Christ, et la 38me. de Cyrus;
ce qui s'accorde parfaitement bien avec votre
chronologie; car Cyrus a pu voir Chilon huit
ans auparavant, lorsqu'il alla à Sparte, et qu'il
était âgé de trente ans.

Périandre mourut, selon Sosicrate, à la fin
de la 48me. Olympiade, l'an 585 avant Jésus-
Christ, et le 16me. de Cyrus. Les anciens nous
apprennent qu'il avait régné quarante ans, et
qu'il avait commencé à fleurir vers la 38me.
Olympiade. Vous retardez sa mort de 12 ou 14
années; mais comme vous ne faites cela que
pour rendre Cyrus témoin de sa mort déses-
pérée, l'anachronisme est une beauté, et il est
d'ailleurs de peu d'importance.

Le règne de Pisistrate sur les Athéniens ne
commença que 560 ans avant Jésus-Christ,
71 avant la bataille de Marathon, selon Thu-
cydide (2), el 100 ans avant la tyrannnie des
Quatre cents à Athènes. Cyrus avait alors

(1) Marm. Oxon. Chr. Attic. Epoch. 42.

(2) Lib. 6. p. 449, 452, et lib. 8. p. 601 Arist. Pol.
lib. 6. p. 12.

began in the 573d year before Christ, and ended in the 570th, which was the 30th of Cyrus. This was before his Ephorate, which Pamphyla places in the 56th Olympiad, but this passage is manifestly corrupted. The anonymous author of the Chronology of the Olympiads, fixes the time of the magistracy of Chilo to that of the Archonship of Euthydemes at Athens, that is, to the 81st year before Xerxes' passage into Asia, according to the chronology (1) of the Arundelian marbles. This was the 561st year before Christ, and the 38th of Cyrus, which agrees perfectly well with your chronology; for Cyrus might have seen Chilo eight years before, as he went to Sparta, and when he was thirty years of age.

Periander died, according to Sosicrates, at the end of the 48th Olympiad, the 585th year before Christ, and the 16th of Cyrus. The ancients tell us he had reigned 40 years, and began to flourish about the 38th Olympiad. You postpone his death 12 or 14 years; but as you do this only to make Cyrus a witness of his desperate death, the anachronism is a beauty, and is otherwise of little importance.

Pisistratus' reign over the Athenians did not begin till 560 years before Christ, 71 before the battle of Marathon, according to. Thucydides (2), and 100 before the tyranny of the 400 at Athens. Cyrus was then 40 years

(1) Marm. Oxon. Chronol. Attic. Epoch. 42.

(2) Lib. 6. p. 449, 452, et lib. 8. p. 601. Arist. Pol, lib. 6. p. 12.